Akukho Okubambisana Ngomntwana Owashelwe Ogwini

NguPatrick T. Hiller

Izithombe ezidabukisayo zengane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala Aylan Kurdhi zifanekisela konke okungalungile ngempi. Ukulandela #KiyiyaVuranInsanlik (isintu sigezwe ogwini) kuwukubhekana okubuhlungu nalokho abanye abangase bakubize ngomonakalo wesibambiso wempi. Uma sibuka izithombe zalo mntwana ngezinyembezi emehlweni ethu, sekuyisikhathi sokuqamba kabusha ezinye izinganekwane mayelana nempi. Asikujwayele yini ukuzwa nokukholelwa ukuthi impi iyingxenye yemvelo yomuntu, izimpi zilwelwa inkululeko nokuzivikela, izimpi azinakugwenywa, futhi izimpi zilwa phakathi kwamasosha? Lezi zinkolelo mayelana nempi zizwakala zingenangqondo ngempela lapho ingane ecathula ilele ibheke phansi ogwini lolwandle, ifile, kude nekhaya layo lapho kwakufanele ngabe idlala futhi ihleka.

Izimpi zisekelwe futhi zilungisiswa uchungechunge lwezinganekwane. Siseqophelweni lapho isayensi yokuthula kanye nokumela kungaphika kalula zonke izizathu ezenzelwe impi.

Ingabe u-Aylan kwadingeka afe ngoba izimpi ziyingxenye yemvelo yomuntu? Cha, impi iwukwakhiwa komphakathi, hhayi isibopho sebhayoloji. Kwe Isitatimende seSeville ngodlame, iqembu lososayensi abavelele bokuziphatha lawuphikisa “umbono wokuthi ubudlova obuhleliwe babantu bunqunywa ngokwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo.” Njengoba nje sinamandla okulwa, kufanele sibe nethuba lokuphila ngokuthula. Sihlale sinokukhetha. Eqinisweni, isikhathi esiningi isintu sisemhlabeni, besingenayo impi ezindaweni eziningi. Eminye imiphakathi ayikaze yazi impi futhi manje sinezizwe eziyazi impi futhi zayishiya ngemuva ukuze zivune i-diplomacy.

Ngabe kwadingeka ukuthi u-Aylan afe ngoba impi yaseSyria ilwela ukuzivikela? Akunjalo neze. Impi yaseSyria iwuchungechunge oluqhubekayo, oluyinkimbinkimbi yodlame lwezempi oluholele ezingozini eziningi. Uma sikhuluma ngobubanzi, ibangelwa isomiso (ukusikisela: ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu), ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ipolitiki yokuzazi, ukuphakamisa ukungezwani kwamahlelo, ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi kombuso, imibhikisho engenalo udlame ekuqaleni, ukukhuthazwa ngabazuzi bempi, futhi ekugcineni nokuthathwa kwezikhali ngamaqembu athile. Kunjalo, imibuso yesifunda neyomhlaba wonke njengeSaudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran, noma i-United States idlale indima ehlukene ngezikhathi ezihlukene kuye ngezintshisekelo zayo. Ukulwa okuqhubekayo, ukuhamba njalo kwezikhali, kanye nokuqagela kwezempi akuhlangene nokuzivikela.

Ngabe kwadingeka ukuthi u-Aylan afe ngoba impi iyindlela yokugcina? Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi abantu bacabanga futhi balindele ukuthi izinqumo zokusebenzisa amandla zenziwa lapho kungekho ezinye izinketho ezikhona. Nokho, ayikho impi enganelisa isimo sesinqumo sokugcina. Kuhlala kunezinye izindlela ezingcono nezisebenzayo ezingenabudlova. Ingabe baphelele? Cha. Ingabe bayathandeka? Yebo. Ezinye izindlela ezisheshayo eSyria ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali, ukusekelwa kwemiphakathi yaseSyria, ukuphishekela izingxoxo ezinengqondo, unswinyo lwezomnotho ku-ISIS nabasekeli bayo, kanye nokungenelela okungenabudlova kobuntu. Izinyathelo zesikhathi eside ezengeziwe zifaka ukuhoxiswa kwamasosha ase-US, ukuphela kokuthengwa kukawoyela esifundeni, kanye nokuqedwa kobuphekula ngezimpande zabo. Impi nodlame kuzoqhubeka kuholela ekulimaleni kwabantu abaningi futhi kubhebhetheke nakakhulu inkinga yababaleki.

Ingabe u-Aylan wayebambile ngomonakalo empini eyayiphakathi kwamabutho? Ukuze kucace, ukuhlanzeka komqondo wento efana nokufa kwabantu abangenacala ngokungenhloso empini ngegama lobuchwepheshe lokulinyazwa kwesibambiso kwabizwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi “okuphambene nesikhathi” ngumagazini wezindaba waseJalimane i-Der Spiegel. Umgqugquzeli wokuthula uKathy Kelly uye wabhekana nezindawo eziningi zempi futhi wabonisa ukuthi “inhlekelele eyenzeke kubantu abavamile ayinakuqhathaniswa, ihloselwe futhi ayinakunqanyulwa.” Kunobufakazi obandayo obubonisa ukuthi izimpi zanamuhla zibulala abantu abaningi kakhulu kunamasosha. Lokhu kuba yiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma sisusa imibono efana nempi “yokuhlinza” kanye “nokuhlanza” futhi sihlole ukufa okuqondile nokungaqondile okubangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwengqalasizinda, izifo, ukungondleki, ukungabi namthetho, izisulu zokudlwengulwa, noma abantu abafudukezwe ngaphakathi kanye nababaleki. Ngokudabukisayo, manje sekufanele sengeze isigaba sezingane ezigezwe ogwini.

Yebo, kukhona abathi umhlaba wonke uba yindawo engcono. Izifundiswa ziyathanda USteven Pinker futhi Joshua Goldstein baziwa ngomsebenzi wabo wokuhlonza ukwehla kwezimpi. Eqinisweni, ngiphakathi kwalabo abagqugquzelwa umbono wokuthuthuka I-Global Peace System lapho isintu sisendleleni enhle yoguquko lwenhlalo, uguquko lwezingxabano ezakhayo, nokusebenzisana komhlaba wonke. Njengo-Pinker no-Goldstein, bengihlale ngigcizelela ukuthi akumele senze iphutha lokuthambekela okunjalo emhlabeni jikelele ngokubiza ukunethezeka ngesimo somhlaba. Kunalokho, kumelwe sisebenze ngokungakhathali ukuze siqinise imikhuba emihle eyenza buthaka isimiso sempi. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho siyoba nethuba lokugwema izinhlekelele ezifana neka-Aylan elele ebheke phansi ogwini lolwandle eTurkey. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho indodana yami eneminyaka emibili nohhafu iyoba nethuba lokuhlangana futhi idlale nomfana onjengo-Aylan. Babengaba abangane abakhulu. Babengeke bazi ukuthi bazondana kanjani. Lokho kwenzeka kuphela uma sibafundisa indlela.

Patrick. T. Hiller, Ph.D. unguMqondisi we-War Prevention Initiative ye-Jubitz Family Foundation futhi ehlanganiswe ngu PeaceVoice. Uyisazi se-Conflict Transformation, uprofesa, kuMkhandlu Ophethe we-International Peace Research Association, eKomidini Lokuxhumanisa World Beyond War, kanye nelungu le-Peace and Security Funders Group.