I-Urbanity of Evil: Iminyaka engama-20 Ngemva Kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq

NguNorman Solomon, World BEYOND War, Mashi 14, i-2023

Inani elikhulu Amanga izikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni wase-US zaholela ekuhlaselweni kwe-Iraq. Manje, kuphawula iminyaka yayo engama-20, imithombo yezindaba efanayo lokho awaqinise ngokulangazela lawo manga banikeza ama-retrospectives. Ungalindeli ukuthi bazokhanyisa amaqiniso anzima kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukubandakanyeka kwabo ekuqhubekiseleni impi.

Okwenze ukuthi i-United States iqale impi e-Iraq ngoMashi 2003 kwakuwukuguquguquka kwemithombo yezindaba nezepolitiki okusese kakhulu nathi nanamuhla.

Ngokushesha ngemva komhla zi-9/11, esinye seziswebhu ezikhulumayo esashiwo uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush sasiyinto engangabazeki. ukugomela ngenkathi ekhuluma emhlanganweni wokuhlanganyela weNgqungquthela ngo-September 20, 2001: “Zonke izizwe, kuzo zonke izifunda, manje zinesinqumo okufanele zenze. Kuphakathi kokuthi unathi, noma ukanye namaphekula.” Iphonswe phansi, lelo gauntlet lathola ukudunyiswa nokugxekwa okuncane e-United States. Imithombo yezindaba evamile kanye namalungu eCongress cishe bonke bajabule kakhulu nge- I-Manichean worldview lokho kwavela futhi kwaphikelela.

Isikhathi sethu samanje sigcwele amazwibela anjalo avela kumongameli wamanje. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambili ukushaya isibhakela Umbusi waseSaudi Arabia uMohammed bin Salman - obephethe umbuso ononya owawulwa neYemen, okubangele ukufa kwezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amaningana kusukela ngo-2015 ngosizo lukahulumeni wase-US - uJoe Biden wagibela ipulpiti lobuhle obuphakeme ngesikhathi senkulumo yakhe yeSimo SeNyunyana yango-2022.

I-Biden bamemezela "isinqumo esingaguquki sokuthi inkululeko iyohlala inqoba ubushiqela." Futhi wengeza ngokuthi "empini phakathi kwentando yeningi kanye ne-autocracy, intando yeningi ikhuphuka kuze kube manje." Vele, akuzange kukhulunywe ngokusekela kwakhe umbuso weSaudi nempi.

Kuleyo nkulumo yeSimo SeNyunyana, uBiden wagcizelela kakhulu ukugxeka impi yaseRussia e-Ukraine, njengoba enzile kaningi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ubuzenzisi bukamongameli bakaBiden abuqinisekisi ngandlela thize izinto ezesabekayo ezenziwa ngamasosha aseRussia e-Ukraine. Futhi leyo mpi ayikuthetheleli lokho ubuzenzisi obubulalayo ezigcwele inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US.

Kuleli sonto, ungabambi umoya wakho ngokubuka kwabezindaba mayelana nokuhlasela kwe-Iraq ukuze kufakwe amaqiniso ayisisekelo mayelana nezindima ezibalulekile zikaBiden kanye nendoda manje esengunobhala wezwe, u-Antony Blinken. Lapho ngamunye egxeka iRussia kuyilapho egcizelela ukuthi akwamukelekile neze ukuba izwe elithile lihlasele elinye, imizamo yase-Orwellian ayinamahloni futhi ayinamahloni.

Ngenyanga edlule, Okhulumayo Emkhandlwini Wezokuphepha we-UN, uBlinken ucele “izimiso nemithetho eyenza wonke amazwe aphephe futhi avikeleke kakhudlwana” - njengokuthi "ukungaphucwa umhlaba ngendluzula" kanye "nokungabi nazimpi zonya." Kepha iBiden kanye neBlinken bekuyizesekeli ezibalulekile empini enkulu yolaka okwakungukuhlasela kwe-Iraq. Ezikhathini ezingavamile lapho uBiden ebekwe endaweni yokuthi usize kanjani ukuthi ukuhlasela kwenzeke ngokwepolitiki, impendulo yakhe kube ukuhlakazeka futhi atshele. amanga aluhlaza.

"I-Biden inomlando omude wezimangalo ezingalungile" mayelana ne-Iraq, isazi uStephen Zunes wabonisa eminyakeni emine edlule. "Isibonelo, ngaphambi kwevoti elibucayi leSenethi eligunyaza ukuhlasela, uBiden wasebenzisa indima yakhe njengosihlalo weKomidi leSenate Foreign Relations Committee ukuze waphikelela ukuthi ngandlela-thile i-Iraq yakha kabusha iqoqo elikhulu lezikhali zamakhemikhali nezamagciwane, uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi kanye nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuletha izikhali ezasuswa kudala.” Isimangalo esingamanga sezikhali zokucekela phansi okukhulu e-Iraq kwakuyizaba eziyinhloko zokuhlasela.

Amanga lawo waphonselwa inselelo ngesikhathi sangempela, izinyanga eziningi ngaphambi kokuhlasela, by eziningi Ochwepheshe. Kepha ngaleso sikhathi uSenator Biden, owayephethe iKomidi Lezobudlelwano Nezangaphandle, wabakhipha bonke ezinsukwini ezimbili zomthelela omkhulu. ukulalelwa maphakathi nehlobo lika-2002.

Futhi yayingubani induna yabasebenzi ekomitini ngaleso sikhathi? Unobhala wezwe wamanje, u-Antony Blinken.

Siyakwazi ukubeka u-Biden no-Blinken esigabeni esihluke ngokuphelele kunomuntu ofana no-Tariq Aziz, owayeyiphini likandunankulu wase-Iraq ngaphansi kwesikhulu sika-Saddam Hussein. Kodwa, uma ngicabanga ngemihlangano emithathu no-Aziz engaya kuyo eBaghdad phakathi nezinyanga ezingaphambi kokuhlasela, nginokungabaza okuthile.

U-Aziz wayegqoke amasudi ebhizinisi alungiswe kahle. Ekhuluma isiNgisi esihle kakhulu ngamathoni alinganisiwe nemisho eklanywe kahle, wayenomoya we-erudite ngaphandle kokuntula inhlonipho njengoba ebingelela ithimba lethu lamalungu amane (engangilihlele nozakwethu eSikhungweni Sokunemba Komphakathi). Iqembu lethu lalihlanganisa noKhongolose uNick Rahall waseWest Virginia, owayeyilungu leSigele saseNingizimu Dakota UJames Abourezk kanye nomongameli we-Conscience International uJames Jennings. Njengoba kwavela, i behlangana kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuhlasela.

Ngesikhathi salowo mhlangano maphakathi no-September 2002, u-Aziz wakwazi ukufingqa kafushane iqiniso lemithombo yezindaba yase-US embalwa eyayilivuma. "Kuzolahleka uma wenza kanjalo, uzobhujiswa uma ungakwenzi," kusho u-Aziz, ebhekise ekukhetheni kukahulumeni wase-Iraq ukuthi uyabavumela yini abahloli bezikhali be-UN ukuthi babuyele ezweni.

Ngemva kwemihlangano no-Aziz nezinye izikhulu zase-Iraq, u-I utshele the Washington Post: “Ukube bekuyindaba yokuhlola ngempela futhi bezwa sengathi kunokukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe, lokhu bekuyoba inkinga engalungiseka ngokuphelele.” Kodwa kwakungeyona neze indaba yokuhlolwa. Ukuphatha kukaBush kwakuzimisele ukwenza impi e-Iraq.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva komhlangano ka-Aziz, umbuso wase-Iraq - owawusho ngokunembile ukuthi awunazo izikhali zokucekela phansi abantu abaningi - wamemezela ukuthi uzovumela abahloli be-UN ukuthi babuyele ezweni. (Babehoxiswe eminyakeni emine edlule ngenxa yokuphepha kwabo ngobusuku obekulindelekile Ukuhlasela kwamabhomu e-US lokho kwenzeka izinsuku ezine.) Kodwa ukuthobela iZizwe Ezihlangene akuphumelelanga. Abaholi bakahulumeni wase-US babefuna ukwethula ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq, noma ngabe kwenzekani.

Phakathi nemihlangano emibili kamuva no-Aziz, ngoZibandlela wezi-2002 kanye noJanuwari 2003, ngahlatshwa umxhwele ngokuphindaphindiwe ikhono lakhe lokubonakala engumuntu ophucukile futhi ocolisiwe. Nakuba umkhulumeli oyinhloko wondlovukayiphikiswa ononya, wabonisa ubunkimbinkimbi. Ngacabanga ngamagama athi “idolobha lobubi.”

Umthombo onolwazi wangitshela ukuthi uSaddam Hussein ulondoloze uhlobo oluthile lokusebenzisa u-Aziz ngokugcina indodana yakhe isengozini yokuboshwa noma okubi nakakhulu, funa u-Aziz abe yisihlubuki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjalo noma cha, iPhini likaNdunankulu u-Aziz lahlala lithembekile kwaze kwaba sekugcineni. Njengomunye osefilimini kaJean Renoir Imithetho Yomdlalo ithi, “Into embi ngokuphila yilena: Wonke umuntu unezizathu zakhe.”

UTariq Aziz wayenezizathu ezinhle zokusabela impilo yakhe - kanye nempilo yabathandekayo - uma ephikisana noSaddam. Ngokuphambene, osopolitiki abaningi nezikhulu eWashington bahambisane nezinqubomgomo zokubulala lapho ukuphikisa kungase kubalahlekisele ukuqokwa kabusha, ukuvelela, imali noma amandla.

Ngagcina ukumbona u-Aziz ngoJanuwari 2003, ngenkathi ngiphelezela owayenguMxhumanisi Wezobuntu we-UN e-Iraq ukuze ngihlangane naye. Ekhuluma nathi sobabili ehhovisi lakhe eBaghdad, u-Aziz wabonakala ebona ukuthi ukuhlasela kwakuqinisekile. Kwaqala ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili. I-Pentagon ikujabulele ukuyifaka uphawu ukuhlasela komoya okwesabekayo edolobheni “ukushaqeka nokwesaba.”

NgoJulayi 1, 2004, evele phambi kwejaji lase-Iraq enkantolo esendaweni yezempi yase-US eduze nesikhumulo sezindiza sase-Baghdad, u-Aziz. wathi: “Engifuna ukukwazi ukuthi, ingabe lezi zindleko ngezomuntu siqu? Ngabe nguTariq Aziz owenza lokhu kubulala? Uma ngiyilungu likahulumeni elenza iphutha lokubulala umuntu, angeke kube khona ukusolwa kwami ​​mathupha. Lapho kunobugebengu obenziwe ubuholi, isimilo sisuke sikhona, akumele kube necala lomuntu siqu ngoba nje umuntu engowobuholi.” Futhi, u-Aziz waqhubeka wathi, "Angizange ngibulale muntu, ngezenzo zesandla sami."

Ukuhlasela okwasiza uJoe Biden ukuletha i-Iraq kwaholela empini eyabulala ngokuqondile izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amaningana izakhamuzi. Uma eke wabizwa ngempela ukuba aziphendulele ngendima yakhe, amazwi kaBiden angase afane nakaTariq Aziz.

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UNorman Solomon ungumqondisi kazwelonke we-RootsAction.org kanye nomqondisi omkhulu we-Institute for Public Accuracy. Ungumbhali wezincwadi eziyishumi nambili kuhlanganisa Impi Yenziwe Yalula. Incwadi yakhe elandelayo, Impi Yenziwe Ingabonakali: IMelika Ifihla Kanjani Ukukhokhiswa Kwabantu Ngomshini Wayo Wezempi, izoshicilelwa ngoJuni 2023 yi-New Press.