I-X ebomvu ikhombisa indawo yokuQeqesha uMlilo eNaral Research Laboratory - eChesapeake Bay Detachment. I-X eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yindawo ye-oyster evivinywa yi-Town of Chesapeake Beach.
NguPat Elder, Mil MilPoisons.org, Agasti 12, 2021
IDolobha laseChesapeake likhiphe imiphumela yokuhlolwa eyethusayo ngo-Agasti 10, 2021 ye-PFAS kuma-oysters, inhlanzi kanye nodaka lwendle. I-ppt ephansi kune-1,060 ye-PFAS ebikiwe kuma-oysters yayethusa ngoba ama-bivalve ahlolwe ayevela endaweni eyi-23 miles, kwenye yezindawo ezihlanzekile zemvelo eChesapeake Bay. Khonamanjalo, ibhakede labanjwa ngamamitha ayi-1,000 9,470 ukusuka osebeni lweNaval Research Laboratory - iChesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL-CBD) kwatholakala ukuthi liqukethe ama-ppt angu-2,450 20 ama-poison, kuyilapho i-rockfish yayinama-XNUMX ppt. Izifundazwe eziningi zikhawulela i-PFAS emanzini okuphuza ibe yi-XNUMX ppt, yize iMaryland ingazilawuli izinto.
Ukuphakelwa okuncane kwephekhi ethosiwe kusuka eChesapeake Bay kungalinganisa ama-ounces ama-4 noma ama-gram ayi-113. Uma ifayili lezinhlanzi liqukethe izingxenye ezingama-9,470 ngezigidigidi ze-PFAS, lezo zingxenye eziyi-9.47 ngezigidigidi, okufana nama-nanograms ayi-9.47 ngegremu ngalinye. (ng / g)
Ngakho-ke, 9.47 ng / gx 113 g = 1,070 ng. Ukukhonzwa kwe-4-ounce kuqukethe ama-nanograms we-1,070 we-PFAS. Sizothi ama-ounces ama-4 ale nhlanzi emnandi anikezwa ingane eneminyaka emihlanu enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50.
I-European Food Safety Authority (i-EFSA) ibeke iTolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) yengane enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50 (ama-22.6 kilos) kuma-nanograms ayi-100 ngesonto amakhemikhali amane e-PFAS, kufaka phakathi iPFOS.
Ama-ounces amane we-perch aqukethe i-1,070 ng ye-PFAS iphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kune-European masonto onke umkhawulo wengane yethu. I-perch inobuthi. Ngeke ibulale ingane, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi iyigulise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Iminyango Yezempilo Nezemvelo eMaryland ayikhathazeki ngabaseMaryland abadla lobu shevu obuningi engxenyeni encane kangaka yezinhlanzi. Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abangakhulelwa akufanele badle ibhakede elibanjwe eduze kakhulu neNavy Naval Laboratory - iChesapeake Bay Detachment. Kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi akufanele badle noma iyiphi inhlanzi kusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo ethekwini - futhi akekho omunye umuntu okufanele akwenze.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ekhishwe yiTown of Chesapeake Beach iphinde ikhombise ukuthi amanzi "okuhanjiswa" endle akhishwa njalo ethekwini elisuka edolobheni kutholakale ukuthi aqukethe ama-506.9 ppt "amakhemikhali angunaphakade". I-Perfluoropentanoic Acid (PFPeA), owezempi / osebenza ngezimboni ubangele ukungcola okuningi. IChesapeake Beach nayo ithola ithonya eDolobheni laseNorth Beach, nengxenye encane yesifunda sase-Anne Arundel eseningizimu. Zonke izinhlobo ze-PFAS kucatshangwa ukuthi ziyingozi, kuyilapho indlela eyinhloko yokungenisa komuntu kungukudla izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezivela emanzini angcolile.
Idolobha laseChesapeake Beach likhiphe lesi sitatimende:
“Agasti 10, 2021 (Chesapeake Beach, MD) - Idolobha laseChesapeake Beach liyaqhubeka nokusebenzisana noMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland kanye noMbutho Wezasolwandle wase-United States mayelana nemizamo yokunciphisa eNavy Research Laboratory - eChesapeake Bay Detachment.
NgoMeyi ka-2021, iDolobha lamemezela ukuthi amanzi okuphuza eDolobha awanamkhondo we-per-and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS). Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kuyo yonke imithombo yokuphuza yaseTown, edonswa ku-Aquia Aquifer.
Ngaphezu kokuhlola amanzi okuphuza aleli Dolobha, iDolobha selithathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuhlola amanzi okubhukuda aseThekwini, impilo yasendaweni yasemanzini kanye nomfucumfucu waseChesapeake Beach Water Reclamation (WRTP) wezinto ze-per-and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS). ”
Yize leli dolobha lithi lihlolwe “impilo yasemanzini yasendaweni”, umbiko we-oyster olungiselelwe yi-Eurofins Environment Testing America, wangomhla ka-8/4/21, wawuhlanganisa izixhumanisi ze-GPS ezingama-3842.084. 7630.601 ekhomba indawo yetheku etholakala ngamamayela angama-23 SSE ukusuka eChesapeake Beach, ibanga eli-1 ukusuka eSt. Isiza cishe siyi-5.5 empumalanga yeCove Point Light House futhi sithathwa njengenye yezindawo ezihlonishwa kakhulu esifundeni saseChesapeake. Bona i- Umbiko we-Eurofins Oyster ekhishwe yidolobha.
IRockfish nePherch kwaqoqwa ku-3865.722, 7652.5429, etholakala cishe ngamamitha ayi-1,000 XNUMX ogwini lolwandle ukusuka kwi-NRL-CBD. Bona i- Umbiko we-Eurofins Fish ekhishwe yidolobha.
Okungajwayelekile, imibiko ye-oyster nenhlanzi elungiselelwe ama-Eurofins yenziwa egameni leklayenti:
UNTANGA
8200 Bayside Rd.
I-Chesapeake, eMaryland 20732
Attn: UHolly Wahl
I-PEER iyashoda ngabasebenzi bakaHulumeni be-Environmental Responsibility, okuyinhlangano ehamba phambili kwezemvelo ezinze eSilver Spring, eMaryland evikela izimpempe futhi ekhanyisa ngezenzo zikahulumeni ezingekho emthethweni. UTim Whitehouse, uMqondisi Omkhulu we-PEER uthe i-ejensi yakhe "ibingabandakanyeki" ekuthumeleni lo mbiko.
IDolobha laseChesapeake Beach lithi "liyaqhubeka nokusebenzisana noMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland kanye noMbutho Wezasolwandle waseMelika mayelana nemizamo yokunciphisa eNavy Research Laboratory - eChesapeake Bay Detachment" futhi lokhu kucace bha.
Ngokudabukisayo, akekho owanciphisa amakhemikhali asemvelweni. Esikhundleni salokho, bazama ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka komphakathi maqondana nokungcola kweNavy kweChesapeake Bay. Ukunciphisa i-DOD kungumqondo olayishiwe. Ilayisensi yobuthi litholakala ngenkulumo-ze ephoqelelayo, eqhubekayo, nephumelelayo.
Ngenkathi kubikwa amazinga aphezulu e-PFAS emanzini aseSt. yengamela umbuso ukuhlanzwa kwesiza yoMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland, uphakamise ukuthi ukungcoliswa emfuleni, "uma kukhona", kungaba nomunye umthombo. Amakhemikhali avame ukutholakala ezindaweni okulahlwa kuzo udoti, waphawula, kanye nakuma-biosolids nasezindaweni lapho iminyango yomlilo yomphakathi ifafaze khona igwebu.
Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma okusondele kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuqhubekayo kwegwebu lokucisha umlilo elisebenza nge-PFAS esisekelweni kungamamayela ayi-11 ngenkathi i-firehouse yekhabethe liqhele ngamamayela we-5.
"Ngakho-ke, kunemithombo eminingi engaba khona," kusho uMay. "Sisanda kuqala ukuzibheka zonke lezo." Futhi basekuqaleni.
Isikhulu esiphezulu sezemvelo eMaryland simboza i-DOD. I-Navy yabe isibika i-84,756 ppt ye-PFAS emanzini angaphansi komhlaba eWebster Field, ilibangise emfuleni.
Kunobufakazi obengeziwe bokuqothuka kweMadganis mayelana nePFAS empilweni yasemanzini yaseChesapeake. NgoSepthemba 2020, uMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland (MDE) wakhipha umbiko onesihloko esithi “St. UMary's River Pilot Study of PFAS Events in Surface Water kanye nama-Oysters. ” (Isifundo Sokulinga I-PFAS) ehlaziye amazinga e-per-and poly fluoroalkyl izinto (PFAS) emanzini olwandle kanye nama-oysters. Ngokuqondile, iPFAS Pilot Study yaphetha ngokuthi yize iPFAS ikhona emanzini olwandle iSt. Mary's River, izingqinamba “zingaphansi kakhulu kwezinqubo zokuhlola ezokungcebeleka ezisuselwa engcupheni kanye nenqubo yokuhlonza indawo oyster.”
Ngenkathi lo mbiko wenza lezi ziphetho ezibanzi, izindlela zokuhlaziya kanye nesisekelo sezinqubo zokuhlola ezisetshenziswa yi-MDE ziyangabazeka, okuholela ekudukiseni umphakathi, futhi kunikeze umqondo wokuphepha okhohlisayo nowamanga.
Isiphetho se-MDE ifinyelela ngaphezulu ekutholeni okufanelekile ngokuya ngemininingwane yangempela eqoqiwe futhi isilela kumazinga ezamukelekayo ezesayensi nezimboni ezingxenyeni ezithile. Isifundo sePFAS Pilot Study sahlola futhi sabika ngokuba khona kwePFAS kuzicubu ze-oyster. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa yi-Alpha Analytical Laboratory yaseMansfield, eMassachusetts.
Izivivinyo ezenziwa yi-Alpha Analytical Laboratory zazinomkhawulo wokuthola ama-oysters ku-microgram eyodwa ngekhilogremu elilodwa (1 /g / kg) elingana nengxenye eyodwa esigidini ngasinye, noma izingxenye eziyinkulungwane ngesigidigidi ngasinye. (ppt.) Ngenxa yalokho, njengoba kutholakala inhlanganisela ngayinye ye-PFAS ngawodwana, indlela yokuhlaziya esetshenzisiwe yehlulekile ukuthola noma iyiphi i-PFAS ekhona engaphansi kwezingxenye ze-1 nge-trillion ngayinye. Ukuba khona kwe-PFAS kuyengeza; ngakho-ke, amanani ekhompiyutha ngayinye ayengezwa ukufika enanini eliphelele le-PFAS elikhona kusampula. Ukugxila kungadlula izinkulungwane eziningana zezingxenye ngesigidigidi ngasinye sobuthi ku-oyster ngenkathi umbuso ubika "No Detect".
I-MDE imboza iNavy ngenkathi iDolobha laseChesapeake Beach lingenamthandazo noma ngabe lithathe isinqumo sokuba ngumdlali othembekile.
Ngezansi kunokutholwe ocwaningweni lwe-oyster nezinhlanzi, kulandelwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-PFAS yi-Pace Analytical yamanzi angcolile avela eChesapeake Beach Water Reclamation Treatment Plant, (WRTP). Amanzi ahlanzekile athululelwa ethekwini ngemuva kokuphathwa. Amakhemikhali e-PFAS awasuswa kokungcola kwenqubo yokwelashwa.
ukhwathu
I-PFOA - I-Perfluorooctanoic acid 180 ppt JB *
I-PFOS - I-Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 470 ppt J
I-PFOSA - Perfluorooctanesulfonamide 410 ppt J
Ingqikithi engu-1,060
===========
I-Perch
I-PFOS - I-Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid 7,400 ppt
PFOA - Perfluorooctanoic acid) 210 ppt JB
I-PFNA Perfluorononanoic acid) i-770 ppt
I-PFDA Perfluorodecanoic acid) 370 ppt JB
I-PFHxS Perfluorohexane sulfonate) 210 ppt J
PFUnDA Perfluoroundecanoic acid) 510 ppt J
Ingqikithi ye-9,470 ppt
==========
I-Rockfish (i-Striped Bass)
I-PFOS - Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1,200 ppt
I-PFHxA - Perfluorohexanoic acid 220 ppt JB
PFOA - I-Perfluorooctanoic acid 260 ppt JB
I-PFDA - Perfluorodecanoic acid 280 ppt JB
I-PFOSA - Perfluorooctanesulfonamide 200 ppt J
PFUnDA - Perfluoroundecanoic acid 290 ppt J
Ingqikithi ye-2,450 ppt
===============
J - ukugxila kuyinani elilinganisiwe; B - i-compound itholakale engenalutho nesampula.
Idolobha LaseChesapeake Beach Water Reclamation Treatment Plant
Imiphumela Ekhanyayo ye-PFAS
Amanzi Aqoqwe 06/10/2021
Ukuhlaziya Pace
I-Chesapeake Beach, MD
Isifinyezo Sokuhlaziywa Kwesampula I-PFAS yiKlayenti le-Isotope Dilution
PFAS Ukugxila
I-PFPeA - I-Perfluoropentanoic acid 350 ppt
I-PFBA - I-Perfluorobutyrate 13
I-PFBS - I-Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 11
I-PFHxA - Perfluorohexanoic acid 110
I-PFHpA - Perfluoroheptanoic acid 6.4
I-PFHxS - I-Perfluorohexane sulfonate 2.3
I-PFOA - I-Perfluorooctanoic acid 11
I-PFOS - Perfluorooctanesulfonic 3.2
Ingqikithi ye-506.9 ppt
==============
NgoMeyi 2021, uNavy wamemezela ukuthi indawo ye-NRL-CBD inamazinga e-PFAS enhlabathini engaphansi edlula izingxenye eziyizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili ngethriliyoni, mhlawumbe amazinga aphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Umthamo wokungcola kungenzeka uqinisekise ukungcoliswa okuqhubekayo kwesifunda izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Umfudlana oshiya isisekelo utholakale une-8 ppt yama-poison ngenkathi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba etholwa ekugxileni kwe-5,464 ppt. Ukungcola kwenhlabathi, amanzi angaphezulu, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba cishe kwakusuka ngokuphelele ku-PFOS, ngokungangabazeki ukuhlukahluka okubulala kakhulu kwe-PFAS. UMnyango Wezemvelo waseWisconsin uthi impilo yabantu isengozini lapho amanzi angaphezulu kwe-171,000 ppt ye-PFOS, ngenxa yemvelo yokuqoqwa kwe-PFOS ezinhlanzini. Amazwe amaningi anciphisa amazinga wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba abe yi-2 ppt, yize kungenjalo eMaryland.
