NguPaul Holden, Agasti 18, 2020
Kusukela Daily Maverick
INingizimu Afrika isondela ngokushesha eqophelweni elikhulu: ngo-Okthoba 2020, izwe lizokwenza izinkokhelo zalo zokugcina ezibolekweni ezithathiwe ukukhokhela ukuthengwa kwezitimela zangaphansi komhlaba, amakharave, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye nezindiza zokulwa nezokuqeqesha ezaziwa njenge-Arms Deal.
Lokhu kuthengwa, okwabhalwa ngokusemthethweni lapho kusayinwa izinkontileka zokuhlinzekwa ngoDisemba 1999, futhi kuchaze kakhulu futhi kwakha isimo sezwe laseNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kobandlululo. Uhlupho lwamanje lwe-State Capture kanye nobhubhane yenkohlakalo ebukela phansi imizamo yokunciphiswa kanye nokuncishiswa kwe-Covid-19, bathola izimpande zabo ekubhujisweni okuphelele kwamandla wombuso ukulwa nenkohliso hleze lawo mandla aveze ukubola okugcwele kwe-Arms Deal.
Lezi zindleko zezepolitiki zikhulu, kepha ekugcineni azinakuqhathaniswa. Kepha yikuphi okubonakalayo futhi kufanelekile ukwehliswa kumanani alukhuni izindleko ze-Arms Deal ngamaqiniso, kanzima, ngokwemali.
Ngisebenzisa imininingwane etholakala kangcono, ngilinganisela ukuthi izindleko ze-Arms Deal, lapho ziguqulwa ngokwezimali, zilingana no-R142 billion wezi-2020 zamarandi. Noma, kuveze enye indlela, uma ngabe i-Arms Deal ibingenzeka namhlanje, izindleko zokukhokhela okuthengiwe nemali mboleko ethathiwe ukuzoxhasa ngezimali, kuzoba ngama-R142 billion. Ngibekele izibalo engizisebenzisile ukufinyelela lezi zibalo ezingezansi kuNgxenye 2 ukuze umfundi onamandla kakhudlwana (funda: nerdy).
Lesi sibalo esihlaba umxhwele sicekela phansi ezinye zezibalo eziphuma ekuhlaselweni yi-State Capture. Isibonelo, cishe inani eliphindwe kathathu inani lama-R50-billion emiyalweni ebekwe ngabakwaTransnet nabakhiqizi bezitimela abambalwa baseChina, lapho ibhizinisi lobugebengu lakwaGupta lithole ukukhahlela okwenziwe ngomumo ngo-20%.
Yini ebingakhokhelwa esikhundleni salokho?
Yini enye ebesingakhokhela yona uma sichitha leyo R142 billion-billion manje ezintweni esizidingayo (ngokungafani nesixuku samajezi okulwa asetshenziswa phansi kanye nezimpawu zamandla olwandle)?
Okokuqala, singabuyisela imali mboleko ebonakalisiwe uhulumeni asanda kuyikhipha kwi-International Monetary Fund (IMF). Imalimboleko engama- $ 4.3 billion ilingana no-R70 billion. Imali evela kwi-Arms Deal yayingakhokha le mboleko ibuye kabili; noma, okubaluleke kakhulu, ngabe asisusile isidingo semalimboleko kwasekuqaleni.
Isabelomali sakamuva sihlinzeke ngo-R33.3-bhiliyoni wokuxhasa ngemali i-National Student Financial Aid Scheme yonyaka ka-2020/2021. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngemalimboleko kubafundi abenze iziqu zokuqala ukukhokhela izifundo zabo zaseyunivesithi. INingizimu Afrika ibingaluxhasa ngemali lolu hlelo amahlandla amane uma ibisebenzisa imali ye-Arms Deal esikhundleni salokho.
Isabelomali esifanayo sikhombisa ukuthi uhulumeni uhlele ukusebenzisa imali engama-R65 billion kwizibonelelo zokuxhasa izingane. Sisebenzisa imali ye-Arms Deal, besingakukhokhela lokhu kabili ngaphezulu, noma, ngomusa omkhulu, siphindeke kabili inani eliphelele lezibonelelo zokunakekela izingane unyaka.
Kepha isibalo esidonsa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwenhlupheko ye-Covid-19 kanye nokuwohloka kwezwe kanye nokwenziwa komhlaba jikelele okuzoletha umphumela waso, ukulinganisa kwakamuva nje kokuthi kungabiza malini ngonyaka ukwenza uhlelo lokuthola imali oluyisisekelo oluzosusa wonke umuntu waseNingizimu Afrika ophakathi kweminyaka engu-18 no-59 ngaphezulu komugqa wangempela wobuphofu ka-R1,277 ngenyanga. UPeter Attard Montalto wenhlangano ebikezela ibhizinisi i-Intellidex uphakamise ukuthi kungabiza u-R142 billion billion ngonyaka ukwenza lokho: izindleko ngqo ze-Arms Deal ngamanani wama-2020.
Cabanga nje ukuthi: unyaka wonke, phakathi nobhubhane lomhlaba wonke olwembiza umphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika, wonke umuntu waseNingizimu Afrika ususa ubuphofu. Umthelela wangempela wesikhathi eside wezomnotho, wezengqondo nezepolitiki awunakucatshangwa.
Vele, umuntu onamathelayo angaveza ukuthi lezi ziqhathaniso zilungile kancane. I-Arms Deal, ekugcineni, yakhokhelwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, hhayi njengesamba esisodwa. Kepha okungakunaki ukuthi i-Arms Deal ibixhaswe kakhulu yimalimboleko yangaphandle ehlanganisa iningi lezindleko ze-Arms Deal. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali okungenhla, nakho, bekungaxhaswa ngemali mboleko efanayo ngezindleko ezifanayo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20. Futhi lokho ngaphandle kokulahla iNingizimu Afrika ngemishini yezempi ayikaze idinge ngempela futhi okusabiza imali enkulu ukuyigcina futhi isebenza.
Ngubani owenza imali?
Ngokusekelwe ekubaleni kwami kwakamuva, iNingizimu Afrika ikhokhe u-R108.54-billion wezigidi ezingama-2020 zamarandi ezinkampanini zezempi zaseBrithani, e-Italy, eSweden naseJalimani ezasinikeza ama-jet fighter, ama-submarines, ama-corveet kanye nama-helicopter. Le mali yakhokhwa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-14 ukusuka ngonyaka ka-2000 kuya ku-2014.
Kepha okuvame ukukhohlwa ezingxoxweni nge-Arms Deal ukuthi akuzona kuphela izinkampani zezempi zase-Europe ezenze inzuzo enkulu kulokhu, kepha ngamabhange amakhulu ase-Europe ahlinzeka uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika imali mboleko yokukhokhela isivumelwano. Lawa mabhange abandakanya iBarclays Bank yaseBrithani (ebixhasa ngezimali umqeqeshi kanye namajezi alwayo, futhi ebanga imali mboleko enkulu kunazo zonke), i-Commerzbank yaseJalimane (ebixhasa ngemali iCorvette kanye nemigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba), iSoceteeteera yaseFrance ICentrale (eyayisekela ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane).
Impela, izibalo zami zikhombisa ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ikhokha ngaphezulu nje kwezigidi ezingama-R20 billion ezi-2020 zamarandi ngenzalo kuphela emabhange aseYurophu phakathi konyaka we-2003 nowe-2020. INingizimu Afrika nayo ikhokhe enye imali eyizigidi ezingama-R211.2 (engalungisiwe ukukhuphuka kwamanani emali) ekuphathweni, ekuzinikeleni nasekuqineni. imali yezomthetho kumabhange afanayo phakathi kuka-2000 no-2014.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi amanye ala mabhange awazange azibeke engcupheni lapho enikeza iNingizimu Afrika imali mboleko le. Imalimboleko yeBarclays, ngokwesibonelo, ibilotshwe ngumnyango kahulumeni waseBrithani obizwa ngokuthi nguMnyango Wokuqinisekiswa Kwezikweletu Okuthekelisa. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, uhulumeni waseBrithani wayezongena futhi akhokhe iBarclays Bank uma iNingizimu Afrika ishiya phansi.
Ukubhanga kweRentier akukaze kube lula kangako.
Ezinye izindaba ezimbi ezingeziwe
Lokhu kuqhathaniswa, kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhumbule enye into edidayo: intengo yokuthengwa kwezigidi ezingama-R142 billion ye-Arms Deal empeleni ayiyona ingqikithi yezindleko ze-Arms Deal nhlobo: lokhu kubiza malini uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ukuthenga imishini nokubuyisela imali mboleko esetshenziselwe ukuxhasa ukuthenga.
Uhulumeni usazosebenzisa izinsizakusebenza eziningi ukugcina imishini ihamba isikhathi. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi "izindleko zomjikelezo wempilo" wemishini.
Kuze kube manje, kudalulwe zero ukuthi kusetshenziswe malini ekunakekelweni nakweminye imisebenzi esetshenzisweni ye-Arms Deal. Siyazi ukuthi izindleko bezikhuphuke kakhulu kangangokuba i-Air Force yakuqinisekisa ngonyaka we-2016 ukuthi yingxenye kuphela yamajezi ama-Gripen fighter asetshenziswayo, kanti ingxenye igcinwe "kwisitolo esishintshashintshayo", kushaya inani lamahora andizayo abhalwe kulo i-SAAF.
Kepha, ngokususelwa kulwazi lwakwamanye amazwe, Siyazi ukuthi izindleko zokuphila isikhathi eside kungenzeka zibe zinkulu. E-US, ukulinganisa kwamuva okuchazwe kabanzi okusekelwe kudatha yomlando kuphakamisa ukuthi izindleko zokusebenza nokusekelwa kwezinhlelo zezikhali ezinkulu zivela ku-88% kuya ku-112% wezindleko zokutholwa. Ngokusebenzisa lokhu ecaleni laseNingizimu Afrika, futhi nokusebenzisa lezi zangqondo ezifanayo, iNingizimu Afrika kuzodingeka ichithe imali ephindwe kabili ephindwe kanye kanye nezindleko ezinkulu ze-Arms Deal ngaphezulu kwempilo yayo okuhlosiwe yeminyaka engama-40 uma kuzogcinwa imishini yokusebenzisa.
Kodwa-ke, ngokubheka ukuntuleka kwanoma iyiphi idatha enzima evela kuhulumeni ngezindleko zokulungisa, nginqume ukungafaki izindleko zokujikeleza ukubala kwami. Kepha khumbula ukuthi amanani engixoxa ngawo ngezansi awasondeleanani nezindleko eziphelele zokuphila kwe-Arms Deal kumkhokhi wentela waseNingizimu Afrika.
Kungani ukushushiswa kwe-Arms Deal kusadingeka
Ngokusekwe ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili yophenyo, ukuvuza nokushushiswa, siyazi ukuthi izinkampani zase-Europe ezazithengise imishini yaseNingizimu Afrika ibingazidingi, zazikhokha izigidigidi zamarandi uma kunqotshwa kanye “nemali yokubonisana” kubadlali abaxhumene nepolitiki. Futhi ngenkathi uJacob Zuma manje esezobhekana nesikhathi senkantolo maqondana nalezi zinto ezinqobayo, lokhu kufanele kube yisiqalo nje: ukushushiswa okuningi kumele landela.
Akungenxa yokuthi lokhu yilokho okufunwa yizobulungiswa: yingoba lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwezimali kuhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. Empeleni, zonke izinkontileka ze-Arms Deal zifaka nesigatshana esisho ukuthi izinkampani zezikhali ngeke zihlanganyele kunoma iyiphi inkohlakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinkampani zitholakele zephule lo mthetho uma kushushiswa ubugebengu, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika angakhokha inhlawulo ka-10% kumonakalo.
Okusemqoka ukuthi, lezi zinkontileka zazibaluleka ngamadola aseMelika, amakhilogremu aseBrithani, amaSweden Krone kanye nama-Euro, okusho ukuthi inani lazo lerandi lizobe selilandele ukwehla kwamandla emali nokwenyuka kokushintshana kwemali.
Ngisebenzisa ukulinganisa kwami kwezindleko zesivumelwano esiphelele, iNingizimu Afrika ingabuyisa imali eyizigidigidi ezingama-R10 ngama-2020 uma bonke abaphakeli be-Arms Deal behlawuliswa isamba esiphelele sama-10% esivunyelwe kwizinkontileka. Lokhu akulutho, futhi yingxenyeni kuphela yalokho obekungabiza uhulumeni ukuthi enze lezi zinkampani zibhekane nobulungiswa.
Ingxenye 2: Ukulinganisa izindleko zizonke ze-Arms Deal
Kungani asazi izindleko eziphelele ze-Arms Deal ngokuqiniseka okungu-100%?
Kukhulunywa kakhulu ukuthi kusamele silinganise izindleko ze-Arms Deal, kunokuba sibhekise kunamba enokhonkolo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, selokhu kumenyezelwa i-Arms Deal, izindleko zayo zangempela zifihlekile.
Ubumfihlo bezungeza isivumelwano benziwa lula ukusetshenziswa kwalokho okwaziwa njenge-Special Defense account, okwasetshenziswa ukuphendula ngokusetshenziswa kwemali kwe-Arms Deal kwizabelomali zaseNingizimu Afrika. I-Akhawunti Yezokuvikela Ekhethekile yasungulwa ngesikhathi sobandlululo ngenhloso ecacile yokwakha umgodi omnyama wesabelomali ongasetshenziswa ukufihla izinga lokuvinjwa okungekho emthethweni kwezwe lonke.
Ukugcinwa kwemfihlo okunjalo kusho ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, izinkokhelo zizonke ezenziwa kubahlinzeki be-Arms Deal zivele zembulwa okokuqala ngo-2008, lapho kumenyezelwa okokuqala kwiBhajethi likazwelonke. Ngaleso sikhathi, amashumi ezigidigidi zamarandi ayesekhokhelwe.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo azifakwanga izindleko zezimali mboleko ezathathwa ukukhokhela isivumelwano (ikakhulukazi inzalo ekhokhelwe nezinye izindleko zokuphatha). Lokhu bekusho ukuthi, iminyaka eminingi, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokulinganisa izindleko zenkampani bekuwukuthatha izindleko ezichaziwe futhi ungeze kuma-49%, okuphenywa nguhulumeni ukuthi yizo izindleko zokukhokhelwa kwezimali.
Ngo-2011, lapho ngishicilela i-akhawunti enemininingwane ye-Arms Deal nozakwethu uHennie van Vuuren, yilokho kanye esakwenza, sakha izindleko ezilinganiselwe zama-R71 billion ngaleso sikhathi (azange zilungiswe ngokwehla kwamandla emali). Futhi ngenkathi lokhu sekucishe kwalunga impela, manje sesisesimweni lapho singabheka khona ukuthuthukisa okuthile okunembe ngokwengeziwe.
Ukubaliswa okuningilizwe nokuningiliziwe kwezindleko ze-Arms Deal kwenziwa obala ebufakazini besikhathi eside nesisikhulu soMgcinimafa ohlonishwayo, u-Andrew Donaldson. UDonaldson wethule lobu bufakazi kwikhomishini ebizwa ngokuthi yiSeriti Commission of Inquiry, eyayinikezwe umsebenzi wokuphenya ngokungalungile ku-Arms Deal. Njengoba sekwaziwa manje, lokho okutholwe yiKhomishini yaseSeriti kwabekwa eceleni ngo-Agasti 2019 njengoba uSihlalo Wejaji uSeriti kanye noKhomishani ayekanye naye uJaji Hendrick Musi kwatholakala ukuthi behlulekile ukwenza uphenyo oluphelele, olunobulungiswa nolunenjongo kwi-Arms Deal.
Indlela ubufakazi bokuthi u-Donaldson aphathwe ngayo kwikhomishini empeleni, ibiyindlela encane yokuthi ikhomishini yenze umsebenzi wayo kabi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngaphandle kokudalula okuhle kakhulu, ukuhanjiswa kukaDonaldson bekuqukethe umbono obalulekile ikhomishini ehlulekile ukukhomba noma ngisho nokubuza uDonaldson ngayo, ikushiye kungacacisiwe - kanti nezindleko ze-Arms Deal zisakacaci.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-Arms Deal accounting
Ukuqonda ubunzulu besitatimende sikaDonaldson umuntu kufanele athathe into engemihle ekusebenzeni koMnyango Wezimali nokuthi izindleko ezihlukile zibalwa kanjani kwisabelomali sikazwelonke. Ngibekezelele.
I-Arms Deal yaxhaswa ngezimali, engxenyeni enkulu, ngemalimboleko enkulu eyayikhishwe emabhange amakhulu aphesheya. Lezi mboleko bezihlala emabhodweni, lapho iNingizimu Afrika ingakhipha imali ukukhokhela abahlinzeki bemishini. Empeleni, lokhu bekuchaza ukuthi unyaka nonyaka, iNingizimu Afrika yayizothatha imali kwizikhungo zemalimboleko ezinikezwe amabhange (eyaziwa ngokuthi yi “drawdown” embolekweni), bese isebenzisa le mali ukukhokha izindleko ezinkulu (okungukuthi, inani langempela lokuthenga) ezinkampanini zezingalo.
Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke imali eyayikhokhelwa izinkampani zezikhali ethathwe kulezi mboleko, ngoba iNingizimu Afrika nayo yasebenzisa imali kwisabelomali sokuvikela esikhona ukwenza izinkokhelo zonyaka. Le mali yabiwa kusuka kwisabelomali sikazwelonke futhi yaba yingxenye yezindleko ezijwayelekile zikahulumeni. Lokhu kukhonjiswe ngokugqamile ngezansi:
Lokhu kusho ukuthi asikwazi ukuthembela kunani eliphelele lemalimboleko kanye nentshisekelo yazo ukubala izindleko ze-Arms Deal, njengoba ezinye izindleko zenkontileka bezingafakwa kwimalimboleko yemboleko, kodwa kunalokho ikhokhelwe iphume ngaphandle kwaseNingizimu Afrika isabelomali esijwayelekile sokusebenza kuzwelonke.
UDonaldson, ebufakazini bakhe, wathi izindleko zangempela zamarandi ze-Arms Deal, noma, ngamagama alula, inani elikhokhwa ngqo ezinkampanini zezikhali, lalingu-R46.666 billion phakathi konyaka ka-2000 no-2014, lapho kwenziwa inkokhelo yokugcina. Ubuye waveza nokuthi, kusukela ngoMashi 2014, izwe laseNingizimu Afrika kusamele libuyisele u-R12.1 billion billion kwizimali ezibolekiwe uqobo, ngaphezu kwemali eyizigidi eziyizigidi ezingama-R2.6 enenzalo.
Ukuthatha lokhu ngokubaluleka, nokusebenza nezinombolo, kungabonakala njenge ndlela elula yokubala izindleko ze-Arms Deal ukwengeza isamba esikhokhelwe izinkampani zezikhali phakathi konyaka ka-2000 no-2014 njengoba kukhonjiswa kwisabelomali soMnyango Wezokuvikela, nenani okusamele likhokhwe kwimalimboleko efaka inzalo kusukela ngonyaka ka-2014, kanjena:
Uma sifakwa ndawonye ngale ndlela, sifinyelela inani lama-R61.501-billion. Futhi, empeleni, kwakuyisibalo esifanayo lesi esasibikwa kwabezindaba zaseNingizimu Afrika ngaleso sikhathi, iphutha elenziwa, ngokwehluleka kweKhomishini yaseSeriti ukucacisa ubufakazi bukaDonaldon.
Iphutha lisendaweni yokuthi ubufakazi bukaDonaldson buhlanganisa itafula elinemininingwane ekugcineni kwesitatimende sakhe esachaza ukuthi yimalini ekhokhelwe ukuhlawula imali eyinhlawulo kanye nezingxenye zenzalo yemalimboleko. Ithebula leli likuqinisekisile ukuthi, kuze kube ngu-2014, imali engu-R10.1-billion ayikhokhelwe ngaphezulu kwenkokhelo yemali mboleko.
Ngokunengqondo, singasho ukuthi le mali ayikhokhwanga isabelomali soMnyango Wezokuvikela, ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, imali ekhokhwa kwisabelomali soMnyango Wezokuvikela yakhokhelwa izinkampani ezihweba ngezikhali, hhayi amabhange. Okwesibili, njengoba uDonaldson eqinisekisile, ukukhokhelwa kwemali mboleko neyenzalo kubalwa ku-National Revenue Fund, hhayi izabelomali ezithile zomnyango.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, okulula nje, ukuthi sinenye izindleko esizofaka kuzindleko zethu zefomula ye-Arms Deal, okungukuthi, imali ekhokhelwe inzalo phakathi kuka-2000 no-2014, okusinikeza lokhu okulandelayo:
Sisebenzisa lesi sibalo sithola izindleko ezingama-R71.864-billion:
Futhi manje kulungiswa ukwehla kwamandla emali
Ukwehla kwamandla emali kungukunyuka kwezindleko zezimpahla nezinsizakalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngohlobo oluthile lwemali. Noma, ngokumane, isinkwa esenziwe ngo-1999 sabiza kancane ngamanani amarandi kunalokho okwenzeka ngo-2020.
Lokhu kunjalo nange-Arms Deal futhi. Ukuthola ukuthi i-Arms Deal ibiza malini ngempela ngokwemibandela esingayiqonda namuhla, sidinga ukuveza izindleko zenkokhelo ngamanani angu-2020. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izigidigidi ezingama-R2.9 esazikhokhela izinkampani zezikhali ngonyaka ka 2000/01 azilingani no-R2.9 billion billion okhokhelwe manje, njengoba nje u-R2.50 sakhokha isinkwa esenziwe ngo-1999 ukungafuni ukuthenga isinkwa esibanzi ebiza u-R10 ngo-2020.
Ukubala izindleko ze-Arms Deal ngamanani angu-2020, ngenze izibalo ezintathu ezihlukile.
Okokuqala, ngithathe imali ebikhokhelwa izinkampani zezempi unyaka nonyaka kwisabelomali soMnyango Wezokuvikela. Ngibe sengishintsha inani lonyaka ngalinye lokwehla kwamandla emali, ukuletha kumanani entengo angama-2020, njengoba kunjalo:
Okwesibili, ngenzalo esele ikhokhwe, ngenza into efanayo. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni akakaze ashicilele ukuthi yimalini ekhokhelwa inzalo minyaka yonke. Siyazi-ke nokho, ngesitatimende sikaDonaldson, ukuthi yimuphi unyaka uhulumeni aqala ukubuyisela imali mboleko ethile, futhi futhi siyazi ukuthi imalimboleko yabuyiselwa ngemali efakwe ngokulingana njalo ngonyaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi inzalo yabuyiselwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngithathe kanjalo-ke inani elikhokhelwe inzalo kwimalimboleko ngayinye, futhi ngiyihlukanise ngenani leminyaka phakathi nokubolekwa kwemali mboleko nango-2014 (usuku lwesitatimende sikaDonaldson), bese ngilungisa unyaka nonyaka ukuze kube nokwehla kwamandla emali.
Ukuze usebenzise isibonelo, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika wakhipha imali emithathu aboleke yona neBarclays Bank ukukhokhela izindleko zokuthengwa kwama-Hawk kanye namaGripen Jets kuma-BAE Systems nakuSAAB. Isitatimende sikaDonaldson sibonisa ukuthi imalimboleko yakho yafakwa esimweni “sokubuyisa” ngo-2005, nokuthi imali engu-R6 billion yabuyiselwa kwimalimboleko phakathi kwalokho no-2014. kithi lesi sibalo:
Ekugcineni, ngisebenzise ukubalwa okufanayo kwamanani asazolungiswa kumalimboleko (womabili amakhulu nezinzalo) kusukela ngonyaka ka-2014. Isitatimende sikaDonaldson sikuqinisekisile ukuthi imali mboleko ehlukile izokhokhwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Imalimboleko yokuthenga ngemigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, ngokwesibonelo, izokhokhwa ngoJulayi 2016, amakhandlela ngo-Ephreli 2014, kanye neBarclays Bank imalimboleko kumajezi amaHawk naseGripen ngo-Okthoba 2020. Ubuye waqinisekisa nokuthi imali ephelele izobuyiselwa kwimalimboleko ngayinye. phakathi kuka-2014 nalezozinsuku.
Ukuhlelela ukwehla kwamandla emali, ngithathe imali ebikiwe njengengakhokhile (yomabili nokukhokhwa kwenzalo emalimbolekweni), ngiyihlukanise ngokulinganayo ngonyaka kuze kube usuku lokugcina lokukhokha, bese ngilungisa unyaka ngamunye ngokwehla kwamanani. Ukuze usebenzise isibonelo seBarclays Bank futhi, sithola lezi zibalo:
Umuntu ofunda ngokucophelela ngabe wabona okuthile okubalulekile: ukuthi kusondele unyaka ka-2020, okuncane kakhulu uma kukhuphuka kwamanani entengo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukulinganisa kwami kuphezulu kakhulu, ngoba kungenzeka (noma kungenzeki) ukuthi ezinye izinkokhelo zenzalo zenziwe eduze kuka-2020 kune-2014.
Okukhathaza lokhu iqiniso lokuthi isitatimende sikaDonaldson sanikeza amanani ukuthi abuyiselwe ezibalweni zamarandi. Kodwa-ke, imali ebolekisiwe empeleni ihlanganiswe nengxube yamaphawundi aseBrithani, amadola aseMelika kanye ne-krone yaseSweden. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi iRandi lithathe ini ngalo lonke lolu hlaka lwezimali kusukela ngonyaka ka-2014, kungenzeka ukuthi amanani erandi akhokhelwe ayephakeme kunalokho okushiwo uDonaldson ukuthi kuzoba njalo phakathi kuka-2014 no-2020.
Ngokuphuma kwale ndlela yokuqothuka, manje sesingangeza wonke amanani alungisiwe okwehla kwamandla emali, size ngezindleko eziphelele zezigidigidi ezingama-R142.864 ngamanani angama-2020:
