ngu-John Pilger, Septhemba 22, 2017, I-Counter Punch .
Omunye “wemicimbi” eshisa izikhotha kamabonakude waseMelika, Impi YeVietnam, isiqalile kunethiwekhi ye-PBS. Abaqondisi nguKen Burns noLynn Novick. Ehlonishwa ngamadokhumentari akhe ngeMpi Yombango, I-Great Depression kanye nomlando we-jazz, uBurns uthi ngamafilimu akhe aseVietnam, "Azogqugquzela izwe lethu ukuthi liqale ukukhuluma futhi licabange ngempi yaseVietnam ngendlela entsha".
Emphakathini ovamise ukuswela inkumbulo yomlando futhi ujabulela inkulumo-ze “yokuhluka” kwayo, impi yaseVietnam kaBurns “entsha ngokuphelele” yethulwa “njengomsebenzi oyingqopha-mlando”. Umkhankaso wawo wokukhangisa owubukhazikhazi ukhuthaza umsekeli walo omkhulu, iBank of America, okwashiswa abafundi baseSanta Barbara, eCalifornia ngo-1971, njengophawu lwempi enenzondo yaseVietnam.
UBurns uthi ubonga kakhulu "kuwo wonke umndeni weBhange LaseMelika" "obesekuyisikhathi eside usekela omakadebona bezwe lethu". I-Bank of America yayiyinkampani yokuhlasela okwabulala cishe izigidi ezine zaseVietnam futhi yacekela phansi futhi yafaka ubuthi ezweni elinothile. Angaphezu kuka-58,000 amasosha aseMelika abulawa, kanti inani elifanayo lilinganiselwa ukuthi lizibulele.
Ngabuka isiqephu sokuqala eNew York. Ikushiya ungangabazi ngezinhloso zayo zisuka nje. Umlandi uthi impi "yaqalwa ngokwethembeka ngabantu abahloniphekile ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle, ukuzethemba ngokweqile kweMelika kanye nokungaqondi ngeMpi Yomshoshaphansi".
Ukungathembeki kwalesi sitatimende akumangalisi. Ukwakhiwa okuhlekisayo "kwamafulege amanga" okuholele ekuhlaselweni kweVietnam kuyindaba erekhodiwe - "isigameko" saseGulf of Tonkin ngo-1964, iBurns asikhuthaza njengeqiniso, sasisinye nje. Amanga agcwele inqwaba yemibhalo esemthethweni, ikakhulukazi Ama-Pentagon Amaphepha, eyakhishwa umphenyi omkhulu uDaniel Ellsberg ngo-1971.
Kwakungekho ukholo oluhle. Ukholo lwalubolile futhi lunomdlavuza. Kimi - njengoba kufanele kube njalo kubantu baseMelika abaningi - kunzima ukubuka ukuhlangana kwefilimu kwamamephu "engozi ebomvu", okuxoxwa nabo okungachazwanga, ukusika inqolobane ngokungafanele kanye nokulandelana kwenkundla yempi yaseMelika.
Ochungechungeni olukhishwe kwabezindaba eBrithani - i-BBC izoyikhombisa - akukho lapho kukhulunywa khona ngabafile baseVietnam, abaseMelika kuphela. “Sonke sifuna incazelo ethile kule nhlekelele embi,” kucashunwa uNovick. Yeka kakhulu emva kwesimanje.
Konke lokhu kuzojwayeleka kulabo ababonile ukuthi abezindaba baseMelika kanye nobhemu odumile ububukeze futhi wafeza ubugebengu obukhulu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili: kusukela I-Green Berets futhi The Deer Hunter kuya Rambo futhi, ngokwenza kanjalo, uye wagunyaza izimpi zonya ezalandela. I-revisionism ayipheli futhi igazi alilokothi lome. Umhlaseli uyahawukelwa futhi ususwe icala, ngenkathi "efuna incazelo kule nhlekelele embi". Mayelana noBob Dylan: “O, ubukade ukuphi, ndodana yami enamehlo aluhlaza?”
Ngacabanga “ngesizotha” kanye “nokholo oluhle” lapho ngikhumbula okuhlangenwe nakho kwami kokuqala ngiseyintatheli encane eVietnam: ngibuka ngokulalisa njengoba isikhumba siwa izingane zaseNapalmed ezifana nesikhumba esidala, nezitebhisi zamabhomu ezishiye izihlahla zigcwele futhi zihlotshisiwe. ngenyama yomuntu. UGeneral William Westmoreland, umkhuzi waseMelika, ubize abantu ngokuthi “muhlwa”.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ngaya esifundazweni saseQuang Ngai, lapho edolobhaneni laseMy Lai, amadoda aphakathi kuka-347 no-500, abesifazane nezinsana babulawa amasosha aseMelika (uBurns ukhetha “ukubulala”). Ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kwavezwa njengokuphambuka: "inhlekelele yaseMelika" (Newsweek ). Kulesi sifundazwe esisodwa, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-50,000 babulewe ngesikhathi se-American "free fire zones". Ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi. Kwakungezona izindaba lezi.
Enyakatho, esifundazweni saseQuang Tri, kwadedelwa amabhomu amaningi kunakulo lonke elaseJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kusukela ngo-1975, ukuqhuma okungaqhumi kuye kwabangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-40,000 ikakhulukazi “eNingizimu Vietnam”, izwe iMelika eyathi “liyasindisa” futhi, neFrance, yakhulelwa njengeqhinga lombuso elilodwa.
“Incazelo” yempi yaseVietnam ayihlukile encazelweni yomkhankaso wokuqothula abantu boMdabu baseMelika, ukubulawa kwabantu ngamakoloni ePhilippines, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu eJapane, ukulinganiswa kwawo wonke amadolobha aseNyakatho Korea. Inhloso yachazwa nguColonel Edward Lansdale, indoda edumile ye-CIA uGraham Greene agxile kuyo umlingiswa wakhe ophakathi. The Quiet American.
Icaphuna ekaRobert Taber Impi Yezeze, uLansdale uthe, “Inye kuphela indlela yokunqoba abantu abavukela umbuso abangeke bazinikele, futhi leyo ukuqothula. Inye kuphela indlela yokulawula indawo enabantu abaphikisayo, ukuyishintsha ibe ugwadule.”
Akukho okushintshile. Ngenkathi uDonald Trump ekhuluma neNhlangano Yezizwe ziyi-19 Septemba - indikimba eyasungulwa ukuze ivikele isintu "esishayo sempi" - wamemezela ukuthi "ukulungele, uzimisele futhi uyakwazi" "ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele" iNorth Korea kanye nabantu bayo abayizigidi ezingu-25. Izilaleli zakhe zashaqeka, kodwa ulimi lukaTrump lwalungejwayelekile.
Imbangi yakhe kwesobumongameli, uHillary Clinton, ubeziqhayise ngokuthi uzimisele “ukuyicekela phansi ngokuphelele” i-Iran, izwe elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80. Lena yindlela yaseMelika; izigigaba zodwa azisekho manje.
Ukubuyela e-US, ngihlaselwe ukuthula nokungabi bikho kwabaphikisi - emigwaqweni, kwezobuntatheli nezobuciko, njengokungathi ukuphikiswa okwake kwabekezelelwa "kokuvamile" kubuyele ekuphikisaneni: i-metaphoric underground.
Kunomsindo nokufutheka okuningi kuTrump oyisicefe, "i-fascist", kodwa cishe akekho kuTrump uphawu kanye ne-caricature yohlelo oluhlala njalo lokunqoba kanye nokweqisa.
Ziphi izipoki zemibukiso emikhulu yokulwa nempi eyathatha iWashington ngeminyaka yawo-1970? Kuphi okulingana ne-Freeze Movement eyayigcwele imigwaqo yaseManhattan ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ifuna uMongameli uReagan ahoxise izikhali zenuzi e-Europe?
Amandla nje kanye nokuphikelela kokuziphatha kwalokhu kunyakaza okukhulu kwaphumelela kakhulu; ngo-1987 u-Reagan wayesexoxisane noMikhail Gorbachev ngeSivumelwano Se-Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) esaqeda ngempumelelo iMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
Namuhla, ngokwemibhalo eyimfihlo ye-NATO etholwe yiphephandaba laseJalimane, Suddeutsche Zetung, lesi sivumelwano esibalulekile cishe sizoyekwa njengoba “ukuhlelwa kokukhonjwa kwezikhali zenuzi kwandiswa”. UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseJalimane uSigmar Gabriel uxwayise “ngokuphinda amaphutha amabi kakhulu eMpi Yomshoshaphansi ... Zonke izivumelwano ezinhle zokuhoxiswa kwezikhali nokulawulwa kwezikhali ezivela eGorbachev naseReagan zisengozini enkulu. IYurophu isongelwa futhi ngokuba indawo yokuqeqeshwa kwezempi yezikhali zenuzi. Kufanele siphakamise izwi lethu ngokumelene nalokhu. "
Kodwa hhayi eMelika. Izinkulungwane ezaphumelelisa "inguquko" kaSenator Bernie Sanders emkhankasweni wangonyaka odlule wokuba ngumongameli azithuli ngalezi zingozi. Ukuthi udlame oluningi lwaseMelika emhlabeni wonke alwenziwanga amaRiphabhulikhi, noma ama-mutants afana noTrump, kodwa ngamaDemocrats akhululekile, kusengumbono.
U-Barack Obama unikeze i-apotheosis, ngezimpi eziyisikhombisa ngesikhathi esisodwa, irekhodi likamongameli, okuhlanganisa nokubhujiswa kweLibya njengezwe lesimanje. Ukuketulwa kuka-Obama kukahulumeni okhethiwe wase-Ukraine kube nomphumela owawufisa: ukunqwabelana kwamasosha eNato aholwa yiMelika emngceleni osentshonalanga neRussia lapho amaNazi ahlasela khona ngo-1941.
"I-pivot to Asia" ka-Obama ngo-2011 yabonisa ukudluliselwa kweningi lamasosha asemanzini namasosha aseMelika e-Asia nasePacific ngaphandle kwenhloso ngaphandle kokubhekana nokucasula iChina. Umkhankaso womhlaba wonke weNobel Peace Laureate wokubulala ngokungangabazeki uwumkhankaso wobuphekula owande kakhulu kusukela ngo-9/11.
Okwaziwa e-US ngokuthi "ngakwesobunxele" kuhlangene ngempumelelo namandla amnyama kakhulu esikhungo, ikakhulukazi iPentagon kanye neCIA, ukubona isivumelwano sokuthula phakathi kukaTrump noVladimir Putin kanye nokubuyisela iRussia njengesitha, ngaphandle kobufakazi bokugxambukela kwayo okhethweni lukamongameli lwango-2016.
Ihlazo langempela wukuthatha amandla okucashile ngezithakazelo ezimbi ezibanga impi okungekho mMelika owavotela kona. Ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kwePentagon kanye nezinhlangano ezigadayo ngaphansi kuka-Obama kumelele ukushintsha okungokomlando kwamandla eWashington. UDaniel Ellsberg wakubiza ngokufanelekile ngokuthi ukuketula umbuso. Ojenene abathathu abaphethe uTrump bangofakazi bayo.
Konke lokhu kwehluleka ukungena kulabo "ubuchopho obukhululekile obufakwe ku-formaldehyde yezombangazwe zobunikazi", njengoba uLuciana Bohne aphawula ngokukhumbula. I-commodified futhi ihlolwe imakethe, "ukuhlukahluka" kuwuphawu olusha lwenkululeko, hhayi abantu besigaba abakhonzayo kungakhathaliseki ubulili babo nebala lesikhumba: akuwona umthwalo wabo bonke abantu ukumisa impi yobuqaba ukuze kuqedwe zonke izimpi.
"Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?" kusho uMichael Moore ohlelweni lwakhe lwe-Broadway, Imibandela Yokuzinikela Kwami, i-vaudeville yesethi engathandeki ngokumelene nokwasemuva kuka-Trump njengo-Big Brother.
Ngayithanda ifilimu kaMoore, URoger & Mina, mayelana nokucekelwa phansi kwezomnotho nenhlalo yedolobha lakubo iFlint, Michigan, kanye Sicko, uphenyo lwakhe ngenkohlakalo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo eMelika.
Ngobusuku engabuka ngabo uhlelo lwakhe, izethameli zakhe ezazishaya izandla zajabula lapho eqinisekisa ngokuthi “singabaningi!” futhi ibiza "i-impeach Trump, umqambimanga no-fascist!" Umlayezo wakhe ubonakala sengathi ukube ububambe ikhala wavotela u-Hillary Clinton, impilo ibingabikezelwa futhi.
Angase abe neqiniso. Esikhundleni sokumane ahlukumeze umhlaba, njengoba kwenza uTrump, i-Great Obliterator kungenzeka ukuthi ihlasele i-Iran futhi yadubula imicibisholo kuPutin, amfanisa noHitler: inhlamba ethile enikezwe amaRussia ayizigidi ezingama-27 afa ekuhlaselweni kukaHitler.
“Lalela,” kusho uMoore, “ukubekela eceleni okwenziwa ohulumeni bethu, abantu baseMelika bathandwa ngempela umhlaba!”
Kwakukhona ukuthula.
