NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Februwari 5, i-2023
UDavid Swanson ungumbhali wencwadi entsha I-Monroe Doctrine at 200 nokuthi Yini Ongayishintsha Ngayo.
I-Monroe Doctrine kwaxoxwa ngayo okokuqala ngaphansi kwalelo gama njengesizathu sempi yase-US e-Mexico eyasusa umngcele wase-US osentshonalanga eningizimu, yagwinya izifunda zanamuhla zaseCalifornia, Nevada, ne-Utah, iningi laseNew Mexico, e-Arizona naseColorado, izingxenye zeTexas, Oklahoma, Kansas, neWyoming. Kwakungekona neze ukuthi kude le eningizimu njengoba abanye babengathanda ukususa umngcele.
Impi eyinhlekelele ePhilippines nayo yavela empini enesizathu seMonroe-Doctrine ngokumelene neSpain (kanye neCuba nePuerto Rico) eCaribbean. Futhi i-imperialism yomhlaba wonke yayiwukwandiswa okushelelayo kwe-Monroe Doctrine.
Kepha kubhekiselwa eLatin America lapho i-Monroe Doctrine ivame ukucashunwa khona namuhla, kanti i-Monroe Doctrine ibilokhu imaphakathi nokuhlasela kwe-US komakhelwane bayo abaseningizimu iminyaka engama-200. Phakathi nalawa makhulu eminyaka, amaqembu kanye nabantu ngabanye, kuhlanganise nezihlakaniphi zaseLatin America, bobabili baye baphikisana nokuthethelela kweMonroe Doctrine of imperialism futhi bafuna ukuphikisa ngokuthi i-Monroe Doctrine kufanele ihunyushwe ngokuthi ikhuthaza ukuzihlukanisa kanye ne-multilateralism. Zombili lezi zindlela ziye zaba nempumelelo elinganiselwe. Ukungenelela kwe-US kuye kwancipha futhi kwageleza kodwa akuzange kume.
Ukuduma kwe-Monroe Doctrine njengendawo eyinkomba enkulumweni yase-US, eyakhuphuka yafinyelela ukuphakama okumangazayo phakathi nekhulu le-19, yafinyelela cishe isimo seSimemezelo Sokuzimela noma Somthethosisekelo, ngokwengxenye kungase kube ngenxa yokungacaci kwayo kanye nokugwema kwayo. yokubophezela uhulumeni wase-US kunoma yini ethile, kuyilapho kuzwakala sengathi uyindoda. Njengoba izinkathi ezihlukahlukene zengeza “okuhambisanayo” nezincazelo zazo, abahlaziyi bangavikela inguqulo yabo abayithandayo kwabanye. Kepha itimu evelele, ngaphambi nangaphezulu nangemuva kukaTheodore Roosevelt, ibilokhu ingumbuso wama-imperialism ohlukile.
Iningi lama-filibustering fiasco eCuba kudala landulela i-Bay of Pigs SNAFU. Kepha uma kukhulunywa ngokuphunyuka kwama-gringos akhukhumele, azikho isampula zezinganekwane ezingaqedwa ngaphandle kwendaba ethize eyingqayizivele kodwa evezayo kaWilliam Walker, umdidiyeli wefilibuster owazenza umongameli waseNicaragua, wathwala eningizimu ukwanda okwakwenziwa abanduleli abanjengoDaniel Boone entshonalanga. . I-Walker ayiwona umlando we-CIA oyimfihlo. I-CIA bekufanele ibe khona. Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1850 u-Walker kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ukunakwa okuningi emaphephandabeni ase-US kunanoma yimuphi umongameli wase-US. Ezinsukwini ezine ezahlukene, i New York Times wanikela lonke ikhasi layo lokuqala emigilweni yakhe. Ukuthi abantu abaningi eMelika Ephakathi bayalazi igama lakhe futhi cishe akekho umuntu e-United States olaziyo ukukhetha okwenziwa izimiso zemfundo ezifanele.
Akekho e-United States onombono wokuthi uWilliam Walker wayengubani akalingani namuntu e-United States owayazi ukuthi kwakukhona ukuketula umbuso e-Ukraine ngo-2014. Futhi akufani neminyaka engu-20 kusukela manje wonke umuntu wehlulekile ukufunda ukuthi iRussiagate yayingumkhonyovu. . Ngingalinganisa ngokuseduze neminyaka engu-20 kusukela manje akekho owaziyo ukuthi kwakukhona impi ye-2003 e-Iraq lapho uGeorge W. Bush akhuluma noma yimaphi amanga ngayo. U-Walker ube yizindaba ezinkulu ezisulwe kamuva.
U-Walker wazitholela umyalo webutho laseNyakatho Melika okuthiwa lisiza elinye lamaqembu amabili alwayo eNicaragua, kodwa empeleni wenza lokho u-Walker akukhetha, okuhlanganisa nokuthumba idolobha laseGranada, ephethe izwe ngempumelelo, futhi ekugcineni ebambe ukhetho oluyinkohliso lwakhe. . U-Walker waqala ukusebenza edlulisela ubunikazi bomhlaba kuma-gringos, esungula ubugqila, nokwenza isiNgisi ulimi olusemthethweni. Amaphephandaba aseningizimu ye-US abhala ngeNicaragua njengezwe lase-US elizayo. Kodwa u-Walker wakwazi ukwenza isitha se-Vanderbilt, futhi ukuhlanganisa i-Central America kunanini ngaphambili, ukuhlukana kwezombusazwe kanye nemingcele yezwe, ngokumelene naye. Uhulumeni wase-US kuphela owathi “ukungathathi hlangothi.” Ehluliwe, u-Walker wamukelwa emuva e-United States njengeqhawe elinqobayo. Wazama futhi eHonduras ngo-1860 futhi wagcina ebanjwe amaBrithani, waphendukela eHonduras, futhi wadutshulwa yiqembu labadubuli. Amasosha akhe abuyiselwa e-United States lapho ajoyina kakhulu i-Confederate Army.
UWalker wayeshumayele ivangeli lempi. “Bangabashayeli nje,” esho, “abakhuluma ngokusungula ubuhlobo obuqinile phakathi kohlanga lwaseMelika olumhlophe olumsulwa, njengoba lukhona e-United States, nohlanga oluxubile, lwamaHispano-Indian, njengoba lukhona eMexico naseMelika Ephakathi, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla.” Umbono ka-Walker wawuthakaselwa futhi wagujwa abezindaba base-US, ingasaphathwa eye-Broadway show.
Abafundi base-US abavamile ukufundiswa ukuthi i-US imperialism eya eNingizimu kuze kube yiminyaka yo-1860 yayimayelana nokwandisa ubugqila, noma ukuthi yayivinjwe kangakanani ubandlululo lwase-US olwalungafuni abantu abangaba “mhlophe,” abangakhulumi isiNgisi abajoyine i-United. Amazwe.
UJosé Martí wabhala ephephandabeni laseBuenos Aires egxeka i-Monroe Doctrine ngokuthi ubuzenzisi futhi esola i-United States ngokusebenzisa “inkululeko . . . ngenhloso yokuphuca ezinye izizwe kuwo.”
Nakuba kubalulekile ukungakholelwa ukuthi impiriyali yase-US yaqala ngo-1898, indlela abantu base-United States ababecabanga ngayo nge-imperialism yase-US yashintsha ngo-1898 neminyaka elandelayo. Manje kwase kunamanzi amaningi phakathi kwezwekazi namakoloni kanye nempahla yalo. Kube nenani elikhulu labantu abangathathwa ngokuthi "abamhlophe" abahlala ngaphansi kwamafulegi ase-US. Futhi ngokusobala sasingasekho isidingo sokuhlonipha yonke inkabazwe ngokuqonda igama elithi “America” ukuze lisetshenziswe ezizweni ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kuze kube manje, i-United States of America yayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-United States noma iNyunyana. Manje kwaba yiMelika. Ngakho-ke, uma ubucabanga ukuthi izwe lakho elincane liseMelika, kungcono uqaphele!
UDavid Swanson ungumbhali wencwadi entsha I-Monroe Doctrine at 200 nokuthi Yini Ongayishintsha Ngayo.
