Ukuphikelela Kwe-Pinkerism

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, November 12, 2021

Ngimdala ngokwanele ukukhumbula lapho wawungakwazi ukwenza umcimbi wokukhuluma ohlobene nempi nokuthula ngaphandle kokubuzwa imibuzo eminingi enengqondo futhi engeyona enengqondo mayelana ne-9/11 (ngayinye ihambisana nenqwaba yama-DVD namaflaya ethulwa kuwe njenge isambulo esivela phezulu). Kwakunesikhathi eside lapho ungase uthembele embuzweni ongenakugwenywa mayelana “nowoyela ophakeme.” Sengike ngaba khona ngokwanele ukwazi ukuthi awukwazi ukukhuluma nabantu abathanda ukuthula ngaphandle kombuzo mayelana nokudala uMnyango Wokuthula, noma kubantu abangenalo ukuthula ngaphandle kombuzo mayelana nezimpi ezinhle zobuntu ngokumelene nabokufika abangenangqondo abangakwazi ' kungaboniswana, noma kunoma yiliphi iqembu e-United States nakwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokuthi “Kuthiwani ngoHitler?,” noma kunoma yiziphi izethameli ezizikhethele emcimbini ohlobene nokuthula ngaphandle kombuzo wokuthi kungani abanye abantu amakamelo amadala ngokungenakulinganiswa, amhlophe, futhi aphakathi. Anginandaba kakhulu nemibuzo engabikezelwa. Bangivumela ukuba ngilungise izimpendulo zami, ngiprakthize ukubekezela kwami, futhi ngiyazise imibuzo engalindelekile lapho ifika. Kodwa, Nkulunkulu wami, uma abantu bengayeki nge-Pinkerism engalawuleki ngingavele ngizikhiphe zonke izinwele zami.

“Kodwa impi ayipheli? USteven Pinker ukuqinisekisile lokho. ”

Cha. Akazange. Futhi ayikwazanga. Impi ayikwazi ukuvuka noma izihambela yodwa. Abantu kufanele benze impi yande noma iqhubeke noma yehle. Futhi abakwenzi ukuthi kwehle. Futhi lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba ngaphandle kokuthi sisiqaphele isidingo sokuthi inhlangano yabantu iqede impi, impi izosiqeda; ngoba ngaphandle uma sibona isikhathi esingenakuthula ngendlela enyantisayo esiphila kuso angeke sibe nandaba noma senze okuthile egameni lezisulu zaso; ngoba uma sicabanga ukuthi impi izophela njengoba imali yezempi ikhuphuka kancane ophahleni, singase sicabange ukuthi impi ayibalulekile noma isekela ukuthula; ngoba ukungaqondi isikhathi esidlule njengehluke ngokuyisisekelo futhi kunodlame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kungaholela futhi kuholele ekuthetheleleni izenzo zokuziphatha okubi okufanele zilahlwe uma sifuna ukwenza kangcono; futhi ngenxa yokuthi kokubili i-Pinkerism kanye nezempi kusekelwa ubandlululo olufanayo oluhlukile - uma ukholelwa ukuthi abantu baseCrimea abavotela ukujoyina kabusha iRussia kuwubugebengu obunodlame kunabo bonke kuleli khulu leminyaka, cishe uzokholelwa ukuthi impi esongelayo yaseChina yinhle. eyezingane nezinye izinto eziphilayo (kodwa ayibalwa njengempi).

Kube nokugxeka okukhulu kuka-Pinker Izingelosi Ezingcono Zemvelo Yethu kusukela ngosuku 1. Enye yezintandokazi zami ekuqaleni yayisuka U-Edward Herman noDavid Peterson. Iqoqo lakamuva libizwa Izingelosi Ezimnyama Zemvelo Yethu. Kepha abantu ababuza umbuzo we-Pinkerism kubonakala sengathi abakaze bacabange ukuthi noma yini u-Pinker ayishoyo ibingatshazwa nakancane, kungasaphathwa kahle izazi-mlando ezingenakubalwa. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu, ngokwengxenye, kungenxa yokuthi u-Pinker ungumfana ohlakaniphile nombhali omuhle (unezinye izincwadi engizithandayo, engingazithandi, futhi zinemibono exubile), ngokwengxenye ngoba sonke siyazi ukuthi izitayela zesikhathi eside zingase zihluke. yalokho esikucabangayo (futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi imithombo yezindaba yase-US idala izinkolelo ezingamanga ekukhuphukeni kwamazinga obugebengu ngokugcwalisa "izindaba" izinhlelo ngobugebengu), ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi okwehlukile kudala izimpumputhe ezithile, futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi abantu bafundiswe ukukholelwa enqubeni yonxiwankulu baseNtshonalanga kusukela besebancane futhi bayakujabulela ukukholelwa kuyo.

UPinker akatholi lonke iqiniso elingenzeka encwadini yakhe yonke, kodwa iziphetho zakhe ezijwayelekile zonke azilungile noma aziqinisekisiwe. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe izibalo ezikhethiwe, ezibhalwe kabanzi kuzixhumanisi ezingenhla, kuqhutshwa amagoli amabili agqagqene. Enye iwukwenza okwedlule kube nodlame kakhulu kunamanje. Okunye ukwenza isiko elingelona elaseNtshonalanga libe nodlame kakhulu kunaseNtshonalanga. Ngakho-ke, udlame lwama-Aztec lusekelwe kokungaphezudlwana kwama-movie ase-Hollywood, kuyilapho udlame lwe-Pentagon lusekelwe kudatha egunyazwe yi-Pentagon. Umphumela uyisivumelwano sika-Pinker nenganekwane yezemfundo yase-US ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi yeminyaka engu-75 edlule yakha inkathi enkulu yokuthula. Eqinisweni, ukufa kwezimpi okungakaze kubonwe, ukulimala, ukuhlukumezeka, ukucekelwa phansi, nokungabi namakhaya okudalwe yimpi kwekhulu lama-20 kuye kwaqhubekela kwelama-21.

Indlela yokubonakalisa umonakalo wezimpi kuncike ekutheni ukhetha yini ukufaka ukufa okungazelelwe (ukuzibulala kamuva nokufa ngenxa yokulimala nokuswela kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ngenxa yezimpi), nokuthi ukhetha yini ukufaka ukufa nokuhlupheka obekungavinjelwa izinsiza ezachithwa ezimpini. Ngisho noma uzimisele ukuhamba nezifundo ezithembeke kakhulu mayelana nokufa ngokushesha, ziyizilinganiso kuphela; futhi unenhlanhla uma ungathola ngisho nezilinganiso ezithembekile ekubulaweni kwempi okungasheshanga kangako. Kepha singaqiniseka ngokwanele ukwazi ukuthi isithombe sikaPinker sokuhwamuka kwempi siwumbhedo ngokwaso.

Ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ngathi ukuthi sicabangele ukufa nokuhlupheka okubangelwa unswinyo nokungabi nabulungisa kwezomnotho nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukuthi u-Pinker uyakwenza noma cha, nokuthi sibiza noma cha izinto ezinjalo ngokuthi “ubudlova.” Isikhungo sempi senza umonakalo omkhulu kunezimpi nje. Ngicabanga futhi ukuthi kungcono ukungacabangi ubungozi obulokhu bukhula ye-apocalypse yenuzi ebingeke ibe khona ngaphandle kwempi kanye nayo yonke “inqubekelaphambili” eyenziwayo yokuthi iqhutshwa kanjani futhi isongelwa kanjani.

Kodwa ikakhulukazi ngicabanga ukuthi sidinga ukuqaphela ukuthi umhlaba onokuthula nokungabi nobudlova u-Pinker azicabangela yena empeleni kungenzeka i-100% uma futhi kuphela uma sisebenzela yona.