Umthetho wakamuva kumkhankaso wakwa-Israel we-Iran Nuclear Disinformation

NguGareth Porter, uMeyi 3, 2018

Kusukela Izindaba ze-Consortium

Isimangalo sikaNdunankulu wakwa-Israel uBenjamin Netanyahu enkundleni yakhe yaseshashalazini Isethulo semizuzu emi-20 "Ukuthunjwa kwenqolobane ye-athomu" ye-Iran eTehran ngokuqinisekile bekungaba "impumelelo enkulu yobuhlakani" aziqhayisa ngayo ukube kwenzekile ngempela. Kodwa isimangalo asiqiniseki lapho sihlolisiswa ngokucophelela, futhi ukugomela kwakhe ukuthi i-Israel manje isinomlando omkhulu wohlelo lomshoshaphansi lwezikhali zenuzi zase-Irani kuwumgunyathi impela.

Inganekwane kaNetanyahu yokuhlasela kwezobunhloli kwa-Israel eTehran okwakhipha amafayela angama-55,000 kanye namanye ama-CD angama-55,000 "endaweni eyimfihlo kakhulu" idinga ukuthi samukele isiphakamiso esingenangqondo ebusweni bayo: sokuthi abenzi benqubomgomo base-Iran banqume ukugcina impi yabo ebucayi kakhulu. izimfihlo eqhugwaneni elincane elifulelwe ngothayela elingenalutho lokulivikela ekushiseni (ngaleyo ndlela cishe ngokuqinisekile liqinisekisa ukulahleka kwedatha kuma-CD phakathi neminyaka embalwa) futhi akukho zimpawu zanoma yikuphi ukuphepha, ngokusekelwe esithombeni sesathelayithi esiboniswe embukisweni wama-slide. (NjengoSteve Simon ukuphawula in I-New York Times tumnyango awuzange ubonakale unesihluthulelo.)

Incazelo ehlekisayo kuphakanyiswe izikhulu zakwa-Israel kuya I-Daily Telegraph- ukuthi uhulumeni wase-Irani wesaba ukuthi amafayela angase atholwe abahloli bamazwe ngamazwe uma ehlala "ezizindeni ezinkulu" - kuveza nje indelelo enkulu uNetanyahu anayo ngohulumeni baseNtshonalanga nabezindaba. Noma ngabe i-Iran ibiphishekela izikhali zenuzi ngasese, amafayela ayo ngale ndaba azogcinwa eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela, hhayi ezisekelweni zempi. Futhi-ke umnyakazo osolwayo kodwa ongenakwenzeka ngokuphelele wokuya endaweni entsha engakholakali wafika njengoba nje uNetanyahu wayedinga indaba entsha eshaqisayo ukuze akhuthaze uTrump ukuthi amelane nokuphikelela okuqinile kwamadlelandawonye ase-Europe ekulondolozeni I-Joint Comprehensive Plan of Act (JCPOA) isivumelwano senuzi ne-Iran.

Eqinisweni, ayikho inqolobane enkulu yamafayela ayimfihlo mayelana ne-Iran “Manhattan Project.” Amashalofu ezibophezelo ezimnyama nama-CD awadalula uNetanyahu ngokuchuma okumangazayo emuva ku-2003 (okwathi ngemva kwalokho i-US National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) yathi i-Iran ilahle noma yiluphi uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi) futhi yaba yizinto zasesiteji njengebhomu lekhathuni. Netanyahu ayisebenzisa eNhlanganweni Yezizwe ngo-2012.

Umkhankaso we-Disinformation

Isimangalo sikaNetanyahu mayelana nokuthi u-Israyeli wayithola kanjani le "ngobo yomlando ye-athomu" iwukubonakaliswa kwakamuva komkhankaso wesikhathi eside wokubulala izidumbu uhulumeni wase-Israel owaqala ukusebenza ngawo ngo-2002-03. Imibhalo uNetanyahu akhulume ngayo esethulweni yethulwa kwabezindaba kanye ne-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) kusukela ngo-2005 njengevela ohlelweni oluyimfihlo lokucwaninga ngezikhali zenuzi zase-Iran. Iminyaka eminingi imithombo yezindaba yase-US yamukela leyo mibhalo njengeyiqiniso. Kodwa naphezu kwemithombo yezindaba eqinile ebumbene ngemuva kwalokho kulandisa, manje sesiyazi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi leyo mibhalo yangaphambili yayingamanga futhi yadalwa yi-Mossad yakwa-Israyeli.

Lobo bufakazi bokukhwabanisa buqala ngezinsolo zemvelaphi yalo lonke iqoqo lamadokhumenti. Izikhulu eziphezulu zezobunhloli ekuphathweni kukaGeorge W. Bush zitshele izintatheli ukuthi imibhalo iphuma “kwikhompyutha ephathwayo ye-Iranian eyebiwe”, njengoba I-New York Times kubika ngoNovemba 2005. I Times ucaphune izikhulu zezobunhloli ezingashiwongo ngamagama zigcizelela ukuthi imibhalo ibingaveli eqenjini eliphikisayo lase-Iran, okuzokwenza kube nokungabaza okukhulu ngokuthembeka kwabo.umkhankaso wokusabalalisa ulwazi uhulumeni wase-Israel owaqala ukusebenza ngawo ngo-2002-03. Imibhalo uNetanyahu akhulume ngayo esethulweni yethulwa kwabezindaba kanye ne-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) kusukela ngo-2005 njengevela ohlelweni oluyimfihlo lokucwaninga ngezikhali zenuzi zase-Iran. Iminyaka eminingi imithombo yezindaba yase-US yamukela leyo mibhalo njengeyiqiniso. Kodwa naphezu kwemithombo yezindaba eqinile ebumbene ngemuva kwalokho kulandisa, manje sesiyazi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi leyo mibhalo yangaphambili yayingamanga futhi yadalwa yi-Mossad yakwa-Israyeli.

Kodwa kwavela ukuthi iziqinisekiso zalezo zikhulu zezobunhloli zaziyingxenye yokuzenzisa okusemthethweni. I-akhawunti yokuqala enokwethenjelwa yendlela yemibhalo eya e-United States yafika kuphela ngo-2013, lapho owayeyisikhulu sehhovisi lezangaphandle laseJalimane uKarsten Voigt, owasula esikhundleni sakhe sesikhathi eside njengomxhumanisi wokubambisana kweJalimane-North America, ekhuluma nalo mbhali irekhodi.

UVoigt ukhumbule ukuthi izikhulu eziphezulu ze-ejensi yezobunhloli bangaphandle yaseJalimane, i Bundesnachtrendeinst noma i-BND, yayimchazele ngoNovemba 2004 ukuthi babejwayelene nemibhalo yohlelo okusolwa ukuthi lwezikhali zenuzi lwase-Iran, ngenxa yokuthi umthombo othile—kodwa okungeyona i-ejenti yezobunhloli yangempela—yayinikeze ekuqaleni kwalowo nyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu ze-BND zachaza ukuthi zibuke umthombo "njengongabaza," ekhumbula, ngoba umthombo bekungowe-Mujahideen-E Khalq, iqembu eliphikisayo lase-Irani elihlomile elalwa ne-Iran egameni le-Iraq phakathi nempi yeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. .

Izikhulu ze-BND zazikhathazekile ngokuthi abaphathi bakaBush base beqalile ukucaphuna leyo mibhalo njengobufakazi obumelene ne-Iran, ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ne-"Curveball" - unjiniyela wase-Iraqi eJalimane owayetshele izindaba zamalebhu e-Iraqi eselula ye-bioweapons ephenduke yangamanga. Njengomphumela walowo mhlangano nezikhulu ze-BND, uVoigt wayenikeze i interview kuya TheWall Street Journal  eyayiphikisene nesiqiniseko sezikhulu zezobunhloli zase-US ezingadalulwanga ku- Izikhathi afuthi uxwayise ngokuthi abaphathi bakaBush akumele basekele inqubomgomo yabo emibhalweni abebeqala ukuyisho njengobufakazi bohlelo lwezikhali zenuzi zase-Irani, ngoba empeleni ziphuma “eqenjini eliphikisayo lase-Iranian.”

Ukusebenzisa i-MEK

Isifiso sabaphathi bakaBush sokuqondisa ukusakazwa kwabezindaba kwemibhalo okuthiwa yangaphakathi yase-Iranian kude ne-MEK siyaqondakala: iqiniso mayelana nendima ye-MEK lalizoholela ngokushesha kwa-Israyeli, ngoba kwakwaziwa kahle, ukuthi i-ejensi yezobunhloli yakwa-Israel i-Mossad yayisebenzise i-MEK ukwenza. ulwazi olusesidlangalaleni ama-Israel ayengafuni ukuthi ludalulwe yilo uqobo - okuhlanganisa nendawo eqondile yendawo yokucebisa yase-Iran ye-Natanz. Njengoba izintatheli zakwa-Israel u-Yossi Melman no-Meir Javadanfar baphawula encwadini yabo Incwadi ye-2007ngohlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran, olusekelwe ezikhulwini zase-US, eBrithani nase-Israel, "Ulwazi 'luhlungwa' ku-IAEA ngamaqembu aphikisayo ase-Iranian, ikakhulukazi i-National Resistance Council of Iran."

I-Mossad yasebenzisa i-MEK ngokuphindaphindiwe ngeminyaka yawo-1990 nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000 ukuze yenze i-IAEA ihlole noma iyiphi indawo ama-Israel asola ukuthi ingase ihlobene ne-nuclear, okwenza amakhasimende abo ase-Iranian adumala kabi kakhulu e-IAEA. Akekho owazi irekhodi le-MEK owayengakholelwa ukuthi ikwazi ukwenza imibhalo enemininingwane eyadluliselwa kuhulumeni waseJalimane. Lokho kwakudinga inhlangano enolwazi lwezikhali zenuzi kanye nesipiliyoni sokwenza imibhalo - yomibili i-Mossad yakwa-Israel eyayinayo inala.

UNetanyahu unikeze umphakathi umbono wakhe wokuqala ngomunye waleyo midwebo ngoMsombuluko lapho ewukhomba ngokunqoba njengobufakazi obubonakalayo bokuthi i-Iranian perfidy. Kodwa lowo mdwebo wohlelo wawunephutha elibalulekile okufakazela ukuthi wona kanye nabanye abasethini kwakungeke kube okwangempela: ubonisa umklamo wemoto ongenayo owumise okwe-"dunce cap" womcibisholo wokuqala we-Shahab-3 owawuhlolwe kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2000. Leso kwakuyisimo abahlaziyi bezobunhloli abangaphandle kwe-Iran ababekucabange ngo-2002 nango-2003 i-Iran eyayizoqhubeka nokusisebenzisa emcibisholo wayo ocitshwayo. ngayinye eyayinomumo oyindilinga omelela isikhali senuzi. Leyo midwebo yachazwa kohulumeni bangaphandle kanye ne-International Atomic Energy Agency njengemizamo engu-18 ehlukene yokuhlanganisa isikhali senuzi ku-Shahab-3.

I-Nose Cone Entsha

Manje sekuqinisekisiwe, nokho, ukuthi i-Iran yayisiqalile ukuklama kabusha umcibisholo we-Shahab-3 ngemoto eyi-conical reentry noma i-nosecone ekuqaleni kuka-2000 futhi esikhundleni sawo wafaka umklamo ohluke ngokuphelele owawunomumo "we-triconic" noma "webhodlela lengane". Ikwenze kwaba umcibisholo onamandla okundiza ahluke kakhulu futhi ekugcineni yabizwa ngokuthi i-Ghadr-1. UMichael Elleman, uchwepheshe ohamba phambili emhlabeni wemicibisholo yase-Iranian ballistic, wabhala ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-missile yakhe. Ucwaningo lwe-Pathbreaking 2010 yohlelo lwemicibisholo yase-Iran.

I-Iran yagcina umcibisholo wayo owawusanda kuklanywa nemoto yokubuyisela ibhodlela lengane iyimfihlo evela ngaphandle kwaze kwaba yilapho ihlolwa okokuqala maphakathi no-2004. U-Elleman waphetha ngokuthi i-Iran yayidukisa ngamabomu umhlaba wonke - futhi ikakhulukazi ama-Israyeli, ayemele usongo olusheshayo lokuhlaselwa kwe-Iran - ukukholelwa ukuthi imodeli endala yayiyi-missile yesikhathi esizayo ngenkathi isivele iguqule ukuhlela kwayo kumklamo omusha. , okwakuzokwenza wonke u-Israyeli afinyeleleke ngokokuqala ngqá.

Ababhali bemidwebo eyaboniswa uNetanyahu esikrinini babesebumnyameni mayelana noshintsho ekwakhiweni kwe-Iranian. Usuku lokuqala lwedokhumenti yokuklanywa kabusha kwemoto engena kabusha eqoqweni elitholwe ubuhlakani baseMelika kwakungu-August 28, 2002 - cishe iminyaka emibili ngemva kokuqala kabusha kwangempela. Lelo phutha elikhulu likhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi imidwebo eyisikimu ekhombisa isikhali senuzi emotweni engenisa kabusha i-Shahab-3 - lokho uNetanyahu akubiza ngokuthi "umklamo ohlanganisiwe wekhanda lempi" kwakuyizimbulunga.

Umbukiso wama-slide kaNetanyahu uqokomise uchungechunge lwezambulo okusolakala ukuthi zivela “enqolobaneni ye-athomu” esanda kutholwa mayelana nalokho okubizwa nge-“Amad Plan” kanye nokuqhubeka kwemisebenzi yomuntu wase-Irani okuthiwa nguyena owayehola lowo msebenzi womshoshaphansi wezikhali zenuzi. . Kodwa amakhasi awodwa emibhalo yolimi lwesiFarsi awakhanyisa esikrinini nawo ayevela kunqolobane efanayo yemibhalo manje esaziyo ukuthi ivela kunhlanganisela ye-MEK-Israeli. Leyo mibhalo ayizange iqinisekiswe, kanti uMqondisi-Jikelele we-IAEA u-Mohamed ElBaradei, owayenokungabaza ngobuqiniso bayo, wagcizelela ukuthi ngaphandle kobufakazi obunjalo, akakwazanga ukusola i-Iran ngokuba nohlelo lwezikhali zenuzi.

Ukukhwabanisa Okuningi

Kukhona nezinye izinkomba zokukhwabanisa nakulelo qoqo lemibhalo. Isici sesibili sohlelo lwezikhali ezifihliwe olunikezwe igama elithi “Amad Plan” “kwakuyinqubo yokugeleza kweshadi” lohlelo lwesikali lwebhentshi lokuguqula i-uranium ore ukuze inothiswe. Yayinegama lekhodi elithi “Project 5.13”, ngokusho kwe-a ukuxoxa yiPhini likaMqondisi we-IAEA u-Olli Heinonen, futhi ubeyingxenye yephrojekthi enkulu ebizwa nge-“Project 5”, ngokombiko osemthethweni we-IAEA. Enye iphrojekthi encane ngaphansi kwaleyo rubrikhi kwakuyi-“Project 5.15”, ehilela ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi eMayini ye-Gchine. Zombili lezi zinhlelo ezincane kuthiwa zizokwenziwa yinkampani yabeluleki okuthiwa uKimia Maadan.

Kodwa imibhalo ukuthi Iran kamuva enikeziwe ku-IAEA kufakazele ukuthi, empeleni, "Iphrojekthi 5.15" yayikhona, kepha yayiwuhlelo lwezakhamizi ze-Atomic Energy Organisation yase-Iran, engeyona ingxenye yohlelo oluyimfihlo lwezikhali zenuzi, nokuthi isinqumo senziwe ngo-Agasti 1999 - ezimbili. iminyaka ngaphambi kokuqala kwezinsolo ze-"Amad Plan" kwathiwa isiqalile.

Iqhaza lika-Kimia Maadan kuwo womabili amaphrojekthi amancane lichaza ukuthi kungani iphrojekthi yokucubungula insimbi izofakwa ohlelweni okuthiwa luyimfihlo lwezikhali zenuzi. Eminye yemibhalo embalwa kakhulu efakwe kunqolobane engaqinisekiswa ukuthi iyiqiniso kwakuyincwadi evela ku-Kimia Maadan ngesinye isihloko, esiphakamisa ukuthi ababhali bamadokhumenti bakha iqoqo eduze kwemibhalo embalwa engaqinisekiswa.

U-Netanyahu uphinde walibala ngokuphika kwe-Iran ukuthi yenze noma yimuphi umsebenzi kubuchwepheshe be-“MPI” noma (“Multi-Point Initiation”) “ku-hemispheric geometry”. Wagomela ngokuthi "amafayela" abonisa ukuthi i-Iran yenze "umsebenzi omkhulu" noma "i-MPI" yokuhlola. Akazange anebe ngaleli phuzu. Kodwa u-Israel wabuthola ubufakazi obusolwa bokuhlolwa okunjalo emjondolo ofulelwe ngothayela eTehran. Udaba lokuthi i-Iran yalwenza yini ucwaningo olunjalo kwaba udaba olubalulekile ophenyweni lwe-IAEA ngemuva kuka-2008. Umbiko kaSepthemba 2008, okuthiwa imayelana "nokuhlola kwe-Iran mayelana nokuqaliswa kwe-symmetrical ye-hemispherical high explosive charge efanele idivayisi yenuzi yohlobo lwe-implosion."

Azikho Izimpawu Ezisemthethweni

I-IAEA yenqabile ukudalula ukuthi yiliphi izwe eliyilungu elinikeze i-IAEA idokhumenti. Kepha owayenguMqondisi-Jikelele u-ElBaradei wembula izikhumbuzo zakhe ukuthi i-Israel idlulisele uchungechunge lwemibhalo ku-Ejensi ukuze kutholakale icala lokuthi i-Iran iqhubekile nokuhlola izikhali zenuzi kuze kube "okungenani ngo-2007." U-ElBaradei ubebhekise esikhathini esikahle sokuvela kombiko ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ze-US NIE kaNovemba 2007 ephetha ngokuthi i-Iran yaluqeda ucwaningo lwayo oluhlobene nezikhali zenuzi ngo-2003.

UNetanyahu wakhomba uchungechunge lwemibhalo esikrinini kanye nenani lemidwebo, izithombe nezibalo zobuchwepheshe, ngisho nefilimu endala emnyama nemhlophe, njengobufakazi bokusebenza kwezikhali zenuzi zase-Iran. Kepha akukho lutho ngabo olunikeza isixhumanisi sobufakazi kuhulumeni wase-Irani. Njengoba uTariq Rauf, owayeyinhloko ye-IAEA's Verification and Security Policy Coordination Office kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2012, ephawula ku-imeyili, awekho amakhasi ombhalo esikrinini abonisa izimpawu ezisemthethweni noma amamaki ayezobakhomba njengohulumeni wangempela wase-Iran. imibhalo. Imibhalo yase-Iranian okuthiwa yayinikezwe i-IAEA ngo-2005 ngokufanayo yayingenazo izimpawu ezisemthethweni, njengoba isikhulu se-IAEA savuma kimi ngo-2008.

Umbukiso wamaslayidi kaNetanyahu uveze okungaphezu nje kwesitayela sakhe esiphezulu sokukholisa ngesihloko sase-Iran. Inikeze obunye ubufakazi bokuthi izimangalo eziye zanyakazisa ngempumelelo i-US kanye nabalingani bakwa-Israel ukuthi bahlanganyele ekujeziseni i-Iran ngokuba nohlelo lwezikhali zenuzi zazisekelwe emibhalweni eqanjiwe evela kuhulumeni owawunezisusa eziqine kakhulu zokubeka lelo cala - i-Israel.

~~~~~~~~~~

UGareth Porter uyintatheli ephenyayo ezimele kanye nosomlando wenqubomgomo yezokuphepha kazwelonke yase-US futhi umamukeli woMklomelo we-Gellhorn ka-2012 wobuntatheli. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Inkinga Ekhiqiziwe: Indaba Engachazwanga ye-Iran Nuclear Scare, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2014.