Into yokugcina edingwa yi-Haiti Okunye Ukungenelela Kwezempi: I-Newsletter Yamashumi Amane Nesibili (2022)

By I-Tricontinental, Okthoba 25, 2022

Bazalwane abathandekayo,

Ngiyabingelela edeskini lika I-Tricontinental: Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Komphakathi.

Emhlanganweni-jikelele weZizwe Ezihlangene ngomhla zingama-24 kuSepthemba 2022, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseHaiti, uJean Victor Geneus, uvumile ukuthi izwe lakhe libhekene nenkinga enkulu, athi wathi 'ingaxazululwa kuphela ngokusekelwa ngempumelelo kozakwethu'. Kwabaningi abasondele kakhulu ababebuka isimo esenzeka eHaiti, inkulumo ethi 'ukusekelwa okuphumelelayo' kuzwakala sengathi uGeneus wayebonisa ukuthi okunye ukungenelela kwezempi kwemibuso yaseNtshonalanga kwakuseduze. Ngempela, ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokuphawula kukaGeneus, The Washington Post yanyathelisa ingosi yomhleli ngesimo saseHaiti lapho esibizwa 'yesenzo semisipha sabadlali bangaphandle'. Ngomhla ziyi-15 kuMfumfu, i-United States neCanada bakhipha a isitatimende esihlangene bememezela ukuthi bathumele izindiza zamasosha eHaiti ukuze zilethe izikhali kwabezokuphepha baseHaiti. Ngalolo suku, i-United States yathumela okusalungiswa isixazululo kuMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ucela 'ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha kwebutho lamazwe ngamazwe elisebenza ngokushesha' eHaiti.

Selokhu i-Haitian Revolution yathola inkululeko eFrance ngo-1804, iHaiti ibhekane namagagasi okuhlasela okulandelanayo, okuhlanganisa ne-US iminyaka eyishumi. yokuvinjezelwa kusukela ngo-1915 kuya ku-1934, i-US-backed ubushiqela kusukela ngo-1957 kuya ku-1986, ababili baseNtshonalanga isibhamu ngokumelene noMongameli wangaphambilini uJean-Bertrand Aristide ngo-1991 no-2004, kanye nebutho le-UN. kokungenela kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2017. Lokhu kuhlasela kuye kwavimbela iHaiti ekutholeni ubukhosi bayo futhi kwavimbela abantu bayo ukuba bakhe izimpilo ezihloniphekile. Okunye ukuhlasela, okungaba ngamasosha ase-US naseCanada noma ngamasosha e-UN agcina ukuthula, kuzokhulisa le nkinga. I-Tricontinental: Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwezenhlalakahle, i I-International Peoples' Assembly, Ukunyakaza kwe-ALBA, Kanye I-Plateforme Haïtienne de Plaidoyer ithululela i-Developpement Alternatif ('I-Haitian Advocacy Platform for Alternative Development' noma i-PAPDA) ikhiqize isexwayiso esibomvu ngesimo samanje sase-Haiti, esingatholakala ngezansi futhi silandwe njenge PDF

Kwenzekani eHaiti?

Ukuvukela umbuso okudumile kuye kwenzeka e-Haiti phakathi no-2022. Le mibhikisho iwukuqhubeka komjikelezo wokumelana owaqala ngo-2016 ukuphendula inkinga yezenhlalakahle eyakhiwe yi-coups ngo-1991 no-2004, ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-2010, kanye ne-Hurricane Matthew ngo-2016. Isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, noma yimuphi umzamo wabantu baseHaiti wokuphuma ohlelweni lwe-neocolonial owabekwa ukuhlasela kwezempi yase-US (1915-34) uhlangabezane nokungenelela kwezempi nezomnotho ukuze kulondolozwe. Izakhiwo zokubusa nokuxhashazwa ezisungulwe yilolo hlelo ziye zabaphuca abantu baseHaiti, iningi labantu lingakwazi ukuthola amanzi okuphuza, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, noma izindlu ezihloniphekile. Kubantu baseHaiti abayizigidi ezingu-11.4, bayizigidi ezingu-4.6 ukungavikeleki kokudla kanti ama-70% anjalo engasebenzi.

U-Manuel Mathieu (Haiti), Rempart ('Rampart'), 2018.

Igama lesiCreole saseHaiti dechoukaj noma 'ukusiphula' - okwakuyikho esetshenziswa kuqala emikhankasweni yentando yeningi ka-1986 eyalwa nombuso wobushiqela owawusekelwa yi-US - ichaze imibhikisho yamanje. Uhulumeni waseHaiti, oholwa yibamba likaNdunankulu kanye noMongameli u-Ariel Henry, ukhuphule amanani kaphethiloli phakathi nale nkinga, nokwasusa umbhikisho wezinyunyana zabasebenzi futhi wajulisa umnyakazo. Kwakunjalo uHenry Efakwe esikhundleni sakhe ngo-2021 ngu-'ICore Group' (eyakhiwe amazwe ayisithupha futhi eholwa yi-US, i-European Union, i-UN, kanye neNhlangano Yamazwe aseMelika) ngemuva kokubulawa kukamongameli owayengathandwa uJovenel Moïse. Nakuba kungakaxazululwa, kunjalo Kucacile ukuthi u-Moïse wabulawa uzungu olwaluhlanganisa iqembu elibusayo, amaqembu ezigelekeqe ashushumbisa izidakamizwa, ama-mercenaries ase-Colombia, kanye nabezobunhloli base-US. UHelen La Lime we-UN utshele uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ngoFebhuwari ukuthi uphenyo lukazwelonke ngokubulawa kukaMoïse lwamiswa, isimo esibhebhethekise amahlebezi futhi sabhebhethekisa izinsolo nokungathembani ezweni.

Fritzner Lamour (Haiti), Poste Ravine Pintade, ca. 1980.

Asenze kanjani amandla e-neocolonialism?

I-United States neCanada manje ukuzivikela Uhulumeni ongekho emthethweni kaHenry futhi uhlela ukungenelela kwezempi eHaiti. Ngomhla ziyi-15 kuMfumfu, i-US yathumela okusalungiswa isixazululo kuMkhandlu Wezokuphepha weNhlangano Yezizwe (United Nations Security Council) ucela 'ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha kwebutho lamazwe ngamazwe elisebenza ngokushesha' ezweni. Lesi kungaba yisahluko sakamuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili yokungenelela okucekela phansi kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga eHaiti. Kusukela ngo-1804 Haitian Revolution, amabutho ama-imperialism (okuhlanganisa nabanikazi bezigqila) angenele ngezempi nangokwezomnotho emelene nokunyakaza kwabantu befuna ukuqeda uhlelo lwe-neocolonial. Kamuva nje, la mabutho angena ezweni ngaphansi kwenhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene esebenzisa i-UN Stabilization Mission eHaiti (MINUSTAH), eyayisebenza kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2017. Okunye ukungenelela okunjalo egameni 'lamalungelo abantu' kuzoqinisekisa kuphela uhlelo lwe-neocolonial manje oluphethwe ngu-Ariel Henry futhi luzoba yinhlekelele kubantu baseHaiti, abaqhubekela phambili bavinjwe amaqembu ezigebengu. wadala futhi ithuthukiswe ngemuva kwenkundla yi-oligarchy yase-Haiti, isekelwa i-Core Group, futhi ihlome ngezikhali kusukela I-the united states.

Umhlaba ungama kanjani ebunyeni neHaiti?

Inkinga yaseHaiti ingaxazululwa kuphela abantu baseHaiti, kodwa kufanele ihambisane namandla amakhulu obumbano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Umhlaba ungabheka izibonelo ezikhonjiswa yi- ICuban Medical Brigade, eyaqala ukuya eHaiti ngo-1998; yiVia Campesina/ALBA Movimientos brigade, esebenze nokunyakaza okudumile ekutshalweni kabusha kwamahlathi kanye nemfundo edumile kusukela ngo-2009; futhi nge usizo ehlinzekwa uhulumeni waseVenezuela, okuhlanganisa uwoyela owehlisiwe. Kubalulekile kulabo abama ebunyeni neHaiti ukuthi bafune, okungenani:

1. ukuthi iFrance ne-United States zihlinzekela ukunxeshezelwa ngokwebiwa kwengcebo yaseHaiti kusukela ngo-1804, okuhlanganisa ukubuya legolide elebiwe yi-US ngo-1914. I-France iyodwa ukweleta I-Haiti okungenani i-$ 28 billion.
2. ukuthi i-United States ukubuya Isiqhingi saseNavassa ukuya eHaiti.
3. ukuthi iNhlangano Yezizwe ukukhokha ngamacala enziwe uMINUSTAH, amabutho akhe abulala amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu baseHaiti, adlwengula isibalo esingaziwa sabesifazane, futhi wethula ikholera ungene ezweni.
4. ukuthi abantu baseHaiti bavunyelwe ukuzakhela uhlaka oluzimele, olunesithunzi, nolunobulungisa lwezepolitiki nezomnotho nokudala izinhlelo zemfundo nezempilo ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zangempela zabantu.
5. ukuthi wonke amabutho anenqubekelaphambili amelene nokuhlasela kwezempi kweHaiti.

Marie-Hélène Cauvin (Haiti), Trinité ('Trinity'), 2003

Izimfuneko zomqondo ojwayelekile kulesi sexwayiso esibomvu azidingi ukucaciswa okuningi, kodwa zidinga ukukhuliswa.

Amazwe aseNtshonalanga azokhuluma ngalokhu kungenelela okusha kwezempi ngemishwana efana 'nokubuyisela intando yeningi' kanye 'nokuvikela amalungelo abantu'. Amagama athi 'intando yeningi' kanye 'namalungelo abantu' alulazwa kulezi zimo. Lokhu bekubukiswa eMhlanganweni-Jikelele we-UN ngoSepthemba, lapho uMongameli waseMelika uJoe Biden wathi ukuthi uhulumeni wakhe uyaqhubeka 'nokuma nomakhelwane wethu eHaiti'. Ukungabi nalutho kwala mazwi kuvezwa ku-Amnesty International entsha umbiko ebhala ngokuhlukunyezwa okucwasa abantu baseHaiti abafuna ukukhoseliswa e-United States. I-US kanye ne-Core Group bangase bame nabantu abafana no-Ariel Henry kanye ne-Haitian oligarchy, kodwa abami nabantu baseHaiti, kuhlanganise nalabo ababalekele e-United States.