Ibhalwe nguPieter Bobabili kanye noWim Zwijnenburg
Impi yombango eqhubekayo yaseSyria isivele ibangele ngaphezu kwezilinganiso zokufa kwabantu abayizi-120,000 (okuhlanganisa cishe nezingane eziyi-15,000) futhi ilethe ukucekelwa phansi okukhulu emadolobheni nasemadolobheni ezweni lonke. Ngaphandle komthelela oqondile wezingxabano ezinodlame ezimpilweni zezakhamizi zaseSyria, imithelela yezempilo nemvelo ivela njengezinkinga ezinkulu ezidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha nangesikhathi eside.
Impi yombango yaseSyria ishiya ngemuva umkhondo onobuthi ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile okubangelwa ukungcoliswa kwezempi nhlangothi zonke. Izinsimbi ezisindayo ezikhalini zezikhali, izinsalela ezinobuthi ezivela ezikhalini namanye amabhomu, ukucekelwa phansi kwezakhiwo nemithombo yamanzi, ukuqondiswa kwezindawo zezimboni kanye nokuphangwa kwezindawo zamakhemikhali konke kunomthelela emiphumeleni emibi yesikhathi eside emiphakathini ehlushwa yimpi. Izinga lemisebenzi yezempi eSyria eminyakeni emithathu edlule liphakamisa ukuthi ukungcola kanye nokungcoliswa okungaqondile kuzoba nefa lesikhathi eside elinobuthi emvelweni futhi kungaba nomthelela ezinkingeni zempilo yomphakathi ezisabalele eminyakeni ezayo. Phakathi nodlame olude, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuhlola ububanzi obugcwele bezingozi empilweni yabantu neyemvelo kulo lonke elase-Syria okwakhiwa izinto ezinobuthi noma ze-radiological eziwumphumela wezikhali nemisebenzi yezempi. Kodwa-ke, imephu yokuqala njengengxenye yocwaningo olusha lweSyria olwenziwe ngamaDashi, inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni egxile ekuthuleni. PAX iveza uhlu lwezinkinga ezindaweni ezithile.
Ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kwezikhali ezinkulu ekuvinjezelweni isikhathi eside kwamadolobha anjengeHoms ne-Aleppo kuhlakaze izikhali ezahlukahlukene ezinezinto ezinobuthi ezaziwayo njengezinsimbi ezisindayo, izinsalela eziqhumayo ezivela emikhakheni yezibhamu, odakeni kanye nezikhali zasekhaya eziqukethe izinto ezaziwayo ze-carcinogenic njenge. I-TNT, kanye nama-rocket propellants anobuthi avela kuhlu lwemicibisholo eyethulwe yibutho laseSyria kanye namabutho aphikisayo.
Izibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu, ezibizwa ngokuthi “amabhomu emiphongolo,” ziqukethe amakhulukhulu wamakhilogremu ezinto ezinobuthi, ezinamandla, ezivame ukungaqhumi futhi ezingaholela ekungcoleni kwendawo uma zingahlanzwa kahle. Ngokufanayo, ukwenziwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezikhali zezikhali ezindaweni eziphethwe amavukela-mbuso kubandakanya ukuphathwa kwengxubevange yamakhemikhali anobuthi, edinga ubungcweti obuchwepheshile kanye nezindawo zokusebenza eziphephile ngokuvamile ezingekho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zezikhali ze-DIY ze-Free Syrian Army. I ukuzibandakanya kwezingane ekuqoqeni izinto ezilahliwe nasezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kubangela izingozi ezinkulu zempilo. Engeza kulokhu ingozi yokuchayeka ezintweni zokwakha ezigayiwe, ezingase zibe ne-asbestos nokunye ukungcola. Izinhlayiya zothuli ezinobuthi zingahogela noma zimunce njengoba zivame ukuphelela ezindlini, emanzini nasemifino. Ezindaweni ezifana neDolobha Elidala laseHoms elicekeleke phansi, lapho abantu abangenamakhaya sebeqalile ukubuya, ukwakha imfucumfucu nothuli olunobuthi kusuka eziqhumeni kusabalele, kuveza umphakathi wendawo kanye nabasebenzi bosizo ezingozini zezempilo ezingaba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabikho kwe ukuphathwa imfucuza ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezihlaselwe udlame kuvimbela imiphakathi ekukhipheni izinto ezinobuthi ezindaweni ezihlala kuyo ezingaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yayo yesikhathi eside.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inhlekelele yemvelo kanye nezempilo yomphakathi ibonakala ngokuqhubekayo ezifundeni ezikhiqiza uwoyela eSyria, lapho imboni kawoyela engekho emthethweni isidlondlobala manje, okuholela kumavukelambuso angenamakhono kanye nezakhamuzi ezisebenza ngezinto eziyingozi. Izinqubo zokuqala zokumba kanye nokucwengisiswa kwamaqembu endawo ezindaweni eziphethwe amavukela-mbuso kubangela ukusabalala kwamagesi anobuthi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomhlabathi emiphakathini yendawo. Ngentuthu nothuli olusakazwa imisebenzi engalawulwa, engcolile yokumba nokucwengisiswa, kanye nokuvuza okungcolisa amanzi ayivelakancane angaphansi komhlaba endaweni ngokwesiko okuyindawo yezolimo, ukungcoliswa kwezindawo zokuhluza okungcolile kubhebhetheka ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezizungezile. Kakade, imibiko evela kwizishoshovu zendawo ixwayisa ngezifo ezihlobene nowoyela ezibhebhetheka e-Deir ez-Zour. Ngokusho kukadokotela wendawo, “izifo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukukhwehlela okungapheli kanye nokushiswa kwamakhemikhali okungase kubangele izimila.” Esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, izakhamuzi esifundeni ezithintwe yilezi zinkinga zibhekana nezingozi ezinkulu zokuchayeka esisi esinobuthi kuyilapho izindawo ezinkulu zingase zingalungeli ezolimo.
Namanje akukacaci kulesi sigaba sokuqala socwaningo lwethu imiphumela engase ibe khona yokusiza abantu nemvelo yokukhomba izindawo zezimboni nezempi kanye neziqongo. Idolobha lezimboni iSheikh Najjar, okuyikhaya lezinkulungwane zabantu Abadilizwe Ngaphakathi abavela eduze kwase-Aleppo, libe nezimpi ezinzima phakathi kukahulumeni namavukelambuso. Ingozi yokuchayeka kwezakhamuzi ezintweni ezinobuthi ezigciniwe endaweni enjalo iyimbangela yokukhathazeka, kungaba ukuqondiswa kwezindawo ezikuleyo ndawo noma ababaleki bephoqwa ukuba bahlale endaweni eyingozi.
Umthelela wezingxabano ezinodlame kwezempilo kanye nemvelo ufanelwe ngokuphuthumayo indima egqame kakhulu ekuhloleni imiphumela yesikhathi eside yezimpi, kokubili ngokombono wezempi mayelana nezinyathelo ezinobuthi zezikhali ezithile ezivamile kanye nombono wokuhlola wangemva kokungqubuzana, okufanele kuhlanganise nokuqwashisa okwengeziwe mayelana nokuvikela nokuqapha impilo kanye nemvelo.
-Ukuphela-
U-Pieter Bobabili usebenza njengomcwaningi wenhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni wase-Dutch i-PAX mayelana nezinsalela ezinobuthi zempi e-Syria futhi une-MA ku-Conflict Studies namalungelo Abantu. U-Wim Zwijnenburg usebenza njengoMholi Wohlelo Lwezokuphepha Nokwehliswa kwezikhali we-PAX. Isihloko esibhalelwe Ukuqonda Ngokungqubuzanafuthi isatshalaliswe ngu PeaceVoice.
