Amacala okuhlukumeza abhekiswe e-US Acutshungulwa yiNkantolo Yobugebengu Yamazwe Ngamazwe

NguJohn LaForge

Amasosha aseMelika kanye neCIA kungenzeka benze ubugebengu bempi ngokuhlukumeza iziboshwa e-Afghanistan nakwezinye izindawo, kusho umshushisi omkhulu we-International Criminal Court embikweni wakamuva, ephakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izakhamizi zase-US zingabekwa amacala.

"Amalungu ezempi yase-US abonakala ebeke okungenani abantu abangu-61 ababoshiwe ukuba bahlukunyezwe, baphathwe ngesihluku, bathukuthele ngesithunzi sabo endaweni yase-Afghanistan phakathi kuka-1 May 2003 no-31 December 2014," ngokusho kwesitatimende. Nov. 14 umbiko we-ICC ekhishwe yihhovisi likaMshushisi Omkhulu uFatou Bensouda eHague.

Umbiko uthi izisebenzi ze-CIA kungenzeka ukuthi zafaka okungenani iziboshwa ze-27 emajele ayo ayimfihlo e-Afghanistan, Poland, Romania naseLithuania - "ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuphathwa kabi, ukucasula isithunzi somuntu siqu" kuhlanganise nokudlwengulwa, phakathi kukaDisemba 2002 no-March 2008. Abantu bathunjwa. ngamabutho ase-US e-Afghanistan adluliselwa emajele ayimfihlo e-CIA, ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi "izindawo ezimnyama" lapho iziboshwa zaziboshelwa khona ophahleni, "ziboshwe ngamaketanga ezindongeni futhi zakhohlwa [eyodwa yezinsuku ze-17] iqhwa zafa phansi kukakhonkolo, futhi zafakwa emanzini. baze baquleka” ngokoMbiko weKomidi Lezobunhloli lika-2014 ohlelweni lokuhlushwa.

Ngomhla ziyisi-9 kuZibandlela 2005, isekela lomkhulumeli woMnyango Wezwe Kusho u-Adam Ereli i-United States izoqhubeka nokunqabela i-Red Cross ukufinyelela iziboshwa ebizibambe ngasese emhlabeni wonke, ithi zingamaphekula angaqinisekiswanga noma yimaphi amalungelo ngaphansi kwe-Geneva Conventions. I-Red Cross yakhala ngokuthi inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuvikela amalungelo abantu eziboshwa, zonke ezifanelwe ukuvikelwa ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wobuntu - imithetho yesivumelwano ebophayo ehlanganisa ukuvinjelwa okuphelele, okungaguquki ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa.

Amazwe angaphezu kuka-120 angamalungu e-ICC, kodwa i-US ayinjalo. Nakuba i-US yenqaba ukujoyina i-Rome Statute yango-2002 eyakha i-ICC futhi yasungula igunya layo, izisebenzi zezempi zase-US kanye namanxusa e-CIA basengabhekana nokushushiswa ngenxa yokuthi amacala abo enziwa ngaphakathi e-Afghanistan, Poland, Romania naseLithuania - wonke amalungu e-ICC.

Igunya le-ICC lingasetshenziswa uma izinsolo zamacala empi zingaphenywa futhi zingashushiswa ohulumeni basekhaya babasolwa. I-Guardian yabika ukuthi “i-ICC iyinkantolo yokugcina ethatha amacala kuphela lapho amanye amazwe engakwazi noma engazimisele ukushushisa.” Ebhala kumagazini weForeign Policy ngo-Okthoba odlule, uDavid Bosco waphawula, “Ihhovisi lomshushisi seliphinde lakhuluma ngezinsolo zokuhlukunyezwa kweziboshwa ngabasebenzi baseMelika phakathi kuka-2003 no-2005 elikholelwa ukuthi i-United States ayizange ixazululwe ngendlela efanele.”

“Wenze unya oluthile”

Umbiko kaBensouda uthi mayelana nezinsolo zobugebengu bezempi base-US, “babengekona ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu abambalwa abangabodwa. Kunalokho, kubonakala sengathi bezibophezele njengengxenye yamasu okuphenya agunyaziwe emzamweni wokukhipha 'ubuhlakani obusebenzisekayo' kwababoshiwe. Ulwazi olutholakalayo luphakamisa ukuthi izisulu zahlukunyezwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngamabomu, nokuthi ubugebengu kusolwa ukuthi benziwa ngesihluku esithile nangendlela eyehlisa isithunzi somuntu esiyisisekelo sezisulu,” Umbiko we-ICC uthi.

AbakwaReuters baphawule ukuthi ikomidi leSenate likhiphe amakhasi angama-500 ezicashunwe embikweni walo futhi lathola ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwenziwa. Izithombe ezisemthethweni zokuhlukumeza ngokusobala ziyicala kangangokuthi amasosha, muva nje ngoFebhuwari 9^th kulo nyaka, wenqaba ukukhipha izithombe ezingu-1,800 ukuthi umphakathi awukaze ubone.

Ukuphathwa kukaGeorge W. Bush, okwathi ukuhlukunyezwa okugunyaziwe nokusetshenziswayo e-Iraq, Afghanistan kanye nekoloni lokujeziswa kwe-offshore e-Guantanamo Bay, yayiphikisana kakhulu ne-ICC, kodwa i-Afghanistan, i-Lithuania, i-Poland ne-Romania wonke angamalungu, okunikeza inkantolo amandla okulawula amacala enziwa kulezo zindawo. Lokhu kungaholela ekushushisweni yezakhamizi zase-US.

Bobabili uMongameli Bush kanye nePhini likaMongameli uDick Cheney banabo waqhosha phambi kwabantu mayelana ne-waterboarding eyayivunyelwe, "isemthethweni," futhi yenziwa kabanzi ngaphansi komyalo wabo igunya. Ebuzwa phakathi nengxoxo kuthelevishini ngalokho akubiza ngokuthi “indlela yokuphenya ethuthukisiwe,” uMnu. Cheney uthe, “ngizophinda futhi ngokushaya kwenhliziyo.”

Ngesikhathi senkulumompikiswano eyinhloko yeRiphabhulikhi uDonald Trump wathi, "Ngizobuya ne-waterboarding futhi ngizobuyisa isihogo esibi kakhulu kune-waterboarding," isitatimende asiphinda izikhathi eziningi. UJenene Michael Hayden, owayengumqondisi wayo yomibili i-CIA ye-NSA, wasabela engxoxweni yethelevishini: “Uma [uTrump] ebengase ayale ukuthi, uma esekuhulumeni, amasosha aseMelika angenqaba ukuthatha isinyathelo. Kudingeka ukuthi ungalandeli umyalo ongekho emthethweni. Lokho kungaba ukwephula yonke imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yezingxabano.” Umongameli okhethiwe uTrump uphinde wanxusa kaningi ukuthi kubulawe amalungu omndeni asolwa ngokuba ngamaphekula. Zombili lezi zenzo zivinjelwe amabhukwana wenkonzo yezempi yase-US kanye nomthetho wesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe, ubugebengu ekugcineni obushushiswa yi-ICC.

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UJohn LaForge, ogunyazwe ngu PeaceVoice, ngu Co-director of Nukewatch, iqembu lokuthula kanye nezobulungiswa bezemvelo eWisconsin, futhi ungumhleli we-Arianne Peterson weNuclear Heartland, ebuyekeziwe: Umhlahlandlela we-450 Land-Based Missiles yase-United States.