Isethulo se-VI Symposium ekuqothulweni kwamasosha ezempi angaphandle
I-Guantanamo, eCuba, ngoMeyi 4-6, i-2019
NguColonel Ann Wright
Kumele ngiqale isethulo sami ngokuxolisa kubantu baseCuba ngezwe lami, i-United States of America ehlala umhlaba wobukhosi waseCuba weNavy Base yaseGuantanamo, isikhungo samasosha i-US ebesesihlale isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphandle kwe-US kanye nezindlu zesikhathi esedlule Iminyaka eyi-18 ijele elidume kabi lapho.
Ngiphinde ngixolise ngezigwebo ezimbi US uke waba nazo kubantu baseCuba iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-50 njengobuphekula bomnotho nezinhlobo zokwesatshiswa nokuziphindiselela ngokungahambisani nentando yase-US iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-61, kusukela ku-Revolution Cuban.
Ngiphinde ngicela ukuxolisa kuMongameli weCuban Institute for Friendship of the Peoples (ICAP) uFernando Gonzalez ngokuboshwa kwakhe okungekho emthethweni e-United States nakwabanye abantu abaziwa ngokuthi yiCuban Five ababeboshelwe ngokungemthetho e-US
Ngifuna nokuxolisa kubantu baseVenezuela naseNicaragua ngendima ye-US ekuzameni ukuketula ohulumeni abakhethiwe emazweni abo kanye nezijeziso ezibekwe yi-US kulawo mazwe. Ngiyaxolisa futhi kubantu baseHonduras ngendima eyadlalwa yiMelika ekuqedeni umbuso wabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokwesicelo sikaHulumeni waseVenezuela, abangani baseWashington, DC bahlala e-Embassy yaseVenezuela ukuvimbela abazama ukukhipha umbuso kaJuan Guaido ekuhlaseleni isakhiwo se-Embassy.
Manje kusihloko sesethulo sami. I-70th isikhumbuzo seNorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) sabanjelwa eWashington, DC ngo-Ephreli 3 no-4, 2019. Izinhlangano eziningi zeza eWashington ukuzophikisana nendlela ephikisana neRussia esenze iYurophu enye indawo enenkinga ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 yeCold Impi isiphelile emlandweni.
Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, i-US ne-NATO bebelokhu bevikela amasisekelo ezempi emazweni aseBaltic, eScandinavia naseMpumalanga Yurophu emngceleni waseRussia.
E-Estonia, kunomqhudelwano we-NATO oholwa yi-UK futhi wenziwa ngamasosha e-800 avela eDenmark naseFrance nge-4 German Typhoon jets enza imisebenzi ye-Baltic "Air Policing".
E-Latvia, kukhona ibutho lomuntu le-1,200 eliholwa yiCanada futhi lenziwa ngamasosha ase-Albania, e-Italy, ePoland, eSpain naseSlovenia.
E-Lithuania, ibutho lomuntu we-1,200 liholwa yiJalimane enezisebenzi zempi ezivela eBelgium, eCroatia, eFrance, eLouthern, Netherlands naseNorway ne-4 Dutch F-16 eqhuba imishini ye-Baltic "Air Policing".
Kuye kwaba nokwanda kwamabhajethi ezempi ase-Estonia naseLatvia naseLithuania kabili ngokulinganisa isabelomali salo sempi ngenxa yenkinga ye-NATO.
EPoland, kune-system ye-missile yase-US Aegis esekelwe umhlaba kanye nebutho le-4,000 US eliphethe ngokugqoka, okufaka amathangi we-250, i-Bradley Fighting Vehicles kanye ne-Paladin wayitzers.
ERomania, i-US imise uhlelo lwe-missile e-Aegis elisemhlabeni, owokuqala eYurophu kusukela e-Cold War.
Enyakatho yeYurophu eScandinavia, ukuqeqeshwa okukhulu kwezempi kwe-NATO kusukela ekupheleni kwe-Cold War, okuthiwa i-Trident Juncture 18, kwenzeke eNorway kusukela ngo-Okthoba 25 kuya kuNovemba 7, i-2018 kulokho okwakubonisa amandla amakhulu okuhloswe eRussia.
Cishe amasosha angama-50,000 31 avela emazweni angama-29 - amazwe angama-XNUMX angamaNATO kanye neSweden neFinland - abambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezihlelwe maphakathi neNorway zokwenza umsebenzi womhlaba, eNyakatho ye-Atlantic naseBaltic Sea yezokuqhutshwa kolwandle, naseNorway, eSweden nase Isikhala somoya saseFinland.
Lokho cishe kungamasosha angaphezu kuka-10,000 2002 kunakwizivivinyo zeStrong Resolve ePoland ngo-11, ezahlanganisa amalungu e-Alliance kanye namazwe angama-XNUMX abalingani.
Izimoto eziyi-10,000 92 zibambe iqhaza kwezokuzivocavoca kwezempi kwathi uma zikleliswe ekugcineni, ulayini uzoba ngamakhilomitha angama-57 noma amamayela angama-250 ubude. Izindiza ezingama-60 nemikhumbi engama-XNUMX zibambe iqhaza, kubalwa nenkampani yezindiza ephethe amandla enuzi i-USS Harry S. Truman.
Bangaphezu kuka-20,000 24,000 amabutho omhlaba, kanye nabasebenzi be-navy abangama-3,500 okubandakanya iMarines yase-US, abasebenzi bezempi yasemoyeni abangama-1,000, ongoti abangabalelwa ku-1,300 XNUMX kanye nabasebenzi be-XNUMX abavela ezinhlwini eziningi zemiyalo yeNATO ababambe iqhaza.
Izizwe ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili ezinikele kwaba yiMelika, iJalimane, iNorway, iBrithani kanye neSweden, ngokulandelana.
Ku-2017, yize kunemibhikisho eqinile evela eRussia, ama-Marines angama-330 aseMelika athunyelwa ngokujikeleza esikhungweni sokuqeqesha saseNorway eVærnes enkabeni yeNorway. Izwe laseMelika lifuna ukukhuphula inani lamasosha aseMelika lifinyelele ku-700 bese liwagxilisa enyakatho eSetermoen, amakhilomitha angama-420 ukusuka eRussia. Isivumelwano sokuthunyelwa kweMelika sizophinde sinwetshwe kusuka ezinkathini zamanje zezinyanga eziyisithupha ezivuselelekayo kuya eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ukunwetshwa kweRussia eCrimea ngo-2014 yisizathu sokuthi i-NATO isetshenziselwe ukwandisa abasebenzi base-US / NATO enkabeni nasempumalanga yeYurophu. Uhulumeni waseRussia usegxeke kaningi futhi wagxeka kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwamasosha aseMelika eNorway.
Kusukela ukuxoshwa kweRussia eCrimea ku-2014, IPoland isilokhu isiqakathekile kokukhula kwe-US eMpumalanga Yurophu, kubandakanya phinda ukuthunyelwa kweqembu le-173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team ukukhombisa ukugqugquzela okusheshayo amabutho ase-US kanye ne-NATO. Ngo-Agasti, i-US Air Force yathunyelwa amahlanu ama-F-22 Raptors nama-40 airmen ePoland ukuze uhlanganyele ekuzilolweni okuhlangene lapho.
I-US nayo yamemezela ukuthi i-US Army Europe ikhulisa ukutholakala kwamasosha ngokufaka amasosha e-1,500 embusweni wayo eJalimane.
Amaphoyisa athi ngo-September 2018 ukuthi ukusebenza okusha kweyunithi zihlelelwe ukuqala kulo nyaka nokuthi amabutho nemindeni yabo kufanele bonke babe khona eningizimu yeJalimane ngo-September 2020.
Kunamasosha ase-US angama-35,220 eJalimane namasosha aseMelika angama-64,112 eseYurophu:
Isiphakamiso senkonzo yezokuvikela yasePoland sibala izifunda zezwe iBydgoszcz neTeru Tor njengezindawo ezingaba khona zophiko lwezempi lwaseMelika. Ngokwengeziwe, i-NATO's Joint Force Training Center isivele ikomkhulu layo eBydgoszcz.
Ukutholakala kwezempi yase-United States eYurophu kwafinyelela phezulu kuma-50 angaphezu kwama-450,000 amasosha asebenza ezingaphezu kwezingxenye ze-1,200. Ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi ukutholakala kwezempi yase-United States eYurophu kwehle kakhulu ku-213,000 servicemen, futhi kamuva ku-1993 kwehla ngisho nakakhulu ku-112,000 servicemen. Namuhla kukhona i-64, amasosha ase-112 aseMelika ahlala ngokuphelele eYurophu. Ingqalasizinda yezempi kanye nebutho lase-US eYurophu (EUCOM) ingahlelwa ngezigaba.
IZINDABA ZEMISEBENZI YAMASIPALA E-US
Ingqalasizinda Yezempi https://southfront.org/military-analysis-us-military-presence-in-europe/
- Izisekelo eziyisisekelo zokusebenza ukufakwa okukhulu okukwazi ukubhekana nenani elilinganiselwe lamabutho asemiswe ngokugcwele nengqalasizinda esakhelwe kahle.
- Amasayithi okuqhubekela phambili ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa ukujikeleza. Lezi zindlela zikwazi ukujwayela ngokuvumelana nezimo.
- Izindawo zokuphepha zokubambisana ngokuvamile azikho amabutho amisiwe angapheli futhi agcinwa yikontrakta noma ukwesekwa kwesizwe.
I-US I-European Command, i-EUCOM, inesibopho sokusebenza kwezempi, ukusebenzisana, ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kokuvikeleka njengengxenye ye-United States phambili yokuzivikela kokuzivikela. I-EUCOM inezingxenye ezinhlanu: US Naval Forces Europe (NAVEUR), US Army Europe (USAREUR), US Air Force eYurophu (USAFE), US Marine Force Europe (MARFOREUR), US Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR).
- Ama-American Naval Forces Europe (NAVEUR) inikeza umyalo jikelele, ukulawula nokusebenza kuwo wonke amafa aseMelika aseMelika njengamanje asetshenziswa eYurophu futhi atholakala eNaples, e-Italy futhi okuyi-homeport ye-Sixth Fleet.
- I-US Army Europe (USAREUR) itholakala eWiesbaden, eJalimane. Esiqongweni seMpi Yomshoshaphansi i-US Army yayinezixuku ezingaba ngu-300,000 eziseYurophu, namuhla isisekelo se-USAREUR sakhiwa amaqembu amabili okulwa namagoli kanye nezinkundla zezindiza eziseJalimane nase-Italy.
- I-US Air Force eYurophu (USAFE) inezisekelo eziyisishiyagalombili eziyinhloko eYurophu ezinama-39,000 asebenzayo, abagcinwayo nabasebenzi. I-USAFE isekela ukuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo eYurophu futhi yayikhuthele kakhulu ngesikhathi sezinkinga eLibiya.
- I-US Marine Force Yurophu (MARFOREUR) yasungulwa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili engaphansi kwamanzi olwandle angaphansi kwe-200, namuhla umyalo usetshenziswe eBöblingen, eJalimane enezimoto ezingaba ngu-1,500 ezinikezwe ukusekela ukuthunyelwa kwe-EUCOM ne-NATO. UMARFOREUR wayesebenza emazweni aseBalkan, futhi ejwayele ukuvivinya impi ikakhulukazi namabutho aseNorway.
- I-US Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR) inikeza ukuhlela isikhathi sokuthula nokulawulwa kokusebenza kwamandla okusebenza okhethekile ngesikhathi sempi engahambisani nendawo e-EUCOMs yomthwalo wemfanelo. I-SOCEUR ihlanganyele emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokwakhiwa kwamakhono nokuthunyelwa kwamandla okuthutha ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, ibambe iqhaza emazweni aseBalkan phakathi nemisebenzi engamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye kanye nokwesekwa ngokulwa ngesikhathi sezimpi ze-Iraq ne-Afghanistan.
IZIPHUMA ZASENUCLEAR E-EUROPE
Ngaphandle kwamandla enyukliya aseFrance naseBrithani i-US nayo igcine inqwaba yezimpi zenuzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Phakathi nenkathi ye-Cold War ngenkathi i-US yayinezimpi ezingaphezu kwe-2,500 eYurophu, kodwa ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi nokuwa kweSoviet Union leyo nombolo eyehla ngokushesha. Namuhla ngokusho okulinganiselwe okungaqondile, i-US inamapayipi angu-150 kuya ku-250 ase-Italy, eTurkey, eJalimane, eNetherlands naseBelgium. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lalezi zikhali zingamahhala amabhomu adonsela phansi aphethwe yizindiza.
Nakuba iningi lezikhali zenuzi lisenqamulelwaneni ephelele eNtshonalanga Yurophu futhi ukukhishwa kwale migomo kungenakwenzeka, kucabangela isimo e-Ukraine naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezisekelo ezisetshenziselwa ukubamba izikhali zenuzi eYurophu: Amanzi aseNuclear Air kanye ne-Air Bases anezikhukhula zeNyukliya esimweni somnakekeli.
I-Nuclear Air Bases yiLakenheath (UK), Volkel (Netherlands), uKleine Broggle (Belgium), Buchel (eJalimane), uRamstein (eJalimane), uGhadei Torre (Italy), Aviano (Italy) no-Incirlik (Turkey).
Ama-Air Bases anezikhukhula zeNyukliya esimweni sokunakekela abaseNorvenich (eJalimane), i-Araxos (iGrisi), i-Balikesir (Turkey), i-Akinci (Turkey). I-Jalimane inezikhali zenuzi eziningi kakhulu zase-US ezinokugcinwa okungaphezu kwamabhomu we-150. Zonke lezi zikhali zingasuswa futhi zihanjiswe kwezinye izisekelo noma kwamanye amazwe uma zifunwa.
- Ama-US Bases ase-United Kingdom
- I-Menwith Hill Air Base
- I-Mildenhall Air Base
- I-Alcon Bury Air Base
- I-Croughton Air Base
- I-Fairford Air Base
- Ama-US Bases aseJalimane
- USAG Hohenfels
- USAG Weisbaden
- USAG Hessen
- USAG Schweinfurt
- USAG Bamberg
- USAG Grafenwoehr
- USAG Ansbach
- USAG Darmstadt
- USAG Heidelberg
- USAG Stuttgart
- USAG Kaiserslautern
- USAG Baumholder
- I-Spangdahlem Air Base
- I-Ramstein Air Base
- I-Panzer Kaserne (base-US Marine base)
- Ama-US Bases aseBelgium
- USAG Benelux
- USAG Brussels
- Ama-US Bases aseNetherlands
- USAG Schinnen
- I-Joint Force Command
- Amasisekelo ase-US ase-Italy
- I-Aviano Air Base
- I-Caserma Ederle
- I-Camp Darby
- I-NSA La Maddalena
- I-NSA Gaeta
- I-NSA Naples
- I-NSA Sigonella
- Izisekelo eziseseSerbia / eKosovo
- I-Camp Bondsteel
- Amasisekelo ase-US ase-Bulgaria
- I-graf Ignatievo Air Base
- I-Bezmer Air Base
- I-Aitos Logistics Center
- I-Novo Selo Range
- Ama-US Bases aseGreece
- I-NSA Souda Bay
- Ama-US Bases aseTurkey
- Izmir Air Base
- I-Incirlik Air Base
Ukufakwa kwesiRashiya eCrimea ngokucela abantu baseCrimea abavotelwe ukufakwa kwesihlonzi esiqeshini, banikeze ama-hawks empi e-US naku-NATO ukuthi banomuzwa wokuthi badinga ukukhulisa ngokuphawulekayo inani namandla okuvivinya umzimba wezempi. IScandinavia namazwe aseBaltic.
Ukwengeza, ukuphikisana kwezinqubomgomo zezempi zase-US naseRussia ezinqenqemeni zase-Syria naseVenezuela kuye kwaba ukulungiswa kwesabelomali sezempi yase-US, kuyilapho uhulumeni waseRussia enesabelomali sesabelo esisodwa seyeshumi se-US futhi sincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhajethi wezempi ahlanganisiwe kuwo wonke amazwe e-29-NATO.
US MILITARY EN AFRIKA
Ngifuna ukukwazisa ngokwanda okumangazayo kwenani lamasosha nabasebenzi baseMelika emazweni ase-Afrika ngaphansi komyalo wase-US obizwa nge-AFRICOM. Ngokuya ngocwaningo oluhle kakhulu olwenziwe nguNick Turse noSean Naylor olwathunyelwa ngo-Ephreli 19, 2019, olubizwa nge- "The Footprint e-Afrika," kunezivivinyo zamasosha ezingama-35 "eziqanjwe ngekhodi" namasosha ase-US emazweni ayi-19.
I-ARMADA NGOKUPHEPHA: Umzamo wokubheka umshini we-Navy wase-US owenziwa ngemikhumbi esuka ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Afrika, I-Armada Sweep isekela impi ye-drone yase-US esifundeni.
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: Unknown
I-ECHO ISIKHATHI: Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa uchungechunge lwemisebenzi e-Central African Republic. Iqala ngo-2013 njenge ukweseka ukuthunyelwa kwamabutho aseFrance nase-Afrika athunyelwe e-Central African Republic ekhungethekile ngenhloso yokulondoloza ukuthula futhi waqhubeka njengenhlangano yokweluleka nokusiza kulawo mabandla okugcina ukuthula ase-Afrika. Kodwa-ke, amabutho ase-US awahambisani nabalingani bawo ensimini noma awaqeqesha ngendlela efanele. Ukusebenza kwabuye kwafaka nokusungulwa kwabakontrakthi kanye namaMarines ukuvikela i-Embassy yase-Bangu eBangi kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi ekhethekile yase-US ehlangene ukuze kusize ummeli wase-United States emisebenzini yokulwa ne-Lord's Resistance Army. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokusebenza, amasosha ase-US ahamba ngezindiza amakhulu amabutho aseBurundi, amathani emishini nemoto engaphezu kweyishumi nambili eMpumalanga Afrika, ngokusho ku-Afrika. Ibutho lase-US laqhubeka ukuthutha amabutho aseFrance ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweCentral African Republic, futhi le nhlangano yayisasebenza ekuqaleni kwe-2018.
Isisekelo esetshenziswa: I-Abeche, i-Chad
I-EXILE HUNTER: Omunye womndeni wemizamo yokulwa nokulwa nobugebengu okwenziwa yi-US ekhethekile e-East Africa. I-Exile Hunter yayiyinkqubo ye-127e lapho amasosha ase-United States aqeqeshe khona futhi ahlomisa amandla aseTopiya ngokuthunyelwa kwamaphekula eSomalia. UBolduc uthi uvale e-2016 ngoba uhulumeni waseTopiya akajabule ngombuso ongangeni ngaphansi komyalo wakhe. Kodwa-ke, uMnyango Wezokuvikela we-February 2018 uhlu okubizwa ngokuthi imisebenzi ephakamisa ukuthi ivuselwe.
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: I-Camp Lemonnier, i-Djibouti
JUKEBOX LOTUS: I-Operation Jukebox Lotus waqala njengendlela yokubhekana nokuhlasela kukaSeptemba 2012 eBanghazi, eLibya, owabulala u-Ambassador wase-US uJohn Christopher Stevens nabanye abantu baseMelika abathathu, kodwa waqhubeka kwaze kwaba yi-2018. Ivumela i-Africa Command igunya elikhulu ukuqhuba imisebenzi ehlukahlukene eLibya njengoba kudingeka futhi ecacile kungabi nemisebenzi ekhethekile noma ukulwa nobugebengu.
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: I-Faya Greatau ne-N'Djamena, i-Chad; I-Air Base i-201, i-Agadez, i-Niger
I-RAIN RAIN: Umzamo wokuvikela ulwandle eGulf of Guinea okubandakanya amaqembu e-African Guard ne-US Coast Guard asebenza emikhumbi yase-US Navy noma yamabutho ase-Afrika. Ku-2016, amaqembu ama-hybrid aqhutshwa Ukubhuka kwe-32, okuholela ku-$ 1.2 wezigidi ezinhlawulo ezikhokhelwa ukuphulwa okungaphezu kwe-50 yasolwandle, kanye nokuthola i-diesel fuel umkhumbi owawuthathwa yizigebengu. Ngonyaka odlule, ukusebenza nama-navies ase-Senegal naseCabo Verdean kubangele okungenani Ukubhuka kwe-40 - ikakhulukazi imikhumbi yokudoba - ne-$ 75,000 ezinhlawulo ezinikezwe ukuhlukunyezwa kokudoba okubili.
Isisekelo esetshenziswa: I-Dakar, Senegal
JUNCTION SERPENT: A umzamo wokuqapha e-Libya ukuthi, njengengxenye ye-2016 umkhankaso wama-airstrikes ngokumelene nezikhundla ze-Islamic State emzini waseLibya waseSirte, wanikeza iziphathimandla ezikhethekile zoMnyango wezokuSebenza eziPhethe ukuba zixhumanise izimpahla ukuze zithuthukise ulwazi lokukhomba lomkhankaso
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: Unknown
JUNIPER MICRON: E-2013, emva kokuba uFrance umemezele ukungenela kwamabutho amaSulumane eMali, okuthiwa yi-Operation Serval, i-US yaqala ukusebenza I-Juniper Micron, okubandakanya amasosha aseFrance kanye nezinsiza kulowo owayengamaKoloni aseFrance, ukuhambisa izindiza ezihamba ngezindiza ekusekeleni isibhamu saseFrance, nokusiza amabutho ase-Afrika ahlangene. UJuniper Micron wayelokhu eqhubeka ngo-Okthoba 2018, ihlela ukuba iqhubeke esikhathini esizayo.
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: E-Ouagadougou, e-Burkina Faso; Istres-Le Tube Isizinda Somoya, EFrance; I-Bamako neGao, iMali; I-Air Base i-201 (i-Agadez), i-Arlit, i-Dirkou, i-Madama ne-Niamey, i-Niger; I-Dakar, Senegal
I-JUNIPER NIMBUS: I-Juniper Nimbus uhlelo olusebenza isikhathi eside oluhlose ukusekela umkhankaso wezempi waseNigeria olwaBoko Haram.
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: E-Ouagadougou, e-Burkina Faso; I-N'Djamena, i-Chad; Arlit, Dirkou kanye neMadama, eNiger
JUNIPER SHIELD: Umsebenzi wokuvulela umkhankaso owaholela ekuxosheni okubulalayo eNiger, I-Juniper Shield yiyona ndawo yokuqala e-United States umzamo wokulwa nobugebengu enyakatho-ntshonalanga Afrika futhi ihlanganisa izizwe 11: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal naseTunisia. Ngaphansi kweJuniper Shield, amaqembu e-US ajikeleza njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuqeqesha, ukweluleka, ukusiza nokuhambisa amabutho omlingani wendawo ukuqhuba imisebenzi emelene namaqembu amaphekula, kuhlanganise ne-ISIS-West Africa, iBoko Haram kanye ne-al Qaida nalabo abathintekayo.
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: E-Ouagadougou, e-Burkina Faso; I-Garoua neMaroua, eCameroon; I-Bangui, i-Central African Republic; I-Faya Greatau ne-N'Djamena, i-Chad; I-Bamako neGao, iMali; I-Nema no-Ouassa, i-Mauritania; I-Air Base i-201 (Agadez), i-Arlit, iDiffa, i-Dirkou, iMadama ne-Niamey, iNiger; I-Dakar, Senegal
I-NIMBLE SHIELD: Umzamo ophansi ohlose iBoko Haram ne-ISIS-West Africa
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: Douala, Garoua neMaroua, eCameroon; I-Bangui, i-Central African Republic; I-N'Djamena, i-Chad; Diffa, Dirkou, Madama noNiamey, eNiger
I-OAKEN SONNET I-III: Uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezintathu ze-contingency eSouth Sudan. Oaken Sonnet Nginguye kunzima 2013 ukukhululwa kwabasebenzi base-US kusukela kulelo zwe ekuqaleni kwempi yombango. U-Oaken Sonnet II wenziwa ku-2014 no-Oaken Sonnet III ku-2016.
Isisekelo esetshenziswa: Juba, eSouth Sudan
I-OAKEN STEEL: Ukuqiniswa kwe-Embassy yase-US eJuba, eSouth Sudan, ukuvikela abasebenzi baseMnyangweni wezeMpilo ngesikhathi kuxabana phakathi kwamaqembu aphikisanayo empini yombango, Operation Oaken Steel, egijima kusukela July 12, 2016, kuJan. 26, 2017, wabona amabutho ase-US athumela e-Uganda ukuthi azohlinzeka ngokubhekana nezinkinga eziphuthumayo ngesikhathi sezingxabano.
Izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe: I-Camp Lemonnier, i-Djibouti; I-Moron Air Base, eSpain; Entebbe, Uganda
Sihlela ukuba nesethulo eside kuma-base ase-US ase-Afrika esihlokweni esilandelayo.
