Kusukela TomDispatch, Juni 13, i-2019
Sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-18 "engapheli"Impi, i-carnage, i ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi of abantu, lo ukubhujiswa yamadolobha… niyayazi indaba. Sonke senza… kinda… kepha isikhathi esiningi kuyindaba ngaphandle nabo. Uvame ukuzwa zabo amazwi. They akuvamile ukuba khona emhlabeni wethu. Ngicabanga ngama-Afghani, ama-Iraqi, amaSiriya, ama-Yemenis, amaSomalia, amaLibya, njalonjalo abaye babhekana nezimpi zethu ezingapheli. Yebo, njalo manje kukhona ucezu oluhlabayo kumaphephandaba aseMelika, njengoba kwakamuva nje uphenyo oluhlangene i-Bureau of Investigative Journalism futhi New York Times ukubulawa komama nezingane zakhe eziyisikhombisa (omncinyane wayeneminyaka emine ubudala) emzaneni wase-Afghanistan owabangelwa i-American JDAM missile (futhi ekuqaleni waphika yizempi yase-US). Kwakuyinto eyodwa inombolo ekhulayo we-US air strikes kulo lonke izwe. Kuzo zonke izicucu, ungakwazi ngempela ukuzwa izwi lomyeni, uMasih Ur-Rahman Mubarez, owayengekho lapho ibhomu lihlasela futhi ehlala efuna ukulunga emndenini wakhe. ("Sinezwi: ukuthula ngokumelene nokungabi nabulungisa kuyisenzo sobugebengu, ngakho-ke ngizosakaza izwi lami emhlabeni wonke. Ngizokhuluma nabo bonke abantu, kuyo yonke indawo." Ngeke ngithule kodwa lokhu kuyi-Afghanistan. hhayi, sizobe sesiphakamisa izwi lethu. ")
Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile, isikhathi thina baseMelika esichitha empilweni yalabo abasezweni, kuleli khulu leminyaka, sinezandla ezinjalo ekuphendukeni kwezinto ezihlulekayo noma ezihlulekayo ezincane ngempela. Ngivame ukucabanga ngendaba TomDispatch ine Embozwe cishe yedwa kule minyaka: indlela, phakathi kwe-2001 ne-2013, amandla e-US asula amandla amaqembu omshado emazweni amathathu aphesheya kweMpumalanga Ephakathi Kakhulu: i-Afghanistan, i-Iraq ne-Yemen. (Ukusebenzisa izindiza ze-US nezikhali, i-Saudis inayo waqhubeka ababulalayo abanobuhlungu eminyakeni yamuva e-Yemen.)
Cishe awukhumbuli ngisho nomcimbi owodwa womshado usulwa isiteleka somoya sase-US - inombolo yangempela okungenani eziyisishiyagalombili - futhi angikusoli ngoba abatholanga ukunakwa okuningi lapha. Okuhlukile: i-tabloid ephethwe uMurdoch, i- New York Post, ngaphambi kwesiteleka se-drone emotweni yezimoto ezibhekene nomshado e-Yemen ku-2013 ngale nhloko ethi "Umlobokazi noBuom!"
Ngihlale ngicabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma isibhamu sabantu abazibulala e-al-Qaeda noma se-ISIS senza umshado waseMelika lapha, bebulala umakoti noma umkhwenyana, izivakashi, ngisho nabaculi (njengalabo baseMarine Major General UJames MattisAmandla kaJehova wenza e-Iraq ku-2004). Uyazi impendulo: kuzakuba nezinsuku zokukhathazeka kwezindaba ze-24 / 7, kufaka phakathi izingxoxo zabasindile bezinyembezi, izindaba zangemuva zazo zonke izinhlobo, izikhumbuzo, imikhosi, njalonjalo. Kodwa uma thina singobani ababhubhisayo, hhayi ukubhujiswa, izindaba zidlula ngokukhanya (uma kunjalo), futhi ukuphila (lapha) kuqhubeka, yingakho TomDispatch Njalo Okuthunyelwe kukaLaura Gottesdiener namhlanje, engqondweni yami, kukhetheke kakhulu. Wenza khona kanye lokho eminye imithombo yezindaba yethu ingakwenzi njalo: unikeza amazwi angenakuphikiswa wezishoshovu ezimbili zokuthula zase-Iraq - bewazi nokuthi kunezishoshovu ezincane zase-Iraq zokuthula? - bexoxa ngezimpilo ezithinteke kakhulu ukuhlasela kweMelika nokuhlala kwezwe labo ngo-2003. Tom
Abantu ababili base-Iraqi Ukuthula Abaphikisana Nezwe LamaThoko
Njengoba i-Trump Administration Weighs War, i-Iraqis Lungiselela I-Carnival Yokuthula
By Laura GottesdienerKukhona ihlaya elimnyama elizungeza iBaghdad kulezi zinsuku. Noof Assi, isishoshovu sokuthula se-Iraqi eneminyaka engu-30 nomsebenzi wesintu, wangitshela ngocingo. Ingxoxo yethu yenzeke ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi ngemuva nje kokuthi umphathi weTrump umemezele ukuthi izofaka isibhamu se-1,500 esingeziwe eMelika eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
"I-Iran ifuna ukulwa ukuze i-United States ne-Saudi Arabia ziphume e-Iraq," waqala. "Futhi i-United States ifuna ukulwa ukuze i-Iran iphume e-Iraq." Wema kancane. "Kanjani ngathi sonke sase-Iraq sisuka e-Iraq ukuze sikwazi ukulwa lapha sisodwa?"
U-Assi uyingxenye yesizukulwane sabase-Iraq abasha abaphila impilo yabo yokuqala ngaphansi kokubusa kwezwe lase-US ezweni labo bese behlukumezeka kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokuphakama kwe-ISIS, futhi manje bebehamba ngokumangalisa nge-Washington's saber-steattling ngaseTehran. Babengeke bazi ukuthi, uma impikiswano iqhuma, ama-Iraq azokuzithola ephinde aphinde abanjwe phakathi nendawo echithayo.
NgoFebhuwari, uMongameli uTrump wavusa ulaka ngokuthi i-United States izogcina ukubakhona kwayo kwezempi - Amasosha e-5,200 - kanye ne-al-Asad airbase e-Iraq ukuze “bukela i-Iran"NgoMeyi, uMnyango WezoMbuso ngaleso sikhathi ngokungazelelwe wayala zonke izisebenzi zikahulumeni ezingekho eziphuthumayo ukushiya i-Iraq, zichaza ukuhlakanipha okungaqondakali mayelana nezinsongo "zemiSebenzi yase-Iranian." (Lokhu okuthiwa uhlakaniphile kwakunjalo ngokushesha iphikisana ummeli weBrithani we-US-led ledal coalition war ISIS owathi "akangekho usongo olwandisiwe kusuka emabutho ase-Iran ase-Iraq naseSiriya.") Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, i-rocket wafika ngokungenalutho e-Green Zone eQinisekile kakhulu e-Baghdad, enezindlu ze-ambassy yase-United States. UNdunankulu wase-Iraq u-Adel Abdul Mahdi umemezele ukuthi uzothumela izithunywa eWashington naseTehran ukuzama "ukumisa ukucindezeleka, "Kuyilapho izinkulungwane zama-Iraq azivamile ihlangene eBaghdad ukuphikisa ukuthi kungenzeka izwe labo liphinde lihoxiswe ekuxabaneni.
Iningi lezindaba ezivela eMelika ngokunyuka kwama-US-Iranian ukucindezeleka kulezi zinsuku, zihambisana ne "intel" ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Trump iziphathimandla zokuphatha, ifana nokufana nokuholela ekuhlaselweni kwe-2003 yase-Iraq. Njengamuva Al Jazeera ucezu - olunesihloko esithi “Ngabe abezindaba baseMelika bashaya izigubhu zempi e-Iran?” - yibeke ngokungaqondile: “Ngo-2003, kwakuyi-Iraq. Ngo-2019, yi-Iran. ”
Ngeshwa, eminyakeni engu-16 engenele, ukutholakala kwe-American yase-Iraq akuzange kwenziwe ngcono kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekile, ama-Iraqis ngokwabo ayengekho esenzweni. Uma, isibonelo, umphakathi waseMelika uzwa ukuthi abafundi besifazane edolobheni lesibili elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Iraq, uMosul, baqhuma kakhulu ibhomu futhi babuyiselwa ku-ISIS ngo-2017, ziye zahlelwa ukubuyisela emashalofini omtapo wolwazi owaziwayo eYunivesithi yaseMosul, lapho izikhali ze-ISIS zibeka umlilo ngesikhathi sisebenza kulo muzi; noma ukuthi abathengisi nabamemezeli bavuselelaImakethe yeBaghdad eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke eMetanabbi Street, ebhujiswe ibhomu elilimazayo e-2007; noma kanjani, njalo ngo-September, amashumi ezinkulungwane yabantu abasha manje bahlangana kulo lonke elase-Iraq ukugubha uSuku Lokuthula - umkhosi owaqala eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili eyedlule eBaghdad njengengqondo kaNoof Assi nozakwabo, uZain Mohammed, isishoshovu sokuthula esineminyaka engama-31 futhi ophinde abe ngumnikazi wendawo yokudlela nendawo yokusebenza?
Ngamanye amazwi, okungajwayelekile ukuthi umphakathi we-US ovunyelwe umphakathi we-Iraq owenza impi lapho ubonakala ungenakugwemeka.
U-Assi no-Mohammed abajwayele ukujwayela nje izwe elizweni lethu, kepha iqiniso lokuthi ama-Iraq awakuthandayo akwenzi lutho ngokuqonda kweMelika. Bahlala bemangale, empeleni, ukuthi abaseMelika bangase babangele ukubhujiswa kanye nobuhlungu kuleli zwe abaqhubeka bekwazi kangako.
"Eminyakeni edlule, ngaya e-United States ohlelweni lokushintshanisa futhi ngathola ukuthi abantu babengazi lutho ngathi. Omunye wangicela ukuthi ngisebenzise ikamela, "kusho u-Assi. "Ngakho ngabuyela e-Iraq futhi ngacabanga ukuthi: Yima! Kufanele sitshele umhlaba ngathi. "
Ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ngikhulume no-Assi noMahammad ngokwehlukana ngocingo ngesiNgisi mayelana nokusongela komunye umpi wase-US eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye neminyaka engamashumi amabili emisebenzi yokuthula ehlose ukuqeda ubudlova obwenziwa yizimpi ezimbili zokugcina zase-United States ezweni labo . Ngezansi, ngihlele futhi ngidlulisa izingxoxo zabaxoxwa balaba bahlobo ababili ukuze abaseMelika bangabe bezwa amazwi ambalwa avela e-Iraq, bexoxa indaba yokuphila kwabo nokuzibophezela kwabo ekuthuleni ukuthula phakathi neminyaka emva kokuhlasela kwezwe labo ku-2003.
Laura Gottesdiener:Yini okuphefumulelwe ukuba uqale ukwenza umsebenzi wokuthula?
UZain Mohammed:Ekupheleni kwe-2006, ngoDisemba 6th, i-al-Qaeda- [e-Iraq, umlandeli we-ISIS] wabulala ubaba wami. Singumndeni omncane: mina nomama wami nodadewethu ababili. Amathuba ami ayenganiselwe kokubili okukhethwa kukho. Ngangineminyaka engu-19 ubudala. Ngisanda kuqeda isikole esiphakeme. Ngakho isinqumo sasithi: Kwakudingeka ngihambe noma ngifanele ngibe yingxenye yesimiso sempi futhi ngiziphindiselele. Yileyo ndlela yokuphila eBaghdad ngaleso sikhathi. Sathuthela eDamaseku [eSiriya]. Ngemva kwalokho, ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, lapho izincwadi zethu sezikulungele ukuthuthela eCanada, ngatshela umama wami, "Ngifuna ukubuyela eBaghdad. Angifuni ukubalekela. "
Ngabuyela eBaghdad ngasekupheleni kwe-2007. Kwakukhona ukuqhuma kwamabhomu amakhulu eKarrada, ingxenye yomuzi lapho ngangihlala khona. Mina nabangane bami sanquma ukwenza okuthile ukutshela abangane bethu ukuthi kufanele sisebenze ndawonye ukuze sikhuthaze ukuthula. Ngakho, ngoDisemba 21st, ngoSuku Lokuthula Lwamanye amazwe, sasiba nomcimbi omncane endaweni efanayo nokuqhuma. Ku-2009, ngathola isifundo ku-American University e-Sulaymaniyah ukuze ngifundisane ngokuthula futhi sibheke i-movie ngoSuku Lokuthula. Ekupheleni kwe-movie, kwakukhona ukukhanya kwezigcawu eziningi ezivela emhlabeni wonke futhi, okwesikhashana nje, kube nomcimbi wethu eKarrada. Le movie yayimangalisa kimi. Kwakuwumyalezo. Ngabuyela eBaghdad futhi ngakhuluma nomunye wabangane bami owabulawa uyise. Ngamtshela ukuthi kuhleliwe: Uma engumShiite, uzoqashwa ngabasosha baseShiite ngokuphindisela; uma engumSunni, uzobanjwa yizikhulu zeSunni noma i-al-Qaeda ukuziphindiselela. Ngamtshela: kumele senze ukhetho lwesithathu. Ngendlela yesithathu, ngangisho noma iyiphi inketho ngaphandle kokulwa noma ukuhamba.
Ngikhuluma noNoof futhi wathi kumele siqoqe intsha futhi sihlele umhlangano. "Kodwa yini iphuzu?" Ngambuza. Konke esinakho kwakungomqondo wendlela yesithathu. Uthe: "Kumelwe siqoqe intsha futhi sibe nomhlangano ukunquma ukuthi senzeni."
Noof Assi: Ngesikhathi iBaghdad yakhelwa okokuqala, yayibizwa ngokuthi uMuzi Wokuthula. Lapho siqala ukukhuluma nabantu, wonke umuntu wasihleka. Umkhosi wokuThuthukiswa koMuzi eBaghdad? Ngeke kwenzeke, bathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungekho izenzakalo, akukho okwenzeka emapaki omphakathi.
I-Zain:Wonke umuntu uthe: uyahlanya, sisesempini…
I-Noof:Sasingenayo imali, ngakho sanquma ukukhanyisa amakhandlela, simi emgwaqweni, futhi sitshele abantu ukuthi iBaghdad ibizwa ngokuthi uMuzi Wokuthula. Kodwa-ke sakhula sibe iqembu labantu abazungeze i-50, ngakho-ke sakha umkhosi omncane. Sinebhajethi ye-zero. Sasiba izinto zokubhala ezivela ehhovisi lethu futhi sisebenzisa iphrinta lapho.
Sabe sesicabanga ukuthi: Kulungile, senze iphuzu, kodwa angicabangi ukuthi abantu bazofuna ukuqhubeka. Kodwa lo mfana wabuyela kithi wathi, "Sikujabulele. Masenze futhi futhi. "
Laura:Umkhosi ukhule kanjani kusukela ngaleso sikhathi?
I-Noof:Ngonyaka wokuqala, abantu abafika ku-500 beza futhi iningi lawo laliyizihlobo zethu noma izihlobo zethu. Manje, abantu be-20,000 baya emkhosini. Kodwa umqondo wethu awugcini nje ngomkhosi, kungenxa yezwe esiyidala ngalo mkhosi. Senza konke okuvela ekuqaleni. Ngisho nemihlobiso: kukhona iqembu elenza ukuhlobisa ngesandla.
I-Zain: Ku-2014, sazizwa imiphumela yokuqala lapho i-ISIS futhi lokhu kwenzeka khona futhi, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, ezingeni lezenhlalo, amaqembu amaningi aqala ukusebenza ndawonye, eqoqa imali nezingubo kubantu abafuduka ngaphandle. Wonke umuntu wayesebenza ndawonye. Kwakuzwakala njengokukhanya.
I-Noof:Manje, umkhosi kwenzeka eBasra, eSamawah, Diwaniyah naseBaghdad. Futhi sithemba ukwandisa kuNajaf no-Sulaymaniyah.Ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili edlule, sisebenze ukudala i-hub yokuqala yentsha e-Baghdad, i-IQ Peace Centre, eyakha amakilasi ahlukene: i-jazz club, i-chess club, iklabhu yezilwane, iqembu lokubhala. Sasibe neqembu labesifazane nabamantombazane ukuxoxa ngezinkinga zabo ngaphakathi kwedolobha.
I-Zain:Sinezinselele eziningi zezezimali ngoba sasiyinhlangano yentsha. Asibange-NGO ebhalisiwe [inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni] futhi sasingafuni ukusebenza njenge-NGO evamile.
Laura:Kuthiwani ngeminye imizamo yokuthula edolobheni?
I-Noof:Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, siqale ukubona ukunyakaza okuningi okuzungeze iBaghdad. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi ebona abadlali abahlomile kuphela, izimpi namasosha, abantu abasha bafuna ukwakha esinye isithombe somuzi. Ngakho-ke, manje, sinokuhamba okuningi ezungeze imfundo, impilo, ukuzijabulisa, ezemidlalo, ama-marathons, amaqembu ezincwadi. Kukhona inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi "Ngingu-Iraqi, engingayifunda." Umkhosi omkhulu wezincwadi. Ukushintshanisa noma ukuthatha izincwadi kukhululekile kuwo wonke umuntu futhi baletha abalobi nabalobi ukuba basayine izincwadi.
Laura:Lokhu akuyona impela into engiyicabanga ukuthi abaningi baseMelika bakhumbula lapho becabanga ngeBaghdad.
I-Noof: Ngelinye ilanga, mina noZain sasibhorekile ehhovisi, ngakho-ke saqala iGoogling izithombe ezihlukile. Sithe, "Masibe yiGoogle Iraq." Futhi kwakuyizithombe zempi. SaGoogled Baghdad: Into efanayo. Sibe sesibheka okuthile - sidumile emhlabeni wonke - iBhubesi laseBabiloni [umfanekiso wasendulo], futhi esikutholile kwakuyisithombe sethangi laseRussia elakhiwa i-Iraq ngesikhathi sikaSaddam [Hussein] ababiza ngokuthi yiNgonyama yaseBabiloni.
Ngingu-Iraq futhi nginguMesopotamiya ngalomlando omude. Sakhulile siphila edolobheni elidala futhi lapho yonke indawo, yonke idolobha odlulayo, inomlando kuwo, kodwa abezindaba bamazwe ngamazwe akhulumi ngalokho okwenzekayo kulawo magwaqo. Bagxila kulokho osopolitiki abakushoyo bese beyeka konke okunye. Ababonisi isithombe sangempela sezwe.
Laura:Ngifuna ukukubuza ngokungezwani okukhulayo phakathi kwe-United States ne-Iran, nokuthi abantu base-Iraq baphendula kanjani. Ngiyazi ukuthi unezinkinga zakho zangaphakathi, ngakho-ke noma yini iTwitter tweets ngosuku olunikeziwe kungenzeka kungabi yizindaba ezinkulu kuwe…
I-Noof:Ngeshwa, kunjalo.
Ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2003, ama-Iraq bekungasibo abalawula izwe lethu. Ngisho nohulumeni manje, asimfuni, kepha akekho owake wasibuza. Sisakhokha ngegazi lethu ngenkathi ngifunda udaba ngalokhu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule - uPaul Bremer manje ufundisa ukushushuluza futhi uphila impilo yakhe elula ngemuva kokucekela phansi izwe lethu. [Ngo-2003, abaphathi bakaBush baqoka uBremer oyinhloko yeCoalition Provisional Authority, eyayiphethe i-Iraq ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe-US futhi eyayiphethe isinqumo esinezinhlekelele sokuhlakaza ibutho likaSaddam Hussein owayengumbusi wase-Iraq.]
Laura:Ucabanga ngani ngezindaba ukuthi i-US ihlela ukuhambisa amasosha amaningi e-1,500 eMpumalanga Ephakathi?
I-Zain: Uma bephela beza e-Iraq, lapho sinamabutho amaningi ase-Iran, nginovalo lokuthi kungase kube nokushayisana. Angifuni ukushayisana. Empi phakathi kwe-United States ne-Iran, mhlawumbe amanye amasosha ayobulawa, kodwa izakhamizi eziningi zase-Iraq ziyoba, futhi, ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile. Ngokuthembeka, konke okwenzekile kusukela ku-2003 kuyangimanga kimi. Kungani ama-United States ahlasela i-Iraq? Bese bathi bafuna ukuhamba futhi manje bafuna ukubuya? Angikwazi ukuqonda ukuthi i-United States yenzani.
I-Noof:I-Trump ngumabhizinisi, ngakho uyakhathalela ngemali nokuthi uzoyisebenzisa kanjani. Ngeke enze okuthile ngaphandle uma eqiniseka ukuthi uzothola okuthile ngokubuyisela.
Laura:Lokho kungikhumbuza indlela iTrump esetshenziselwa ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo esifundeni ukuze kudlule iCongress futhi phokoza i-$ 8 billion izikhali ezisebenzisana ne-Saudi Arabia kanye ne-United Arab Emirates.
I-Noof:Ngokuqondile. Ngisho, wayecela i-Iraq ukuthi ikhokhele i-United States emuva ngezindleko zemisebenzi yase-US e-Iraq! Ungacabanga? Ngakho yileyo ndlela acabanga ngayo.
Laura:Phakathi kwalezi zingxabano ezikhulayo, uthini umyalezo wakho ekuphathweni kukaTrump - nakumphakathi waseMelika?
I-Zain:Kuhulumeni wase-US, ngingasho ukuthi, kuyo yonke impi, noma unganqoba, ulahlekelwa okuthile: imali, abantu, izakhamizi, izindaba… Kufanele sibheke olunye uhlangothi lwempi. Futhi ngineqiniso lokuthi singenza esikufunayo ngaphandle kwempi. Okomphakathi wase-US: Ngicabanga ukuthi umyalezo wami ungukulwa nempi, noma kuliwa nempi yezomnotho.
I-Noof:Kuhulumeni wase-US ngingabaxoxela: sicela ucabangele ibhizinisi lakho. Shiya lonke izwe kuphela. Kubantu baseMelika ngangibaxoxela: Ngiyaxolisa, ngiyazi ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ezweni eliqhutshwa yiTrump. Ngangihlala ngaphansi kombuso kaSaddam. Ngisakhumbula. Nginomuntu osebenza naye, ungumMelika, futhi uTurump usuku lwakhe wanqoba ukhetho wangena ehhovisi ekhala. Futhi mina nomSiriya sasisehhovisi naye futhi samtshela: "Sisekhona ngaphambili. Uyosinda. "
NgoSeptemba 21st, Noof Assi, Zain Mohammed, kanye nezinkulungwane zabanye abase-Iraqi abasha bayothatha indawo epaki ngasemfuleni iTigris ukugubha iBaghdad City of Peace Carnival ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili. E-United States, okwamanje, ngokuqinisekile sizobe siphila ngaphansi kwezinsongo zokuphepha zeTrump cishe zonke nsuku zonke (uma kungezona impi ngokwazo) ne-Iran, iVenezuela, eNyakatho Korea, futhi unkulunkulu uyazi ukuthi yikuphi okunye. I-poll yamuva yombukiso we-Reuters / Ipsos yomphakathi imibukiso ukuthi abantu baseMelika baya ngokuya bebona enye impi eMpumalanga Ephakathi njengengagwemeki, kanti ngaphezu kwengxenye yalabo abavotiwe bathi “kungenzeka kakhulu” noma “kungenzeka” izwe labo lizolwa ne-Iran “eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.” Kepha njengoba uNoof noZain bazi kahle, kuhlale kunokwenzeka ukuthola enye inketho…
ULaura Gottesdiener, a TomDispatch Njalo, ungumaphephandaba wezokuzimela kanye nomuntu wangaphambili Intando yeningi Manje! umkhiqizi okwamanje usekelwe enyakatho yeLebanon.
