Ibhalwe nguDanny Sjursen
Ibuyisiwe kusuka TomDispatch, Juni 29, i-2017
E-Afghanistan yaseMelika, wonke umlando - ikusasa kanye nesikhathi esedlule, okuzokwenzeka, kanye nokwenzekile kule minyaka ecishe ibe ngu-16 yempi. Uke wakuzwa konke ngaphambilini: bekukhona “ukuqubuka” okuhlukahlukene (nakuba kwake kwathengiswa njengezindlela zokunqoba, hhayi nje ukuphula “isithunzi”); kwakukhona abangaphakathi, noma "okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka,” ukuhlasela lapho ama-Afghan ayeqeqesha, eluleka, futhi evame ukuhlonywa yi-US ajikise izikhali zawo kubaluleki babo (izigameko ezimbili ezifana nalezi ngenyanga edlule ziholele ekutheni abathathu befile Amasosha aseMelika kanye abalimele ngaphezulu); kwakukhona ama-Afghan amasosha ayizipoki, amaphoyisa ayizipoki, abafundi abayizipoki, nothisha abayizipoki (bonke abakhona ephepheni kuphela, imali yabo iqoqwe abakhokhi bentela base-US kodwa njalo ephaketheni lomunye umuntu); futhi kwaba khona lolo hlelo lukazwelonke “lokwakha kabusha” olungapheli kudala ephelelwe yisikhathi iMarshall Plan yodumo, eyasiza ukubuyisela yonke iNtshonalanga Yurophu ezinyaweni zayo ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Yayihlanganisa amaphrojekthi we imigwaqo eya ndawo, amagalaji kaphethiloli wakhiwe phakathi nendawo, kanye nalezo zingubo zokufihla ezenziwe yiPentagon, ezenziwe ngephethini yehlathi zebutho lase-Afghan ezweni elinamahlathi angu-2.1% kuphela. (Kuvele ukuthi umklamo wawuthandwa ngungqongqoshe wezokuvikela wase-Afghan wangaleso sikhathi futhi isitatimende sakhe semfashini sabiza abakhokhi bentela baseMelika nje. $ 28 million ngaphezu kwalokho obekungabiza ukukhiqiza eminye imiklamo etholakala mahhala, efaneleke kakhulu.) Futhi lokho, vele, kuwukuqala umgwaqo onamaqhuqhuva wehle ngothelawayeka wase-Afghan waseMelika ubheke ndawo. Ungaze ukhulume nami, isibonelo, mayelana $ 8.5 billion ukuthi i-US ingene emizamweni yokucindezela i-opium ezweni lapho ukuhweba kwezidakamizwa kuchuma khona manje.
Futhi uma kucatshangelwa lokho kuhlasela okuhlulekile, lokho kuhlasela kwangaphakathi okuphindaphindiwe, lawo masosha ayizipoki kanye nemigwaqo eyizipoki kanye nezinhlelo zezidakamizwa eziyisipoki endaweni. ukungqubuzana okude kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika, lowo abantu abaningi kuleli lizwe abaphenduke impi yezipoki (nokuthi akekho noyedwa kwabangenele ukhetho lukamongameli ngo-2016 ngisho baxakwe ukuxoxa emkhankasweni), ucabanga ukuthi ojenene bakaDonald Trump bacabangani uma kukhulunywa ngekusasa?
Ngalokho, ake ngikudlulisele endodeni okwathi, ngo-2011, kwesinye salezo zikhathi zokuhlinzwa, yalwa e-Afghanistan: TomDispatch Njalo UMajor Major Danny Sjursen, umbhali we Ghost Riders of Baghdad: Amasosha, Izakhamuzi, kanye Inganekwane Yokuhlinza. Mvumele akukhumbuze ukuthi leyo mpi yake yabonakala kanjani kusukela phansi nokuthi yiziphi izifundo ezingazange zithathwe ngokucophelela kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho. Akacabangele ukulangazelela kojenene umongameli wethu omusha anabo ceded ukuthathwa kwezinqumo kumazinga wamasosha ase-US e-Afghanistan ukuze… kahle, masingasho “ukuqubuka,” njengoba lelo gama manje linencazelo engeyinhle kangako, kodwa thumela izinkulungwane zamasosha ase-US angena kulelo zwe e… kahle, kuthiwani “ngokuphinda futhi” ngamathemba angathi shí… kahle… ukuqubuka kabusha kweMelika kulelozwe. Tom
Nyathela Ngokucophelela
Ubuwula bokulandelayo kwe-Afghan "Surge"
By UDanny SjursenSahamba ngefayela elilodwa. Hhayi ngoba kwakuzwakala ngobuchule. Kwakungenjalo - okungenani ngokwemfundiso evamile yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukuzulazula eningizimu ye-Afghanistan ngokwakhiwa kwamakholomu ngendlela elinganiselwe yokuqondisa, kwenze kwaba nzima ukudubula ngobuningi, futhi kwasibeka ekuqhumeni kwezibhamu zemishini ezishubile. Noma kunjalo, ngo-2011, esifundeni sasePashmul esifundazweni saseKandahar, ifayela elilodwa laliwukubheja kwethu okuhle kakhulu.
Isizathu sasilula ngokwanele: amabhomu athuthukisiwe hhayi nje emigwaqweni kodwa abonakala yonke indawo. Amakhulu abo, mhlawumbe izinkulungwane. Ubani owayazi?
Kunjalo, i- "Taliban" yasendaweni - igama elingenangqondo kakhulu elahlekile ngokuphelele okusho - ukwazile ukuguqula kakhulu amaqhinga e-US Army ngeziqhumane ezingaphusile, ezenziwe ekhaya igcinwe ezimbanjeni zepulasitiki. Futhi ngikholwe, lokhu bekuyinkinga enkulu. Ishibhile, iyabukeka, futhi kulula ukuyingcwaba, lawo ma-anti-Emprovised Explosive Devices, noma ama-IEDs, asheshe agcwala "imigwaqo," izindlela zezinyawo, nendawo yamapulazi ezungeze indawo yethu esekude eyakhiwe. Ngokwezinga elikhulu kakhulu kunenqwaba yezikhulu ezivumile ngokuzithandela, isitha sikwazile ukuqeda zonke izinzuzo zethu zobuchwepheshe ngamapeni ambalwa ngedola (noma mhlawumbe, ngoba sise ukukhuluma ngakho iPentagon, kwakuyipeni ezigidini zamaRandi).
Iqiniso liyatshelwa, bekungakaze kube mayelana negiya lethu lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Esikhundleni salokho, amayunithi aseMelika aqala ukuthembela ekuqeqeshweni nasekuqeqesheni okuphakeme, kanye initiative and maneuverability, ukuze baphumelele kakhulu abamelene nabo. Futhi nokho lawo ma-IED abulalayo avame ukubonakala ngisho namaphuzu, kuba nzima ukuwathola futhi asebenza ngesihluku. Ngakho-ke sasilapho, ngemva kwezifundo eziningi ezinegazi, sizulazula kumakholomu afana ne-carnival, isitayela sika-Pied Piper. Izinja ezihogela amabhomu ngokuvamile zazihamba phambili, zilandelwa idlanzana lamasosha aphethe imitshina yezimayini, elandelwa ochwepheshe abambalwa beziqhumane. Kwabe sekufika amasosha okuqala ahamba ngezinyawo, izibhamu sezimi ngomumo. Noma yini enye, uma kungekona ukuzibulala, okungenani bekungalulekwa ngendlela engafanele.
Futhi khumbula, indlela yethu ethuthukisiwe nayo ayizange isebenze njalo. Kulabo bethu ababelapho, i-patrol ngayinye yayizizwa njenge- okukhethekile umjikelezo we-roulette yaseRussia. Ngaleyo ndlela, lawo ma-IED ashintsha ngokuphelele indlela esasisebenza ngayo, ukuhamba kancane, ukudikibalisa ukugada okwengeziwe, nokusiqhelelanisa nalokho okwakubhekwa njengokugcina “umklomelo”: abantu bendawo, noma yini esele kubo. Emkhankasweni we-counterinsurgency (COIN), okuyilokho amasosha ase-US ayesebenza e-Afghanistan ngaleyo minyaka, leyo kwakuyincazelo yokwehlulwa.
Izinkinga Zamasu ku-Microcosm
Iyunithi yami ibhekane nenkinga evamile kubantu abaningi - mhlawumbe amakhulu - kwamanye amayunithi aseMelika e-Afghanistan. Wonke ama-patrol ayehamba kancane, enzima, futhi eyingozi. Ukuthambekela okungokwemvelo, uma unendaba nabafana bakho, kwakuwukwenza okuncane. Kodwa ngempumelelo Imisebenzi ye-COIN idinga ukuvikela indawo kanye nokuthola ukwethenjwa kwezakhamuzi ezihlala lapho. Ngeke ukwazi ukwenza lokho ngaphakathi kwesizinda saseMelika esivikelwe kahle. Enye inketho eyayisobala kwakuwukuhlala ezigodini - okuyinto esagcina sikwenzile - kodwa lokho kwakudinga ukuhlukanisa inkampani ngamaqembu amancane futhi sithole indawo yesibili, yesithathu, mhlawumbe yesine, eyaba yinkinga ngokushesha, okungenani eqenjini lami lamahhashi angama-82. (lapho amandla aphelele). Futhi, kunjalo, kwakungekho ngaphansi ezinhlanu amadolobhana endaweni yami yomthwalo wemfanelo.
Umbhali, wenza itulo lokuhlela ukuhlasela kwendiza ngesikhathi kuqamekele ePashmul, e-Afghanistan, ngo-2011.Ngiyabona, ngokubhala lokhu manje, ukuthi ayikho indlela engingenza ngayo isimo sizwakale sisihle njengoba besinjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, sasifanele “sivikele futhi sinikeze amandla” kanjani abantu basesigodini, ngaleso sikhathi, ababengekho? Iminyaka, ngisho namashumi eminyaka, izimpi ezinzima, ukuhlasela kwezindiza, nokonakaliswa kwezitshalo kwakushiye iningi lalawo madolobhana akuleyo ngxenye yeSifundazwe SaseKandahar lingaphezu kwamadolobha ayizipoki, kuyilapho amadolobha akwenye indawo yezwe egcwele ababaleki abangabafokazana abaxoshiwe nabanganelisekile abavela emaphandleni.
Ngezinye izikhathi, kwakuba sengathi asilwela lutho ngaphandle kwezindlu zodaka ezimbalwa ezingenamuntu. Futhi uthanda noma ungathandi, ukungabi nangqondo okunjalo kwabonisa impi yaseMelika e-Afghanistan. Kusanjalo. Lowo kwakungumbono ovela phansi. Izinto zazingekho - futhi azikho - kangcono ngokulinganiswa phezulu. Njengoba kalula nje ibutho elilodwa labacuphi lalingase lihlakazwe, ngakho lonke ibhizinisi, elalincike ezisekelweni ezintengantengayo ezifanayo, lalingase linganyakaziswa.
Ngesikhathi lapho ojenene uMongameli Trump muva nje kuthunyelwe amandla okwenza izinqumo emandleni amasosha ase-US kulelo zwe cabanga "ukuhlinzwa" okusha kwe-Afghan, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubheke emuva futhi usondeze kancane. Khumbula, wona kanye umqondo "wokuwina" iMpi Yase-Afghan, eyashiya iyunithi yami kulelo qoqo lezindlu zodaka, yaphumula (futhi isaphumula) emicabangweni embalwa.
Okokuqala kwalokhu ukuthi ama-Afghan empeleni ayasifuna (noma ake asifuna) lapho; okwesibili, ukuthi izwe lalibalulekile futhi lisabalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwezwe lethu; futhi okwesithathu, ukuthi i-10,000, i-50,000, noma i-100,000 yamasosha angaphandle ake aba khona noma manje angakwazi "ukuthula" ukuvukela umbuso, noma kunalokho iqoqo elikhulayo lokuvukela umbuso, noma ukuvikela imiphefumulo eyizigidi ezingu-33, noma ukusiza uhulumeni ozinzile, omele izwe elihlukahlukene, elinezintaba, elivalekile ezweni elinomlando omncane wentando yeningi.
Elokuqala kulawa maphuzu okungenani ukuhluleka. Njengoba ungase ucabange, noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvota olunembile lunzima kakhulu, noma akunakwenzeka, ngaphandle kwezikhungo ezimbalwa ezinkulu zabantu kulelo zwe elingalodwa. Yize abantu abaningi base-Afghan, ikakhulukazi abasemadolobheni, bengase bathande ukuqhubeka nokuba khona kwezempi yase-US, abanye bayazibuza ngokusobala ukuthi yini enhle ukuthutheleka kwabantu bangaphandle okuzokwenza esizweni sabo esihlaselwe yimpi engapheli. Njengesikhulu esisodwa esiphezulu sase-Afghan muva wabalisa, ecabanga ngokungangabazeki ukusetshenziswa kokuqala ezweni lakhe lebhomu elingelona elenuzi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, “Ingabe uhlelo luwukusebenzisa izwe lethu njengendawo yokuhlola amabhomu?” Futhi khumbula ukuthi ukwanda okumangalisayo endaweni amaTaliban manje alawula ngayo, abaningi njengoba baxoshwa emandleni ngo-2001, kusikisela ukuthi ukuba khona kwe-US akwamukeleki yonke indawo.
Umcabango wesibili unzima kakhulu ukuphikisana noma ukuthethelela. Ukusho okuncane, ukuhlukanisa impi ese-Afghanistan ekude ngokuthi "ibalulekile" kuncike encazelweni ephendulekayo yegama. Uma lokho kudlula i-muster - uma kuqinisa amasosha ase-Afghan ku ingoma ye (okungenani) amashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka kanye nezinkulungwane zamabhuzu amasha phansi ukuze wenqabe indawo ephephile "kumaphekula" "ibalulekile" ngempela - ngakho-ke ngokunengqondo ubukhona bamanje base-US e-Iraq, Syria, Somalia, futhi iYemen nayo ibucayi futhi kufanele iqiniswe ngendlela efanayo. Futhi kuthiwani ngamaqembu amaphekula akhulayo e-Egypt, Libya, Nigeria, Tunisia, njalonjalo? Sikhuluma ngesiphakamiso esibiza ngempela lapha - egazini nasemcebo. Kodwa ingabe kuyiqiniso? Ukuhlaziya okunengqondo kuphakamisa ukuthi akunjalo. Phela, ngokwesilinganiso mayelana Isikhombisa Abantu baseMelika babulawa amaphekula angama-Islamist emhlabathini wase-US minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2015. Ukwesaba kuyiqiniso, ingozi yangempela… kancane.
Ngokuqondene nephuzu lesithathu, limane liwubuwula. Ukubheka nje imizamo yamasosha ase-US "yokwakha isizwe" noma ukuqiniswa kwangemva kwezingxabano kanye nokuqinisa e-Iraq, eLibya, noma - ngingasho ngithi - iSyria kufanele ixazulule lolu daba. Kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi isibikezelo esihle kakhulu sokuziphatha kwesikhathi esizayo ukuziphatha okwedlule. Nokho silapha, eminyakeni engu-14 ngemva kobuwula bokuhlasela i-Iraq kanye namazwi amaningi afanayo - ngaphakathi nangaphandle kokuphatha - ukuklabalasa "ukuhlinzwa" okukodwa e-Afghanistan (futhi, vele, kuzobe kukhalela ukwanda okungalindelekile okuzolandela eGreater Middle East).
Wona kanye umbono wokuthi amasosha ase-US abe namandla okungenisa i-Afghanistan evikelekile usekelwe ezimeni ezimbalwa ezibonakale zingaphezu kwamaphupho nje. Okokuqala, kuzomele kube nozakwethu olawulayo wendawo onekhono, ongenankohlakalo kanye nezempi. Lokho akuqali. E-Afghanistan khohlakele, uhulumeni wobumbano kazwelonke ongathandwayo ungcono kancane kunombuso we Ngo Dinh Diem eNingizimu yeVietnam ngeminyaka yawo-1960 futhi leyo mpi yaseMelika ayizange ihambe kahle kangako, akunjalo? Bese kuba nombuzo wokuphila isikhathi eside. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuba khona kwezempi yase-US lapho, maduze nje izongena onyakeni wayo we-16, yinde kangakanani isikhathi esanele? Eziningana ezijwayelekile amaphimbo, kuhlanganise nowayengumkhuzi wangaphambili wase-Afghan u-General David Petraeus, manje bakhuluma okungenani "isizukulwane" ngaphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo i-Afghanistan. Ingabe lokho kungenzeka ngempela uma kubhekwa izithiyo zezinsiza ezikhulayo zaseMelika kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo isethi “ezindaweni ezingalawulwa” eziyingozi emhlabeni wonke?
Futhi yini engayenza ngempela ukuhlinzwa okusha? Ubukhona be-US e-Afghanistan empeleni kuwuchungechunge oluhlukene lwezisekelo eziqukethwe ngokwazo, ngasinye sazo esidinga ukuhlinzekwa futhi sivikelwe. Ezweni elinobukhulu bayo, elinengqalasizinda yezokuthutha elinganiselwe, ngisho namasosha engeziwe angama-4,000-5,000 iPentagon kuthiwa ukucabangela ukuthumela njengamanje ngeke kuhambe kakhulu.
Manje, hlehlisa futhi. Sebenzisa izibalo ezifanayo endaweni yase-US ngaphesheya kwe-Greater Middle East futhi ubhekane nalokho esingase siqale ukukubiza ngendida yase-Afghan, noma indida yami yokuvikela amadolobhana amahlanu anamadoda angama-82 kuphela abhala amakhulu. Yenza izibalo. Ibutho lase-US selivele selikhona behluleka ukuze ihambisane nezibopho zayo. Kunini lapho iWashington imane iphotha amasondo ayo ayisaga? Ngizokutshela nini - izolo.
Manje, cabanga ngaleyo mibono emithathu engabazekayo yase-Afghan kanye neqiniso elilodwa elingakhululeki liyavela. Okuwukuphela kwamandla aqondisayo asele ku-arsenal yesu laseMelika yi-inertia.
What Surge 4.0 Ngeke Ikwenze - Ngiyathembisa...
Khumbula okuthile: lokhu ngeke kube “ukuhlinzwa” kokuqala kwe-Afghan yaseMelika. Noma eyesibili, noma eyesithathu. Cha, lokhu kuzoba ukuqhekeka kwesine kwamasosha ase-US kukho. Ubani ozizwa enenhlanhla? Kwaqala kwafika uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush "kuthule" ukuqhuma emuva ngo-2008. Okulandelayo, inyanga eyodwa kuphela ehlandleni lakhe lokuqala, uMongameli osanda kuqokwa u-Barack Obama Ithunyelwe 17,000 ngaphezulu amasosha ukulwa yakhe okuthiwa impi enhle (ngokungafani nomubi ose-Iraq) eningizimu ye-Afghanistan. Ngemva testy isibuyekezo amasu, yena ke uzibophezele Amasosha angu-30,000 engeziwe ekuhlinzeni "kwangempela" ngemva konyaka. Yilokho okwangiletha (kanye nabo bonke abanye be-B Troop, 4-4 Cavalry) esifundeni sasePashmul ngo-2011. Sahamba - iningi lethu - eminyakeni engaphezu kwemihlanu edlule, kodwa ngokuqinisekile mayelana namasosha angu-8,800 aseMelika asele namuhla futhi angabaphathi. isisekelo sokukhuphuka okuzayo.
Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i-Surge 4.0 ingase iqale ilethe izinzuzo ezithile ezinesizotha (njengoba enye nenye kwabathathu yenza ngosuku lwabo). Eqinisweni, abaqeqeshi abengeziwe, abasekeli bezindiza, nabasebenzi bezokuthutha bangakwazi ngempela ukusimamisa amanye amayunithi ezempi ase-Afghan isikhathi esithile esilinganiselwe. Iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha kungqubuzana, ngamaphesenti ayi-10 amasosha aseMelika amaningi phansi njengasesicongweni sempi, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi nangaphezulu yokuqeqeshwa, abezokuphepha base-Afghan basashaywa amavukela-mbuso. Eminyakeni edlule, bebelokhu behlangabezana irekhodi abalimele, kanye nomfudlana omkhulu ojwayelekile we ukuhlamuka kanye namalegion"amasosha ayizipoki” abangakwazi ukufa noma ukuhlaneka ngenxa yokuthi abekho, nakuba amaholo abo ekhona (emaphaketheni abakhuzi babo noma amanye ama-Afghan anenhlanhla). Futhi lokho kubatholele “umshoshaphansi,” okushiye amaTaliban namanye amaqembu abashokobezi elawula ingxenye enkulu yezwe. Futhi uma konke kuhamba kahle (okungeyona into eqinisekile ngempela), lokho kungenzeka kube okungcono kakhulu okungakhiqizwa yi-Surge 4.0: ithayi elide, elibuhlungu.
Hlubula izingqimba zika-anyanisi kancane futhi izizathu ezizwakalayo zeMpi Yase-Afghan yaseMelika ziyashabalala kanye nayo yonke intuthu echazayo nezibuko. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kunezinto ezimbili "ukuhlinzwa okuncane" okuzayo okungeke kuzenze:
*Ngeke iguqule ifomula yesu ehlulekayo.
Cabanga ngale fomula ngale ndlela: Abaqeqeshi baseMelika + amasosha ase-Afghan + inqwaba yemali + (esingashiwongo) isikhathi = uhulumeni wase-Afghan ozinzile kanye nethonya elinciphisa i-Taliban.
Ayikasebenzi okwamanje, kodwa - ngakho-ke abahlinzayo-amakholwa siqinisekise - yingoba siyadinga Okuningi: amabutho engeziwe, imali eyengeziwe, isikhathi esengeziwe. NjengamaReaganites amaningi athembekile, izimpendulo zawo zihlala ziseceleni kokunikezwayo futhi akekho kubo oke azibuze ukuthi, cishe eminyakeni eyi-16 kamuva, ifomula ngokwayo kungenzeka ingabi namaphutha abulalayo.
Ngokwemibiko yezindaba, asikho isixazululo esicatshangelwa abaphathi bamanje esizobhekana nalezi zinkinga ezilandelayo: I-Afghanistan iyizwe elikhulu, elinezintaba, elivalekile, elinezinkolo ezihlukahlukene, izwe elimpofu eliholwa uhulumeni owonakele ngokujulile onokonakala okujulile. ezempi. Endaweni eyaziwa kudala ngokuthi “amathuna emibuso,” amasosha ase-United States kanye ne-Afghan Security Forces bayaqhubeka nokuhola lowo ohlonishwayo isazi-mlando iye yabiza “impi ehlanganisiwe enezivikelo eziqinile.” Empeleni, iWashington namadlelandawonye ayo asendaweni bayaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinsongo ezijwayelekile ezivela kubalwi beTaliban abahamba phambili bewela umngcele onzima nePakistan, izwe elinikeze ukwesekwa okungatheni kanye nendawo ephephile yalezo zitha. Futhi impendulo yaseWashington kulokhu kube wukuvalela amasosha ayo ngaphakathi kwalawo makhompiyutha anezivikelo eziqinile (futhi igxile ekuwavikeleni "ukuhlaselwa kwangaphakathi” ngalabo bantu base-Afghan esebenza nabo futhi ibaqeqeshe). Akusebenzanga. Angeke. Ngeke.
Cabangela isibonelo esifanayo. E-Vietnam, i-United States ayizange ixazulule ingxabano ephindwe kabili yezindawo eziphephile zesitha kanye nokusesha okuyize kokufaneleka. Abashokobezi base-Vietcong kanye ne-North Vietnamese Army basebenzisa i-Cambodia eseduze, i-Laos, ne-North Vietnam ukuze baphumule, balungise futhi bagcwalise. Khonamanjalo amasosha ase-US ayengenalo igunya ngenxa yokuthi abalingani bawo abakhohlakele baseSouth Vietnam babengenakho.
Uzwakala ujwayelekile? Sibhekene nezinkinga ezimbili ezifanayo e-Afghanistan: indawo ephephile yasePakistan kanye nohulumeni owonakele, ongathandwayo eKabul. Akukho, futhi angisho lutho, kunoma yikuphi ukuhlasela kwamasosha okuzayo kuzokushintsha lokho.
*Ngeke kuphumelele ukuhlolwa okuphusile okunengqondo.
Umzuzu lapho ucabanga ngakho ngempela, yonke impikiswano yokuhlinza noma ukuhlinza kancane ishelela phansi ngokushelela kwefilosofi.
Uma ngempela impi imayelana nokwenqabela amaphekula izindawo eziphephile endaweni engabuswa noma engalawulwa kahle, kungani-ke kungakhushulwa amasosha eYemen, Somalia, Nigeria, Libya, Pakistan (lapho umholi we-al-Qaeda u-Ayman al-Zawahiri kanye nendodana ka-Osama bin Laden u-Hamza bin -Laden kukholakala ukuthi baphephile kuvunyelwe), i-Iraq, iSyria, iChechnya, iDagestan (lapho kwakukhona khona omunye wamabhomu eBoston Marathon ikhulisiwe), noma ngaleyo ndaba eParis noma eLondon. Yonke lezo zindawo inamaphekula futhi/noma inamaphekula. Mhlawumbe esikhundleni sokuqhubekela phambili futhi e-Afghanistan noma kwenye indawo, impendulo yangempela ukuqala ukubona ukuthi wonke amasosha ase-US ngendlela yawo yokusebenza angayenza ukushintsha lelo qiniso likwenza kube kubi nakakhulu. Phela, iminyaka eyi-15 edlule inikeza umbono wokuthi iqhubeka kanjani ikhula futhi inqubo idala kuphela amazwe nezindawo ezingalawuleki.
Umzamo omningi, manje njengaseminyakeni edlule, uncike esifisweni esisobala phakathi kwezinhlobo zezempi nezepolitiki eWashington zokulwa impi abayaziyo, leyo amabutho abo akhelwe yona: izimpi zendawo, izimpi ezingalandelelwa futhi zikalwe. kumamephu, uhlobo lwezinto izikhulu zezisebenzi (njengami) ezingabonisa kumaslayidi e-PowerPoint ayinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu. Amasosha kanye nabakhi benqubomgomo bendabuko abakhululekile kangako ngempi yemibono, uhlobo lomncintiswano lapho ukuthambekela kwabo okungokwemvelo “kokwenza okuthile” kuvame ukuvela. okungahambi kahle.
Njenge-US Army Field Manual 3-24 - "ibhayibheli" likaJenene David Petraeus "ibhayibheli" - ngokuhlakanipha ivuliwe: “Ngezinye izikhathi ukungenzi lutho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusabela.” Sekuyisikhathi sokulandela iseluleko esinjalo (ngisho noma kungesona iseluleko uPetraeus ngokwakhe asinikezayo).
Mina-ke, ngibize ngomuntu othanda ukungabaza ojulile uma kukhulunywa ngalokho amasosha ase-US angama-4,000 noma angu-5,000 angakwenza ukuze avikele noma aqinise izwe lapho iningi labadala bedolobhana engihlangane nabo bengakwazi ukukutshela ukuthi babeneminyaka emingaki. Ukuzithoba okuncane kwenqubomgomo yangaphandle kuhamba ibanga elide ekungangeni phansi kulowo mthambeko oshelelayo. Pho, kungani amaMelika eqhubeka nokuzikhohlisa? Kungani beqhubeka nokukholelwa ukuthi ngisho nabafana abayizi-100,000 abavela e-Indiana nase-Alabama bangashintsha umphakathi wase-Afghan ngendlela engathanda ngayo iWashington? Noma yimuphi omunye umhlaba wangaphandle ngaleyo ndaba?
Ngicabanga ukuthi ojenene nabenzi benqubomgomo bangabagembuli nje. Kepha ngaphambi kokufaka imali yakho ekuhlinzeni okulandelayo kwe-Afghan, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubuyele emuva ekukhawulweni, ukulwa, kanye nokuzinikela kweyunithi eyodwa encane endaweni eyodwa encane, ephikisana ne-Afghanistan eseningizimu ngo-2011 ...
UPashmul onesizungu
Ngakho-ke, sahamba - ifayela elilodwa, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo esikhohlisayo - cishe unyaka. Izinsuku eziningi izinto zazihamba kahle. Kwaze kwangaba njalo. Ngeshwa, amanye amasosha athola amabhomu kabuhlungu: abathathu befile, inqwaba yalimala, oyedwa onqunyiwe kathathu. Kwahamba kanjalo saqhubeka saqhubeka. Njalo phambili. Njalo phambili. OkweMelika? E-Afghanistan? Ngabanye? Akunandaba. Futhi ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi abanye abantu baseMelika bazoqhubeka nokuqhubeka ngo-2017, 2018, 2019…
Phakamisa unyawo. Abambe umoya. Isinyathelo. Exhale.
Qhubekani nihamba… ukuze ninqobe… kodwa ndawonye.
UMajor Danny Sjursen, a TomDispatch Njalo, ungusomaqhinga Wezempi Yase-US futhi owayengumqeqeshi wezomlando e-West Point. Usebenze izinkambo namayunithi okuhlola e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Ubhale inkumbulo kanye nokuhlaziya okubucayi kweMpi yase-Iraq, Ghost Riders of Baghdad: Amasosha, Izakhamuzi, kanye Inganekwane Yokuhlinza. Uhlala nomkakhe namadodana akhe amane eduze kwaseFort Leavenworth, eKansas.
[Qaphela: Imibono evezwe kulesi sihloko ngeyombhali, evezwe ngendlela engekho emthethweni, futhi ayibonisi inqubomgomo esemthethweni noma isikhundla soMnyango Wezempi, uMnyango Wezokuvikela, noma uhulumeni wase-US.]
Landela TomDispatch on Twitter futhi ujoyine nathi Facebook. Bheka iNcwadi Dispatch entsha sha, kaJohn Dower's I-American Century Ebudlova: Impi Nezobuphekula Kusukela Empi Yezwe II, kanye noveli kaJohn Feffer's dystopian Iziqhekeko, Nick Turse's Isikhathi Esizayo Bazokuza Ukubala Abafileyo, noTom Engelhardt I-Shadow Government: Ukuqapha, Impi Yezimfihlo, ne-Global Security State ezweni elilodwa elinamandla.
Copyright 2017 Danny Sjursen
