Ukushushiswa Okuqhubekayo Futhi Okungenakulungiswa KukaJulian Assange

Ngu-Andy Worthington, ngoSepthemba 10, 2020

Kusukela Ukuphikiswa Okudumile

Umzabalazo obaluleke kakhulu wenkululeko yabezindaba njengamanje uyenzeka e-Old Bailey eLondon, lapho, ngoMsombuluko, kwaqala amasonto amathathu okulalelwa kwamacala mayelana nokukhishwa kwe-US uJulian Assange, umsunguli we-WikiLeaks. Ngo-2010 nango-2011, iWikiLeaks yashicilela imibhalo edalulwe yilungu ebelisebenza ebusosheni baseMelika - uBradley, manje osekuyiChelsea Manning - eveze obala ubufakazi bamacala empi ezibophezelwe yi-US futhi, esimweni sendawo yami ethile yobuchwepheshe, iGuantánamo.

Izambulo zaseGuantánamo zazifakwe emafayeleni ezempi ahlukanisiwe aphathelene nawo wonke amadoda angama-779 agcinwe ejele ngamasosha ase-US selokhu lavulwa ngoJanuwari 2002, nokuyilapho, okokuqala ngqa, lembula ngokusobala ukuthi buthembeke kangakanani ubufakazi obucatshangwa ukuthi bubhekene neziboshwa yayiningi, okwenziwe yiziboshwa ezazenze izitatimende ezingamanga eziningi ngokumelene nezinye iziboshwa. Ngisebenze neWikiLeaks njengomlingani wezokuxhumana ekukhululweni kwamafayela eGuantánamo, futhi ukufingqwa kwami ​​kokubaluleka kwamafayela kungatholakala ku-athikili engiyibhalile ngenkathi ishicilelwa okokuqala enesihloko esithi, I-WikiLeaks Yembula Amafayela WaseGuantánamo Oyimfihlo, Iveza Inqubomgomo Yokuboshwa Njengeyokwakhiwa Kwamanga.

Kufanele ngengeze ukuthi ngingomunye wofakazi bezokuvikela, futhi ngizovela enkantolo ngesinye isikhathi emasontweni ambalwa ezayo ukuxoxa ngokubaluleka kwamafayela eGuantánamo. Bona lokhu okuthunyelwe ngu-Kevin Gosztola we-Shadowproof ohlwini labo ababambe iqhaza, okubandakanya uSolwazi Noam Chomsky, uJameel Jaffer, umqondisi omkhulu we-Knight First Amendment Institute e-Columbia University, izintatheli uJohn Goetz, uJakob Augstein, u-Emily Dische-Becker noSami Ben Garbia, abameli u-Eric U-Lewis noBarry Pollack, kanye noDkt Sondra Crosby, udokotela owahlola u-Assange ngenkathi eseNxusa lase-Ecuador, lapho ahlala khona cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa ngemuva kokucela ukukhoseliswa e-2012.

Icala lokuzivikela (bheka lapha futhi lapha) kanye necala lokushushisa (bheka lapha) zenziwe zatholakala nge Amabhuloho Enkululeko Yezindaba, "esebenza ukufundisa umphakathi nababambiqhaza abakhulu ngezinsongo zenkululeko yezokusakaza kuyo yonke imikhakha yokubika kwedijithali kwanamuhla," futhi le nhlangano ibuye yenze nezitatimende zofakazi lapho ofakazi bevela - kuze kube manje, uprofesa waseMelika wezokusakaza ubuntatheli UMark Feldstein (bheka lapha futhi lapha), Ummeli uClive Stafford Smith, umsunguli weReprieve (bheka lapha), UPaul Rogers, uprofesa wezifundo zokuthula eBradford University (bheka lapha), noTrevor Timm weNkululeko ye-Press Foundation (bona lapha).

Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu - namasonto obufakazi besazi abazoza - iqiniso elimsulwa ukuthi lezi zilaleli akufanele zenzeke nhlobo. Ekwenzeni kutholakale esidlangalaleni imibhalo edalulwe nguManning, iWikiLeaks ibisebenza njengomshicileli, futhi, yize ohulumeni ngokusobala bengabuthandi ubufakazi obushicilelwa mayelana nezimfihlo zabo nobugebengu, okunye kokucacisa umehluko phakathi komphakathi okusolwa ukuthi ukhululekile nobushiqela ukuthi , emphakathini okhululekile, labo abashicilela imibhalo evulekile egxeka ohulumeni babo abajeziswa ngezindlela ezisemthethweni zokwenza kanjalo. E-US, ukuChitshiyelwa kokuQala koMthethosisekelo wase-US, oqinisekisa ukukhuluma ngokukhululeka, kuhloselwe ukuvimbela okwenzekayo njengamanje endabeni kaJulian Assange.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekushicileleni imibhalo edalulwe ngabakwaManning, Assange neWikiLeaks bezingasebenzi zodwa; esikhundleni salokho, basebenze ngokuseduze namaphephandaba amaningi ahlonishwayo, ukuze kuthi uma kungenzeka kwenziwe icala lokuthi i-Assange ne-WikiLeaks babandakanyeka ezenzweni zobugebengu, nabashicileli nabahleli New York Times, lo Washington Post, lo Guardian nawo wonke amanye amaphephandaba emhlabeni wonke abesebenzisana no-Assange ekukhishweni kwale mibhalo, njengoba ngichazile ukuthi u-Assange waboshwa nini futhi wamangalelwa nini ngonyaka owedlule, kuma-athikili abhalwe ukuthi, Vikela uJulian Assange neWikiLeaks: I-Press Freedom Ixhomeke Kuyo futhi Misa Ukukhishwa: Uma uJulian Assange Enecala Le-Espionage, Kanjalo NeNew York Times, iGuardian Neminye Imithombo Yezindaba Eminingi, futhi, ngoFebhuwari nonyaka, esihlokweni esithi, Isimemezelo Sokuthi Abezindaba Abakhulu Bavikele Inkululeko Yezindaba Nokuphikisa Ukuqokwa Okuhlongozwayo KukaJulian Assange e-US.

Isisekelo sezinsolo zaseMelika zokushushisa u-Assange yi-Espionage Act yango-1917, egxekwe kakhulu. Umbiko ngo-2015 yi-PEN American Center etholakele, njengoba Wikipedia wachaza, ukuthi “cishe bonke abameleli abangekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni abaxoxisana nabo, kubandakanya izishoshovu, abameli, izintatheli kanye nabashayela impempe, 'babecabanga ukuthi umthetho i-Espionage Act usetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele emacaleni avuzayo anezinto ezithinta umphakathi.'” Njengoba i-PEN ichazile, " Ochwepheshe bakuchaze 'njengethuluzi elibuthuntu,' 'elinolaka, elibanzi nelicindezelayo,' 'ithuluzi lokwesabisa,' 'ukuphola kwenkululeko yokukhuluma,' kanye 'nemoto embi yokushushisa abavuzayo nabashayela impempe.' ”

UMongameli u-Obama wayecabangele ukufuna ukuthi uJulian Assange abuyiselwe ezweni lakhe, kepha waphetha kahle ukuthi ukwenza lokho kuzoba ukuhlaselwa kwenkululeko yezindaba okungakaze kube khona futhi okungamukeleki. Njengoba uCharlie Savage echaze ku- New York Times lapho u-Assange ebekwa icala, abaphathi baka-Obama "babenesisindo sokumangalela uMnu. Assange, kodwa basenqaba leso sinyathelo ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi sizothuthukisa ubuntatheli obuphenyayo futhi singashaywa njengesingahambisani nomthethosisekelo."

UDonald Trump kanye nabaphathi bakhe, nokho, babengenakho ukuthuka okunjalo, futhi ngenkathi bethatha isinqumo sokuqhubeka nesicelo sokukhishwa kwe-Assange, uhulumeni waseBrithani wavumela ukweyisa kwakhe umsunguli we-WikiLeaks ukuba kweqe obekufanele kube ukuvikela kwakhe inkululeko yabezindaba shicilela okokusebenza okunentshisekelo efanayo, kepha ohulumeni bangahle bangafuni ukuthi kushicilelwe, njengengxenye yokusebenza okudingekayo komphakathi obona isidingo samasheke namabhalansi emandleni aphelele, lapho abezindaba bekwazi khona, futhi okufanele badlale indima enkulu .

Ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa okusobala kwenkululeko yezindaba okumelwe yicala lika-Assange, uhulumeni wase-US - futhi, mhlawumbe nabasekeli bakhe kuhulumeni waseBrithani - benza sengathi lokho leli cala elikushoyo empeleni kungumsebenzi wobugebengu ohlangothini luka-Assange ekutholeni imininingwane okushicilelwe kamuva, nokunganakwa kokuphepha kwabantu kumafayili amagama abo adaluliwe.

Elokuqala kulawa macala, elavulwa ngosuku u-Assange aboshwa ngalo (ngo-Ephreli 11 nyakenye), wathi wayezamile ukusiza uManning ukuthi angene ngokukhohlisa ikhompuyutha kahulumeni ukuze angabanjwa, icala elalinesigwebo seminyaka emihlanu, empeleni kufakwe ecaleni likaManning.

Kodwa-ke, amacala ayi-17 wobunhloli ahlanganisa insimu entsha, “egxile,” njengoba uCharlie Savage echaza, “kumafayili ambalwa ayequkethe amagama abantu ababenikeze ulwazi e-United States ezindaweni eziyingozi njengezindawo zempi zase-Afghanistan nase-Iraq. , nezifundazwe ezinengcindezelo njengeChina, i-Iran neSyria. ”

Njengoba uSavage engeze, “Ubufakazi obabekwa ecaleni likaMnu u-Assange babonisa imininingwane eyethulwe ngabashushisi bezempi ecaleni lika-2013 likaMs. Manning. Abashushisi ecaleni lakhe baphinde basola ukuthi isenzo sakhe sibeka engcupheni abantu abamagama abo avezwa emadokhumeni ngenkathi uMnu Assange ewakhipha, yize bengekho bufakazi bokuthi kubulawe umuntu ngenxa yalokhu. ”

Leli phuzu lokugcina kufanele ukuthi libaluleke impela, kepha uSavage waphawula ukuthi isikhulu soMnyango Wezobulungiswa “senqabile ukusho ukuthi bukhona yini ubufakazi obunjalo manje, kodwa sagcizelela ukuthi abashushisi kuzodingeka bafakazele enkantolo kuphela lokho abakushoyo kuleli cala: leyo ncwadi beka abantu engozini. ”

Uma ekhishwa enkantolo futhi eshushiswa ngempumelelo, u-Assange ubhekene nesigwebo seminyaka engu-175, esingishaya njengokweqisa ngokweqile ngokuthi “ngibeke abantu engozini,” kodwa-ke konke mayelana naleli cala kweqile, hhayi ngendlela uhulumeni wase-US azizwa enelungelo ngayo shintsha imithetho noma kunini lapho ifuna khona.

NgoJuni, ngokwesibonelo, i-US yalilahla leli cala elalivele likhona futhi yaletha elisha, nezimangalo ezengeziwe zokuthi u-Assange wayezamile ukuthola abanye abaduni - njengokungathi ukuhambisa icala elinjengaleli kwakuyindlela yokuziphatha ejwayelekile, kuyilapho kungenjalo.

Ngenkathi kuqala ukuqulwa kwecala lokukhishwa kwalaba bantu ngoMsombuluko, uMark Summers QC, ongomunye wabameli baka-Assange, ubize ukulethwa kwecala lokumangalelwa “njengokungajwayelekile, okungalungile futhi okufanele ukubangela ukungabi nabulungisa kwangempela.” Njengoba i- Guardian kuchaziwe, uSummers uthe le nto eyengeziwe "ibivele ingabonakali," futhi "iveze izinsolo ezingeziwe zobugebengu ezibanga zona ngokwazo zingaba izizathu ezihlukile zokukhishwa, njengokuntshontshwa kwedatha emabhange, ukuthola imininingwane ngokulandela izimoto zamaphoyisa , futhi kuthiwa 'ngisiza impimpe [u-Edward Snowden] eHong Kong.' ”

Njengoba uSummers eqhubeka echaza, "Lesi yisicelo esisha sokubuyiselwa kwamanye amazwe," esho, "esethulwe ngesikhashana ngesikhathi u-Assange 'evinjelwe' ukukhuluma nabameli bakhe." Uphinde wathi u-Assange nabameli bakhe bakholelwa ukuthi okokusebenza okungeziwe kwethulwe kanye nesenzo sokuphelelwa yithemba, ngoba "i-US ibone ukuqina kwecala lezokuvikela futhi yacabanga ukuthi bazolahla." Ucele iJaji uVanessa Baraitser ukuthi 'acubungule' noma achithe amacala abekwe wona aseMelika, ”waphinde wafuna ukubambezela ukulalelwa kwecala lokukhishwa kwalaba bantu, kodwa iJaji uBaraitser wenqaba.

Kusazobonakala ukuthi, njengoba icala liqhubeka, labo abavikela u-Assange bangakwazi ukuncenga ijaji ukuthi lisiphike isicelo seMelika sokulanda izwe. Kubukeka kungeke kwenzeke, kepha into esemqoka ngalesi sivumelwano sokubuyiselwa kwamanye amazwe ukuthi akufanele kube ngamacala ezepolitiki, noma ngabe yilokho uhulumeni wase-US empeleni abonakala ekufuna, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa kwakhe i-Espionage Act. Njengoba kuchaza omunye wabameli baka-Assange, u-Edward Fitzgerald QC, empikiswaneni yezokuvikela, ayibhalile, ukushushiswa kuka-Assange "kulandelwa izinhloso zezombusazwe ezingezinhle hhayi ngokuthembeka".

Njengoba eqhubeka echaza "Isicelo [saseMelika] sifuna ukufakwa kwamanye amazwe ngalokho okuyi'cala lezepolitiki 'lakudala. Ukwelulwa kwecala lezombusazwe akuvunyelwe ngokusobala yindatshana 4 (1) yesivumelwano sokukhishwa kweNgilandi ne-US. Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuhlukumeza inqubo yale nkantolo yokufuna ukuthi le nkantolo ibuyise abantu ngesisekelo sesivumelwano se-Anglo-US esaphula imibandela yalesi sivumelwano. ”

U-Andy Worthington uyintatheli ephenya ngokuzimela, isishoshovu, umbhali, photographer, owenza ifilimu futhi umculi-umbhali wengoma (umculi oholayo nombhali wezingoma weqembu laseLondon Obaba abane, okwakungumculo wakhe itholakala ngeBandcamp).