NguKarl Grossman, I-Counterpunch, Ngo-Ephreli 28, i-2021
“Masicacise: Ukuthumela izikhali emkhathini kweqa umbundu ongeke uhlehliswe,” kusho uColonel John Fairlamb osewathatha umhlalaphansi Wezempi YaseMelika esiqeshini Umgqumeni, Iwebhusayithi yezindaba yaseWashington, DC.
U-Fairlamb uyakwazi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali ngodaba lwesikhala. Isizinda sakhe sihlanganisa ukuba yiNgcweti Yezindaba Zamazwe Ngamazwe Wendawo Yezempi kanye Nomyalo Wezokuvikela Wezempi kanye Nomsizi Wezempi kuNobhala Wezwe WaseMelika Wezindaba Zezombangazwe. Ujwayelene nempi kuqala: wayengumkhuzi wenkampani eVietnam. Uneziqu zobudokotela "kuComparative Defence Policy Analysis."
“Uma kucatshangelwa imiphumela yokusimama kwesu, kanye nethuba lokuthi isinqumo esinjalo [sokuthunyelwa kwezikhali emkhathini] sanoma isiphi isizwe singaqalisa umjaho wezikhali obizayo lapho noma iyiphi inzuzo ezuzwayo ingase ibe eyesikhashana, sihileleke manje ukuze kuvinjelwe isiphithiphithi esinjalo. kubonakala kufanelekile," wabhala UFairlamb kukholamu yakhe yemibono ngoFebhuwari 4 ngo I-Hill.
Lesi siqeshana besinesihloko esithi: "I-US kufanele ixoxisane ngokuvinjelwa kokusekela izikhali emkhathini."
“Sekuyisikhathi,” kubhala u-Fairlamb, “sokuhlelelwa ukulawula izikhali ukubhekana nezinkinga eziphakanyiswe yilo mkhuba obheke ekulweni nendawo. Isikhala yindawo lapho izigidigidi zamadola okuvikela zingahwamuka ngokushesha futhi ziphumele ezinsongweni eziningi okufanele zikhathazeke ngakho. I-Russia ne-China bebelokhu behlongoza izindlela zokulawulwa kwezikhali zasemkhathini eNhlanganweni Yezizwe Ezihlangene; sekuyisikhathi sokuthi i-US ibambisane kulo mzamo.”
Impela, uma izikhali zisatshalaliswa emkhathini—futhi amashumi eminyaka okuhlanganisa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphatha kukaReagan “Izimpi Zenkanyezi” okungenzeka futhi ngokudala kukaTrump i-US Space Force kanye nomgomo wayo “wokuphatha” isikhala—ngeke kube khona ukubuya.
Izikhali zasemkhathini "azikwazi ukuhlehliswa."
Futhi izwe lisempambana-ndlela.
Ungqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseRussia uSerge Lavrov emasontweni amabili edlule ucele lokho izingxoxo ukudala "ithuluzi elibophezela ngokomthetho lamazwe ngamazwe" ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa "kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezikhali" emkhathini.
ULavrov wamemezela: “Sikholelwa ngokungaguquki ukuthi ukuvinjelwa okuqinisekisiwe kuphela komncintiswano wezikhali emkhathini okuyokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokudala, ukuze kuzuze sonke isintu. Sicela ukuthi kube nezingxoxo ngokwakhiwa kwethuluzi elibopha ngokomthetho lamazwe ngamazwe elizovimbela ukuthunyelwa kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezikhali lapho, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendluzula noma ukusongela ngendluzula.”
Uveze lesi sitatimende ngo-Ephreli 12th, i-International Day of Human Space Flight, ephawulwe kulo nyaka ngama-60th isikhumbuzo sendiza yase-Russian Yuri Gagarin, esokuqala senziwa ngumuntu osemkhathini.
I-US, i-United Kingdom kanye ne-Soviet Union yangaleso sikhathi bajoyina emashumini eminyaka edlule ekubhaleni i-Outer Space Treaty ka-1967 eyaqoka indawo ngokuthi "izivumelwano zomhlaba wonke" ngenjongo yokuthula. Lesi sivumelwano siyakwenqabela ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali ezibhubhisayo emkhathini. Isayinwe yizizwe eziningi eMhlabeni.
I-Russia ne-China-kanye nomakhelwane base-US iCanada-bahole esinyathelweni sokwandisa i-Outer Space Treaty ngokumisa ukuthunyelwa kwanoma yiziphi izikhali emkhathini.
Ngesikhathi se-Reagan's "Star Wars" (eqanjwe ngokusemthethweni i-Strategic Defense Initiative) futhi eminyakeni kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-US ibisebenzela ukwakha izikhali zasemkhathini ezifake izibhamu eziphakeme kakhulu kanye nezinhlayiyana zezikhali nezikhali ze-laser.
Isivumelwano Sokuvinjelwa Kwezikhali Emkhathini (i-PAROS) siphushwe yiCanada, iRussia kanye neChina ukuze kwandiswe iSivumelwano Sendawo Yangaphandle.
I-PAROS inokusekelwa komhlaba wonke. Kodwa ngokulandelana kwabaphathi baseMelika-iRepublican kanye neDemocrat-uhulumeni wase-US ivotele ngokumelene nesivumelwano se-PAROS eNgqungqutheleni Yokuchithwa Kwezikhali yeNhlangano Yezizwe. Ngenxa yokuthi izinqumo zengqungquthela kufanele zisekelwe ukuvumelana, i-US ikunqabele ngempumelelo ukushaywa kwesivumelwano se-PAROS.
Ngosuku olwalandela isitatimende sikaLavrov, uMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseShayina wajoyina iRussia ekunxuseni kwawo.
“Sicela amazwe omhlaba ukuthi aqale izingxoxo futhi afinyelele Isivumelwano ekulawuleni izikhali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha emkhathini ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka,” kusho uZhao Lijian ngo-April 13. “IChina ibilokhu ivumelana nokuvimbela umjaho wezikhali emkhathini; ibizikhuthaza ngenkuthalo izingxoxo zesivumelwano esibopha ngokomthetho sokulawulwa kwezikhali zasemkhathini ngokubambisana neRussia.”
Mayelana nokuphathwa kweBiden kanye nezempi yasemkhathini, kusho umkhulumeli wayo, uJan Psaki, esithangamini sabezindaba sangoFebhuwari 2 "Sibheke ngabomvu umsebenzi oqhubekayo we-Space Force."
Space News lapho elandisa ukuphawula kwakhe wanezela: “I-US Space Force, igatsha lezempi lokuqala elisha lesizwe kusukela kwasungulwa i-Air Force ngo-1947, yakhuthazwa kakhulu owayenguMongameli uTrump phakathi nengxenye enkulu yokuphatha kwakhe. Abanye bacabange ukuthi uBiden ngeke akweseke kodwa umengameli akakaze aphawule ngakho. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi uBiden ukusiphi isikhundla eMkhathini, umongameli akakwazi ukukhetha ukuthi uzowugcina yini uMkhathi Wendawo noma cha. ICongress yenze i-Space Force emthethweni, njengezinye izinsiza ezihlomile, futhi kuzodingeka ishaye umthetho omusha ukuze ibuyiselwe emuva. Lokho kungaba yisimo esingalindelekile njengoba i-Space Force inokusekelwa kwe-bipartisan kuCongress "
The Isikhundla Sesikhala "yakhuthazwa kakhulu" nguTrump, kodwa umthetho okwavela ngawo wawusekelwa amalungu amaningi eDemocratic Alliance e-US Congress.
Inhlangano ehamba phambili emazingeni aphansi emhlabeni wonke ebiphonsela inselelo ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali emkhathini kube yiGlobal Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space (space4peace.org).
UBruce Gagnon, umxhumanisi wawo, utshele lo mbhali mayelana nesiqephu se-Fairlamb: “Amazwana kaColonel John Fairlamb osewathatha umhlalaphansi mahle kakhulu njengoba efuna i-US ukuthi ingene ezingxoxweni neRussia neChina nge-PAROS… bebezimisele ngokungena ezingxoxweni ze-UN zokuvala umnyango wesibaya ngaphambi kokuba ihhashi liphume. Ngamanye amazwi-thuthukisa isivumelwano esisha esivimbela umjaho wezikhali wasemkhathini ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke. Ngokudabukisayo, i-US ngenxa yobugovu bemboni ye-aerospace namaphupho okuphatha isikhala bekulokhu kuvimbela le nqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesivumelwano esidingeka kakhulu. "
UGagnon waqhubeka: “Abanye bangase babheke ukuphawula kukaMnu.
Angiqiniseki kangako. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile kufanele kube khona okungenani abantu abambalwa ababucayi ePentagon abaqaphelayo ukuthi noma iyiphi impi emkhathini ingaba inhlekelele kubo bonke. "
“Ngikhumbula ngo-2017 lapho i-Global Network ibambe ingqungquthela yethu yaminyaka yonke yokuhlela indawo kanye nemibhikisho e-Huntsville, e-Alabama, ngaphandle nje kwe-Army Redstone Arsenal,” eqhubeka, “lena indawo amasosha aseMelika ayikhethele uWerner Von Braun kanye neqembu lakhe. ososayensi/onjiniyela be-rocket abangama-Nazi abayi-100 abazofika bazodala uhlelo lwasemkhathini lwase-US ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II ngaphansi kohlelo oluyimfihlo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Operation Paperclip. Namuhla iHuntsville ibizwa ngokuthi 'iPentagon of the South.'”
“Ngesikhathi sihlangene ehhotela ngosuku lwethu lokugcina indoda ethile yafika eqenjini lethu yabuza ukuthi ingakwazi yini ukukhuluma nathi,” kusho uGagnon. “Wazethula njengesikhulu sezempi saseMelika. Uthe udonseke kithina ngenxa yezikibha zokuthula ebezigqokwa. Sichaze inhloso yomhlangano wethu, kanye ne-Global Network. Usitshele ukuthi wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngendlela iPentagon eyayiya ngakhona ngezenzo zayo zezempi ezinolaka nolimi. Samnxusa ukuba akhulume ngokusemandleni akhe. Lokhu kuxhumana, kanye namagama avela kuJohn Fairlamb, akwenza kucace ukuthi kukhona ngempela abantu abaphilile engqondweni ngaphakathi kwezempi yase-US. Kumelwe sithembe ukuthi bayakhuluma ngalezi zikhathi lapho i-US yenze ngokudabukisayo ukwakhiwa kwe-Space Force enomsebenzi 'wokulawula nokubusa isikhala, nokunqabela ezinye izizwe ukufinyelela emkhathini'.
"I-Biden," kusho uGagnon we-Global Network ezinze eMaine "usevele eshilo ukuthi uhlose ukuhlonipha ukwakhiwa kukaTrump kwaleli gatsha elisha lePentagon elivusa inkanuko. Futhi kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphakathi kweNdlu yabaMeli, elawulwa amaDemocrats, inqwaba yamaDemocrat ivotele ukuthi 'isukume' leli gatsha lenkonzo entsha. Eqinisweni, okuwukuphela kwento amaDemocrat ayicelile futhi anqatshelwa ukuthi esikhundleni salokho ayibize ngokuthi 'I-Space Corps.'
Mayelana nezingcingo ezenziwa yiRussia neChina kule nyanga ngezingxoxo zamazwe omhlaba mayelana nezikhali zasemkhathini, uGagnon uthe: "Kube yintokozo enkulu ukuzwa izimemezelo zakamuva zeRussia neChina." "Baveza ubuholi obuqhubekayo yilezi zifundazwe ekuzameni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sigcina indawo yokuthula."
“Selokhu kwasungulwa iGlobal Network ngo-1992 sibone iRussia neChina zizama kaningi ukwenza isivumelwano se-PAROS” kodwa “umgqugquzeli obalulekile wokulwa kwezempi emkhathini, i-United States, wenqabile ukuxoxisana waze wasivimba lesi sivumelwano. izingxoxo eNhlanganweni Yezizwe. IWashington, ngesikhathi sokuphatha kweRepublican kanye neDemocrat, ibilokhu ithi, 'Ayikho inkinga, azikho izikhali emkhathini. Asidingi sivumelwano.' Isizathu sokuthi i-US ithathe leso sikhundla silula. IWashington kade inephupho 'lokulawula nokubusa isikhala futhi yenqabele ezinye izizwe ukufinyelela emkhathini'. I-Air Force Space Command ikhombisa ngokudumile uphawu lwayo ebhilidini lekomkhulu elisePeterson Air Force Base eColorado ifundeka 'Master of Space.'”
“Imboni yasemkhathini ese-US ibheka indawo njengemakethe entsha yezikhali namandla enuzi. Iphupho lenzuzo enkulu liphakamisa umqondo. Ngokusungulwa kwakamuva kwe-Space Force, iWashington yabonisa umhlaba ukuthi umgomo wayo wokulawula nokubusa ngeke uphazanyiswe ukucabanga okunengqondo noma ukukhathazeka ngokuchithwa kwezulu ngezikhali nemfucumfucu eminingi yasemkhathini.”
"Amalungu e-Global Network asebenze ngokuzikhandla iminyaka ukwakha ukusekelwa kwesivumelwano sokuvinjelwa kwezikhali zasemkhathini futhi sibonga iRussia neChina ngokwenza konke okusemandleni ukugcina umbono wokuthula emkhathini uphila," kusho uGagnon. "Manje kusemahlombe abantu emhlabeni wethu omncane ojikelezayo ukusiza ukufeza lo mbono obalulekile."
U-Alice Slater, ilungu lamabhodi womabili we-Global Network kanye nenhlangano World BEYOND War, yathi: “Umgomo wase-US wokubusa nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezempi kwendawo, ngokomlando namanje, ube yisithiyo esikhulu ekufinyeleleni ukukhishwa kwezikhali zenuzi kanye nendlela enokuthula yokulondoloza konke ukuphila eMhlabeni. U-Reagan wenqabile isiphakamiso sika-Gorbachev sokuyeka 'i-Star Wars' njengombandela wokuthi womabili amazwe aqede zonke izikhali zenuzi…U-Bush no-Obama bavimbe noma iyiphi ingxoxo ngo-2008 nango-2014 ngeziphakamiso zaseRussia neShayina zokuvinjelwa kwezikhali zasemkhathini eKomidini elibophezele ukuvumelana. Ukuncishiswa kwezikhali eGeneva."
“Kulesi sikhathi esiyingqayizivele emlandweni lapho kudingekile ukuba izizwe zomhlaba zihlanganyele ekubambisaneni ukuze zabelane ngezinsiza zokuqeda umqedazwe wembulunga yonke ohlasela izakhamuzi zawo futhi kugwenywe ukucekelwa phansi kwesimo sezulu okuyinhlekelele noma ukucekelwa phansi kwezikhali zenuzi okubhubhisa uMhlaba,” kusho uSlater, “siyizisulu zokucekelwa phansi kwezikhali zenuzi. esikhundleni salokho sichitha ingcebo yethu namandla ethu obuhlakani ngezikhali nasemkhathini.”
UKarl Grossman, uprofesa wobuntatheli e-State University of New York/College e-Old Westbury, futhi ungumbhali wencwadi, Izinto Ezingalungile: Usongo Lwenuzi Lohlelo Lwesikhala Seplanethi Yethu, kanye ne-Beyond Nuclear handbook, I-US Space Force kanye nezingozi zamandla enuzi kanye nempi yenuzi emkhathini. U-Grossman ungumhlanganyeli weqembu lokubuka abezindaba Ukulunga Nokunemba Ekubikeni (FAIR). Ungumnikelo Ithemba: UBarack Obama Nezombusazwe ze-Illusion.
