NguTerry Crawford-Browne, World BEYOND War, NgoFebhuwari 24 2021
Ifilimu eliqoshwe e-Israel elibizwa ngeThe Lab lenziwa ngo-2013. Yakhonjiswa ePitoli naseKapa, e-Europe, e-Australia naseMelika yathola izindondo eziningi, ngisho naku-Tel Aviv International Documentary Film Festival.[i]
Ithisisi yefilimu ukuthi ukuhlala kwa-Israyeli eGaza naseWest Bank “kuyilabhoratri” ukuze abakwa-Israyeli baziqhenye ngokuthi izikhali zabo “zivivinyiwe empini futhi zafakazelwa” ukuthi zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Futhi, ngokudabukisayo kakhulu, ukuthi igazi lasePalestine liphenduka kanjani imali!
I-American Friends Service Committee (amaQuaker) eJerusalema isanda kukhipha i-Database yayo yakwa-Israel Yezempi Nezokuphepha (DIMSE).[Ii] Lolu cwaningo luchaza ukuhweba nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zakwa-Israyeli kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000 kuya ku-2019. I-India kanye ne-US kube yibo abangenisa emazweni amabili, iTurkey ibe isithathu.
Isifundo siphawula:
U-Israel ubalwa minyaka yonke phakathi kwabathengisi bezikhali abayishumi abakhulu emhlabeni, kepha akabiki njalo kwiRegistry yeZizwe Ezihlangene ngezingalo ezijwayelekile, futhi akazange asigunyaze isivumelwano seArms Trade Treaty. Uhlelo lwezomthetho lwasekhaya lakwa-Israel aludingi ukuthi kube khona obala ezindabeni zokuhweba ngezikhali, futhi njengamanje ayikho imingcele yamalungelo abantu emthethweni yokuthunyelwa kwezikhali e-Israel ngaphandle kokulahlwa yimingcele yezomkhandlu wezokuphepha we-UN. ”
U-Israel unikeze omashiqela baseMyanmar izikhali zempi kusukela ngawo-1950. Kepha ku-2017 kuphela - ngemuva kwesiyaluyalu somhlaba wonke mayelana nokubulawa kwabantu kwamaSulumane amaRohingyas nangemva kokuba izishoshovu zamalungelo abantu bakwa-Israyeli zisebenzise izinkantolo zase-Israel ukudalula ukuhweba - ngabe lokhu kwaba yihlazo kuhulumeni wase-Israel.[Iii]
Ihhovisi likaKhomishani oPhakeme Wamalungelo Abantu we-UN ngonyaka ka-2018 lamemezela ukuthi kufanele kubhekane nojenene waseMyanmar ngokuqothulwa kohlanga. INkantolo Yezobulungiswa Yomhlaba Wonke eThe Hague ngo-2020 yayalela iMyanmar ukuba ivimbele udlame lokuqothulwa kwabantu baseRohingya, futhi igcine nobufakazi bokuhlaselwa kwangaphambilini.[Iv]
Njengoba kunikezwe umlando wokuQothulwa Kwesizwe ngamaNazi, kuyinkolelo enkulu ukuthi uhulumeni wakwa-Israyeli kanye nomkhakha wezikhali wakwa-Israyeli bebelokhu behlanganyela ekubulaweni kwabantu eMyanmar nasePalestine kanye namanye amazwe amaningi, kubandakanya iSri Lanka, iRwanda, iKashmir, iSerbia nePhilippines.[V] Kuyihlazo ngokufanayo ukuthi i-US ivikela umbuso wayo wase-Israel ngokusebenzisa kabi amandla ayo e-veto eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha we-UN.
Encwadini yakhe esihloko sithi Impi ngokumelene nabantu, Isishoshovu sokuthula sakwa-Israyeli uJeff Halper uvula ngombuzo: "U-Israyeli ubalekela kanjani?" Impendulo yakhe ithi u-Israyeli wenza "umsebenzi ongcolile" e-US hhayi eMiddle East kuphela, kepha nase-Afrika, eLatin America nakwezinye izindawo ngokuthengisa izikhali, izinhlelo zokuphepha nokugcina ubushiqela busemandleni ngokuqolwa kwemithombo yemvelo kubandakanya idayimane, ithusi , i-coltan, igolide namafutha.[vi]
Incwadi kaHalper iqinisekisa kokubili iLab kanye nesifundo se-DIMSE. Lowo owayeyinxusa laseMelika kwa-Israyeli ngonyaka ka-2009 waxwayisa ngempikiswano ngokuthi i-Israel iya isiba “yizwe elithenjisiwe lobugebengu obuhleliwe”. Ukucekelwa phansi kwemboni yezikhali manje ukuthi i-Israel isiphenduke “izwe lezigelekeqe”.
Amazwe ayisishiyagalolunye ase-Afrika afakiwe ku-database ye-DIMSE - i-Angola, iCameroon, iCôte D'Ivoire, i-Equatorial Guinea, iKenya, iMorocco, iNingizimu Afrika, iSouth Sudan ne-Uganda. Ubushiqela e-Angola, eCameroon nase-Uganda sebethembele ekwesekelweni kwamasosha akwa-Israyeli amashumi eminyaka. Wonkhe la mazwe ayisishiyagalolunye adume ngenkohlakalo nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu okuhlale kuxhumene.
Umbusi ongumashiqela wase-Angola isikhathi eside u-Eduardo dos Santos wayedume ngokuba yindoda ecebe kakhulu e-Afrika kanti indodakazi yakhe u-Isobel nayo yaba ngowesifazane ocebile kakhulu e-Afrika.[vii] Bobabili ubaba nendodakazi ekugcineni bashushiswa ngenkohlakalo.[viii] Ukufakwa kukawoyela e-Angola, e-Equatorial Guinea, eSouth Sudan naseWestern Sahara (okuthathwe kusukela ngonyaka we-1975 yiMorocco ngokungahambisani nomthetho wamazwe omhlaba) kunikeza umqondo wokubandakanyeka kuka-Israyeli.
Idayimane legazi liyisilingo e-Angola naseCôte D'Ivoire (kanye naseDemocratic Republic of Congo naseZimbabwe ezingafakiwe ocwaningweni). Impi yaseDRC ibizwa ngokuthi "yiMpi Yomhlaba Yokuqala Yase-Afrika" ngoba izimbangela zayo ngamadayimane e-cobalt, coltan, ithusi nawasezimbonini adingwa yibhizinisi lempi elibizwa nge- "First World's".
Ngebhange lakhe lakwa-Israyeli, isikhulumi sedayimane, uDan Gertler ngo-1997 wanikeza ukuxhaswa kwezezimali ngokuxoshwa kukaMobutu Sese Seko nokuthathwa kweDRC nguLaurant Kabila. Abezokuphepha bakwa-Israyeli ngemuva kwalokho bagcina uKabila nendodana yakhe uJoseph besemandleni ngenkathi uGertler ephanga izinsiza zemvelo zaseDRC.[ix]
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokushiya isikhundla ngoJanuwari, owayenguMongameli uDonald Trump ukumisile ukufakwa kukaGertler ohlwini lwamaswidi e-Global Magnitsky lapho uGertler abekwa khona ngo-2017 "ngezivumelwano zokukhwabanisa nezikhohlakele eDRC". Umzamo kaTrump “wokuxolela” uGertler manje usuphonswa inselelo eMnyangweni Wezwe LaseMelika nakuMgcinimafa wase-US izinhlangano ezingamashumi amathathu zaseCongo nezomhlaba jikelele.[X]
Yize i-Israel ingenazo izimayini zamadayimane, iyisikhungo esiphambili sokusika nokupholisha emhlabeni. Isungulwe phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili ngosizo lwaseNingizimu Afrika, ukuhweba ngamadayimane kwahola indlela yokwakhiwa kwezimboni kwa-Israyeli. Imboni yedayimane yakwa-Israyeli nayo ixhunyaniswe kakhulu kuyo yomibili imboni yezikhali neMossad.[xi]
I-Côte D'Ivoire ibingazinzile kwezepolitiki kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwedayimane akubalulekile.[xii] Kodwa-ke umbiko we-DIMSE wembula ukuthi ukuhweba kwamadayimane minyaka yonke eCôte D'Ivoire kufinyelela phakathi kwezinqola ezingama-50 000 nezingama-300 000, nezinkampani zezikhali zakwa-Israyeli zibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuhwebeni ngezibhamu zamadayimane.
Izakhamizi zakwa-Israel nazo zazithinteka ngokujulile ngesikhathi sempi yombango eSierra Leone ngawo-1990, kanye nokuhwebelana ngezibhamu-ngamadayimane. UColonel Yair Klein nabanye baqeqeshe iRevolutionary United Front (RUF). “Isu lokusayina le-RUF ukunqunywa kwezakhamuzi, zagenca izingalo, imilenze, izindebe nezindlebe zazo ngamakhekhe nangembazo. Inhloso ye-RUF kwakuwukusabisa umphakathi nokujabulela ukubuswa okungaphikiswa emasimini edayimane. ”[xiii]
Ngokunjalo nenkampani yakwaMossad ebhekene nezinsolo zokuthi yaqola ukhetho lwaseZimbabwe ngesikhathi sikaMugabe[xiv]. UMossad ngaleso sikhathi kusolwa nokuthi wahlela ukubhukuqwa kombuso ngo-2017 ngesikhathi u-Emmerson Mnangagwa engena esikhundleni sikaMugabe. Amadayimane aseZimbabwe akwaMarange athunyelwa kwa-Israyeli ngeDubai.
Ngokunjalo neDubai - ikhaya elisha labazalwane bakwaGupta laziwa njengesinye sezikhungo ezihamba phambili zemali, futhi okungumngane omusha wase-Israel wase-Arab - likhipha izitifiketi zomgunyathi ngokweNqubo yeKimberley yokuthi lawo madayimane egazi awazwani . Amatshe abese esikwa futhi epholishwa kwa-Israyeli ukuze athunyelwe e-US, ikakhulukazi izinsizwa ezikhohliseka kalula ezigwinye isiqubulo sokukhangisa sikaDe Beers sokuthi amadayimane ahlala njalo.
INingizimu Afrika ikleliswe kuma-47th esifundweni se-DIMSE. Ukungeniswa kwezikhali okuvela kwa-Israyeli kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000 kube yizinhlelo ze-radar kanye nama-aircraft pods wesivumelwano sezikhali i-BAE / Saab Gripens, izimoto zodlame kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphepha kwe-cyber. Ngeshwa, amanani emali awanikiwe. Ngaphambi kuka-2000, iNingizimu Afrika ngo-1988 yathenga izindiza ezingama-60 ezazingasasetshenziswa ngumbutho wezempi wakwa-Israyeli. Le ndiza yanyuswa ngemali engu- $ 1.7 billion yabe seyiqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yiCheetah, yabe isihanjiswa ngemuva kuka-1994.
Lokho kuhlangana no-Israyeli kwaba yihlazo kwezepolitiki ku-ANC. Yize ezinye izindiza zazisaqhubeka nokupakisha, lawo maCheetah athengiswa ngentengo yokuthengisa umlilo eChile nase-Ecuador. Lawo maCheetah abe esethathelwa indawo yi-BAE Hawks yaseBrithani neyaseSweden kanye ne-BAE / Saab Gripens ngentengo eyengeziwe engu- $ 2.5 billion.
Isigameko senkohlakalo yezikhali zeBAE / Saab asikakaxazululwa. Cishe amakhasi ayi-160 afidavithi avela eBritish Serious Fraud Office nakuma Scorpions anemininingwane yokuthi i-BAE yakhokha kanjani futhi kanjani imali yokufumbathisa engama- £ 115 million (R2 billion), labo bakhokhelwa labo, nokuthi yimaphi ama-akhawunti asebhange eNingizimu Afrika naphesheya kwezilwandle afakwa.
Ngokuphikisana neziqinisekiso ezivela kuhulumeni waseBrithani nokusayina kukaTrevor Manuel, isivumelwano seminyaka engu-20 sokubolekwa kweBhange lakwaBarclays ngalezo zindiza ze-BAE / Saab siyisibonelo sencwadi yokufakwa kwezikweletu “zomhlaba wesithathu” ngamabhange aseBrithani.
Yize ibalelwa ngaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa lokuhweba emhlabeni, ibhizinisi lezimpi kulinganiselwa ukuthi libala amaphesenti angama-40 kuye kwangama-45 enkohlakalo yomhlaba. Lesi silinganiso esingajwayelekile sivela kuzo zonke izindawo - i-Central Intelligence Agency (i-CIA) nge-US Department of Commerce. [xv]
Inkohlakalo yokuhweba ngezikhali iya ngqo phezulu. Kubandakanya iNdlovukazi, iNkosana uCharles namanye amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini waseBrithani.[xvi] Ngaphandle okumbalwa, kufaka phakathi wonke amalungu e-US Congress kungakhathalekile ukuthi iqembu lezepolitiki liphi. UMongameli uDwight Eisenhower ngo-1961 waxwayisa ngemiphumela yalokho akubiza ngokuthi "yinkambiso yezempi-yezimboni-yenhlangano".
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuLab, amaqembu okufa kwamaphoyisa aseBrazil kanye namaphoyisa angaba yikhulu aseMelika aqeqeshiwe ngezindlela ezisetshenziswa ngabakwa-Israel ukucindezela abasePalestine. Ukubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd eMinneapolis namanye ama-Afro-America amaningi kwamanye amadolobha kukhombisa ukuthi udlame nokucwasana kobandlululo lwakwa-Israyeli kuthunyelwa kanjani emhlabeni wonke. Imibhikisho ye-Black Lives Matter eyalandela iveze ukuthi i-US ingumphakathi ongalingani futhi ongasebenzi kahle.
UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN emuva ngoNovemba 1977 wanquma ukuthi ubandlululo nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu eNingizimu Afrika kwakusongela ukuthula nokuphepha komhlaba wonke. Kwamiswa ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali okwadelelwa amazwe amaningi, ikakhulukazi iJalimane, iFrance, iBrithani, i-US futhi ikakhulukazi i-Israel.[xvii]
Amabhiliyoni ezigidigidi zamarandi athelwa ku-Armscor nakwabanye osonkontileka bezikhali ekwakheni izikhali zenuzi, imicibisholo nezinye izinto zokusebenza, okukhombise ukuthi akusizi ngalutho ekuphikiseni ubandlululo lwasekhaya. Kodwa esikhundleni sokuvikela ngempumelelo uhlelo lobandlululo, leyo mali esetshenzisiwe budedengu kwizikhali yachitha iNingizimu Afrika.
Njengomhleli wangaphambilini weBusiness Day, uKen Owen ongasekho wabhala:
“Ububi bobandlululo babungobuholi bomphakathi: ukusangana kwawo kwakuyimpahla yesigaba samasosha ngokuphelele. Kuyindida ukukhululeka kwethu ukuthi ubu-Afrikaner hegemony kungenzeka buphele elinye ikhulu leminyaka ukube izazi zenkolo zamasosha bezingaphambukiseli umcebo wezwe emisebenzini yamasu afana noMossgas noSasol, Armscor kanye neNufcor okuthi ekugcineni, kungasizuzisi lutho ngaphandle kokushona kanye nehlazo . ”[xviii]
Ngendlela efanayo, umhleli kamagazini i-Noseweek, uMartin Welz wathi: “U-Israel wayenobuchopho, kodwa engenamali. INingizimu Afrika ibinemali, kepha abukho ubuchopho ”. Ngamafuphi, iNingizimu Afrika ixhase ngezimali ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezikhali wakwa-Israyeli namuhla osongela kakhulu ukuthula komhlaba. Ngenkathi i-Israel igcina icindezelwe ingcindezi yase-US ngo-1991 futhi iqala ukuhoxa ebudlelwaneni bayo neNingizimu Afrika, imboni yezikhali yakwa-Israyeli nabaholi bezempi baphikisana kakhulu.
Bebengathandeki futhi bema kwelokuthi "befuna ukuzibulala." Bathe “iNingizimu Afrika isisindisile u-Israyeli”. Kumele futhi sikhumbule ukuthi izibhamu ze-G3 ezazisetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sokubulawa kwabantu eMarikana ngo-2012 zenziwa yiDenel ngaphansi kwelayisensi yakwa-Israel.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kwenkulumo kaMengameli uPW Botha eyayidume kabi ngeRubicon Speech ngo-Agasti 1985, leli bhange elimhlophe elalisebenza kanye kanye laba ngumvukeli. Ngaleso sikhathi ngangiyiMenenja yoMgcinimafa yesiFunda yeNedbank eNtshonalanga Kapa, futhi ngibhekele ukusebenza kwamabhange omhlaba wonke. Ngangiphinde ngisekele i-End Conscription Campaign (ECC), futhi ngenqaba ukuvumela indodana yami eyayisencane ukuba ibhaliselwe ukuya empini yobandlululo.
Isijeziso sokwenqaba ukusebenzela iSADF kwaba yiminyaka eyisithupha ejele. Zibalelwa ku-25 000 izinsizwa zabelungu ezahamba ezweni kunokuba zibuthelwe empini yobandlululo. Ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ihlala ingenye yamazwe anobudlova kakhulu emhlabeni ingenye nje yemiphumela eminingi eqhubekayo yobukoloniyali nobandlululo, kanye nezimpi zabo.
Sikanye noMbhishobhi omkhulu uDesmond Tutu kanye noDkt Beyers Naude ongasekho, sethule umkhankaso wokujeziswa kwamabhange wamazwe omhlaba e-United Nations eNew York ngo-1985 njengesinyathelo sokugcina esingenalo udlame lokugwema impi yombango kanye nokuchitheka kwegazi ngokobuhlanga. Ukufana phakathi kwenhlangano yamalungelo abantu baseMelika kanye nomkhankaso womhlaba wonke wokulwa nobandlululo kwakusobala kuma-Afro-American. Umthetho Ophelele Wokulwa Nobandlululo waphasiswa ngonyaka owedlule ngevoti kaMongameli uRonald Reagan.
Nge-Perestroika kanye nokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi ngo-1989, bobabili uMongameli uGeorge Bush (Ophakeme) kanye ne-US Congress basabisa ngokuvimbela iNingizimu Afrika ekwenzeni noma yiziphi izinto ezenziwa e-US. UTutu kanye nathi izishoshovu ezilwa nobandlululo sasingasenakugcotshwa njengamakhomanisi! Lokho kwaba ngumlando wenkulumo kaMongameli uFW de Klerk ngoFebhuwari 1990. UDe Klerk wabona umbhalo odongeni.
Ngaphandle kokufinyelela emabhange amakhulu ayisikhombisa aseNew York kanye nohlelo lokukhokha idola laseMelika, iNingizimu Afrika ibingeke ikwazi ukuhweba noma kuphi emhlabeni. UMongameli uNelson Mandela ngemuva kwalokho wavuma ukuthi umkhankaso wokujeziswa kwamabhange eNew York kwakuyindlela eyodwa esebenza kakhulu ukulwa nobandlululo.[xix]
Kuyisifundo sokubaluleka okukhethekile ngo-2021 kwabakwa-Israyeli, njengeNingizimu Afrika yobandlululo, abathi ngamanga yintando yeningi. Ukugcolisa abagxeki bayo ngokuthi "ama-anti-Semitic" kuya ngokuya kukhiqiza njengoba inani elikhulayo lamaJuda emhlabeni jikelele lizihlukanisa neZionism.
Ukuthi i-Israel iyisizwe sobandlululo manje sekubhalwe kabanzi - kubandakanya neRussell Tribunal on Palestine eyahlangana eKapa ngoNovemba 201l. Kuqinisekisile ukuthi ukuziphatha kukahulumeni wase-Israel maqondana nabantu basePalestine kuyahlangabezana nemibandela yezomthetho yobandlululo njengecala lokulwa nobandlululo.
Ngaphakathi kwe- "Israyeli efanele," imithetho engaphezu kwengu-50 iyabandlulula izakhamizi zasePalestine zakwa-Israyeli ngesisekelo sobuzwe, umhlaba nolimi, namaphesenti angama-93 omhlaba abekelwe ukuhlala kwamaJuda kuphela. Ngesikhathi sobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika, ukuhlazeka okunjalo kwachazwa ngokuthi “ubandlululo oluncane.” Ngale “komugqa oluhlaza,” iGunya lasePalestine liyi “bandlululo elikhulu” iBantustan, kepha elinamandla okuzimela amancane kunalawo ayenamaBantustan eNingizimu Afrika.
UMbuso WaseRoma, uMbuso WaseTurkey, uMbuso WaseFrance, uMbuso WaseBrithani kanye noMbuso WaseSoviet konke kwagcina kubhidlikile ngemuva kokuchithwa yizindleko zezimpi zabo. Ngamazwi ayizidina kamufi uChalmers Johnson, owabhala izincwadi ezintathu ngokuwa ngokuzayo koMbuso waseMelika: “izinto ezingakwazi ukuqhubeka unomphela, ungazenzi.”[xx]
Ukuwa okuzayo kombuso waseMelika kwaqokonyiswa ukuvukela umbuso eWashington okwabangelwa nguTrump ngomhlaka 6 Januwari. Inketho okhethweni lukamongameli lwango-2016 beyiphakathi kwesigebengu sasempini nesihlanya. Ngiphikisana lapho-ke ukuthi uhlanya empeleni bekungukukhetha okungcono ngoba uTrump ubengalusakaza lolu hlelo kanti uHillary Clinton ubezolimasa futhi alulule isikhathi eside.
Ngaphansi kokuzenzisa "kokugcina iMelika iphephile," kusetshenziswa amakhulu ezigidigidi zamarandi kuthengwa izikhali ezingenamsebenzi. Ukuthi i-US ilahlekelwe yizo zonke izimpi ebisizilwela kusukela ngeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba akubonakali kunendaba inqobo nje uma imali izongena kuLokheed Martin, uRaytheon, uBoeing nezinkulungwane zabanye osonkontileka bezikhali, kanye namabhange nezinkampani zikawoyela.[xxi]
I-US yachitha ama- $ 5.8 trillion nje kwizikhali zenuzi kusuka ngo-1940 kuze kube sekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi ngo-1990 kanti ngonyaka odlule yaphakamisa ukusebenzisa enye i- $ 1.2 trillion ukuyenza ibe yesimanje.[xxii] Isivumelwano Sokuvinjelwa Kwesivumelwano Sezixhobo Zenyukliya saba ngumthetho wamazwe omhlaba ngomhlaka 22 Januwari 2021.
I-Israel inezimpi zenuzi ezilinganiselwa ku-80 ezibhekiswe e-Iran. UMongameli uRichard Nixon noHenry Kissinger ngo-1969 baqamba inganekwane ethi “i-US izokwamukela isimo senuzi sakwa-Israyeli inqobo nje uma u-Israyeli engazange asivume esidlangalaleni”. [xxiii]
Njengoba i-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ivuma, i-Iran yashiya izifiso zayo zokwakha izikhali zenuzi kudala ngo-2003 ngemuva kokuthi abaseMelika belengise uSaddam Hussein, owayekade “eyindoda yabo” e-Iraq. Ukugcizelela kuka-Israyeli ukuthi i-Iran iyisongo ekuthuleni nasekuvikelekeni komhlaba wonke kungamanga njengobuhlakani obungamanga base-Israel ngo-2003 mayelana "nezikhali zokubhujiswa kwabantu".
Amafutha aseBrithani “athola” ePersia (Iran) ngo-1908, futhi awaphanga. Ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni okhethwe ngentando yeningi enze ukuthi imboni kawoyela yase-Iranian ibe yizwe, ohulumeni baseBrithani nabaseMelika ngo-1953 bahlela i-coup d'etat, base besekela ubushiqela obunonya buka-Shah waze wachithwa ngesikhathi kuguquka u-Iran ngo-1979.
AbaseMelika babethukuthele (futhi bahlala). Ngokuziphindiselela nokusebenzisana noSaddam kanye nohulumeni abaningi (kubandakanya iNingizimu Afrika yobandlululo), iMelika yagqugquzela ngamabomu impi yeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili phakathi kwe-Iraq ne-Iran. Njengoba kunikezwe lowo mlando futhi kufaka phakathi ukuhoxiswa kukaTrump kweJoint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), akumangalisi ukuthi abantu base-Iranian bangabaze kangako ngezibophezelo zaseMelika zokuthobela noma yiziphi izivumelwano noma izivumelwano.
Okusengcupheni indima yedola laseMelika njengemali ebekiwe emhlabeni, kanye nokuzimisela kweMelika ukuphoqelela ubumbano lwayo lwezezimali kanye nolwezempi emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kuchaza nogqozi lwemizamo kaTrump yokufaka uguquko eVenezuela, enezinqolobane ezinkulu zikawoyela emhlabeni.
UTrump wayeshilo ngo-2016 ukuthi "uzokhipha ixhaphozi" eWashington. Esikhundleni salokho, ngesikhathi sokubuka kukamongameli, ixhaphozi lajikela emgodini omkhulu, njengoba kugqanyiswa izingalo zakhe ezisebenzelana nabazingeli baseSaudi Arabia, Israel kanye ne-UAE kanye "nesivumelwano sokuthula sekhulu leminyaka" no-Israyeli.[xxiv]
UMongameli uJoe Biden ukweleta ukhetho lwakhe ekuvoteleni abantu base-Afro-American "emazweni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Njengoba kunikezwe udlame lowe-2020 kanye nomthelela wezinhlelo zeBlack Lives Matter, kanye nobumpofu kwabaphakathi nabasebenza, ihhovisi lakhe likamongameli kuzofanele libeke phambili izindaba zamalungelo abantu ngaphakathi ezweni, futhi linciphise namazwe omhlaba.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-20 yezimpi kusukela ngo-9/11, i-US idluliselwe eSyria yiRussia kanye ne-Iran e-Iraq. Futhi i-Afghanistan isiphinde yafakazela idumela layo lomlando "njengamathuna emibuso". Njengebhuloho lomhlaba phakathi kwe-Asia, iYurophu ne-Afrika, iMiddle East ibalulekile ezifisweni zaseChina zokuqinisa isikhundla sayo somlando njengezwe elinamandla emhlabeni.
Impi yobudedengu yakwa-Israyeli / Saudi / US ne-Iran cishe izosusa ukubandakanyeka kweRussia neChina. Imiphumela yomhlaba wonke ingaba yinhlekelele esintwini.
Intukuthelo yomhlaba wonke ngemuva kokubulawa kwentatheli uJamal Khashoggi yengezwe yizambulo zokuthi i-US neBrithani (kanye namanye amazwe kubandakanya iNingizimu Afrika) babe nesandla ekuhlinzekeni iSaudi Arabia ne-UAE hhayi kuphela izikhali kepha futhi nasekuhlinzekeni ngokuxhaswa kwempi ye-Saudi / UAE eYemen.
UBiden usevele umemezele ukuthi ubudlelwano baseMelika neSaudi Arabia "buzobalwa kabusha".[xxv] Ngenkathi kumenyezelwa ukuthi "iMelika ibuyile," amaqiniso abhekene nabaphathi beBiden yizinkinga zasekhaya. Izigaba eziphakathi nezisebenzayo sezimpofu futhi, ngenxa yezinto eziseqhulwini kwezezimali ezinikezwe izimpi kusukela ngo-9/11, ingqalasizinda yaseMelika ayinakwa kabi. Izexwayiso zika-Eisenhower e1961 manje seziqinisekisiwe.
Amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-50 wesabelomali sikaHulumeni wase-US asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izimpi, nezindleko eziqhubekayo zezimali zezimpi ezedlule. Umhlaba minyaka yonke uchitha ama- $ 2 trillion kumalungiselelo empi, iningi lawo elenziwa yi-US kanye nabalingani bayo beNATO. Ingxenyana yalokho kungakhokhela izingqinamba eziphuthumayo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuqeda ubuphofu kanye nezinye izinto eziseqhulwini.
Kusukela ngeMpi yeYom Kippur ngo-1973, uwoyela we-OPEC uthengiswe ngamadola aseMelika kuphela. Esivumelwaneni okuxoxiswene ngaso nguHenry Kissinger, indinganiso kawoyela waseSaudi ishintshe eyegolide.[xxvi] Umphumela womhlaba wonke wawumkhulu, futhi ufaka:
- I-US neBrithani iqinisekisa umndeni wasebukhosini waseSaudi ngokumelene nokuvukela kwasekhaya,
- Uwoyela we-OPEC kumele ubizwe ngentengo yamadola aseMelika kuphela, kuthi imali itholwe kumabhange aseNew York naseLondon. Ngokunjalo, idola liyimali ebekiwe emhlabeni wonke umhlaba uxhasa uhlelo lwamabhange aseMelika nomnotho, nezimpi zaseMelika,
- IBhange LaseNgilandi liphatha "iSaudi Arabia slush fund," inhloso yayo ukuxhasa ukusitheka okufihlekile kwamazwe acebile ngezinsizakusebenza e-Asia nase-Afrika. Uma i-Iraq, i-Iran, iLibya noma iVenezuela ifuna ukukhokhelwa ngama-Euro noma ngegolide esikhundleni samadola, umphumela uba “ukushintsha kombuso”.
Ngenxa yezinga likawoyela laseSaudi, imali ebonakala ingenamkhawulo yokusebenzisa imali kwezempi yase-US empeleni ikhokhelwa ngumhlaba wonke. Lokhu kufaka izindleko zezinkulungwane ezingaba ngu-1 000 zase-US emhlabeni wonke, inhloso yazo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-US enamaphesenti amane kuphela omphakathi womhlaba iyakwazi ukugcina ubuholi bayo bezempi nobezimali. Cishe i-34 yalezi zisekelo zise-Afrika, ezimbili zazo eLibya.[xxvii]
I- “Five Eyes Alliance” yamazwe akhuluma isiNgisi amhlophe (ahlanganisa i-US, iBrithani, iCanada, i-Australia neNew Zealand futhi u-Israyeli oyilungu le-de facto) azikhukhumezile kuwo ilungelo lokungenelela cishe noma yikuphi emhlabeni. I-NATO yangenelela kabi eLibya ngo-2011 ngemuva kokuthi uMuammar Gaddafi efuna ukuthi kukhokhwe igolide ngamafutha eLibya esikhundleni samadola.
Njengoba i-US yehle kwezomnotho kanye neChina ekuphakameni, lezo zinhlaka zamasosha nezezezimali azifanele inhloso kuma-21st Ikhulu leminyaka, futhi alibizi. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa inkinga yezimali yango-2008 ngamabheyili amakhulu nasemabhange naseWall Street, ubhadane lweCovid kanye nokuphuma okukhulu kwebheyili kwezezimali kusheshise ukuwa koMbuso waseMelika.
Kuqondana neqiniso lokuthi i-US ayisekho ngisho nomngenisi ovelele futhi othembele kumafutha ase-Middle East. Izwe laseMelika lithathelwe indawo yiChina, ephinde ibe ngumkweletu nomnikazi omkhulu waseMelika eMithethosivivinywa kaMgcinimafa wase-US. Imiphumela ku-Israyeli njengombuso wabahlali bamakoloni ezweni lama-Arabhu iyoba mikhulu uma "ubaba omkhulu" engakwazi noma engeke angenele.
Amanani egolide nowoyela abekade eyi-barometer lapho kukalwa khona izingxabano zomhlaba wonke. Intengo yegolide imile kanti intengo kawoyela nayo ibuthakathaka, kanti umnotho waseSaudi usenkingeni enkulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, intengo yama-bitcoins i-rocket - kusuka ku- $ 1 000 lapho uTrump eqala ukusebenza ngo-2017 kuya ngaphezu kuka- $ 58 000 ngo-20 Febhuwari. Ngisho nababhange baseNew York ngokungazelelwe baveza ukuthi intengo ye-bitcoin ingahle ifike ngisho ku- $ 200 000 ngasekupheleni kuka-2021 njengoba idola laseMelika lincipha, futhi uhlelo olusha lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke luyavela ezinxushunxushwini.[xxviii]
UTerry Crawford-Browne unjalo World BEYOND War UMxhumanisi Wezwe - iNingizimu Afrika, nombhali we-Eye on the Money (2007), i-Eye on the Diamonds, (2012) ne-Eye on the Gold (2020).
[i] UKersten Knipp, "Ilebhu: AmaPalestina Njengezingulube ZaseGuinea?" I-Deutsche Welle / Qantara de 2013, 10 Disemba 2013.
[Ii] Idathabheyisi yokuThunyelwa Kwangaphandle Kwamasosha Nokuphepha (DIMSA). IKomidi Lezinsiza ZaseMelika, Novemba 2020. https://www.dimse.info/
[Iii] U-Judah Ari Gross, "Ngemuva kokuthi izinkantolo zivimbe umlomo ngesinqumo sokuthengiswa kwezikhali eMyanmar, izishoshovu zithi makube nombhikisho," iTimes of Israel, ngomhlaka 28 Septhemba 2017.
[Iv] U-Owen Bowcott noRebecca Ratcliffe, "Inkantolo enkulu ye-UN iyalela iMyanmar ukuthi ivikele uRohingya ekuqothulweni kohlanga, iThe Guardian, 23 Januwari 2020.
[V] URichard Silverstein, "Amakhasimende akwa-Israyeli Wokubulawa Kwabantu Ngobuhlanga," i-Jacobin Magazine, ngoNovemba 2018.
[vi] UJeff Halper, Impi Yokulwa Nabantu: U-Israyeli, amaPalestine kanye neGlobal Pacification, IPluto Press, eLondon 2015
[vii] UBen Hallman, "Izizathu ezi-5 zokuthi kungani iLuanda Leaks inkulu kune-Angola," i-International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), 21 Januwari 2020.
[viii] I-Reuters, "I-Angola ishukumise impahla ye-Dos Santos eNkantolo yaseDutch," iTimes Live, ngomhlaka 8 kuNhlolanja 2021.
[ix] IGlobal Witness, "Usozigidigidi owayenempikiswano uDan Gertler kubukeka sengathi wasebenzisa inethiwekhi yokusola imali yamazwe omhlaba ukusaba unswinyo lwaseMelika nokuthola abanikazi bezimayini abasha eDRC," 2 Julayi 2020.
[X] IHuman Rights Watch, “Incwadi ehlangene eya eMelika ngeDan Gertler's License (No. GLOMAG-2021-371648-1), mhlaka 2 Nhlolanja 2021.
[xi] USean Clinton, "Inqubo yeKimberley: Imboni yakwa-Israyeli eyizigidigidi zamadayimane egazi," iMiddle East Monitor, 19 Novemba 2019.
[xii] I-Tetra Tech esikhundleni se-US AID, "Umkhakha Wezimayini Wezobuciko e-Artisanal eCôte D'Ivoire," ngo-Okthoba 2012.
[xiii] UGreg Campbell, IDayimane Legazi: Ukulandela Indlela Ebulalayo Yamatshe Ayigugu Kakhulu Emhlabeni, I-Westview Press, iBoulder, Colorado, 2002.
[xiv] USam Sole, "Uhlu lwabavoti baseZim ezandleni zenkampani yabasolwa bakwa-Israel," iMail and Guardian, ngomhlaka 12 Ephreli 2013.
[xv] UJoe Roeber, “Hard-Wired For Corrupt,” Prospect Magazine, ngomhlaka 28 Agasti 2005
[xvi] UPhil Miller, “Kwembulwa: Amakhosi asebukhosini aseBrithani ahlangana namakhosi anobushiqela eMiddle East izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-200 selokhu kwaqubuka i-Arab Spring eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule,” kusho iDaily Maverick, 10 Febhuwari 23.
[xvii] USasha Polakow-Suransky, I-Unspoken Alliance: Ubudlelwano obuyimfihlo bakwa-Israyeli neNingizimu Afrika Yobandlululo, UJacana Media, eKapa, 2010.
[xviii] UKen Owen, ngeSonto Times, ngomhlaka 25 Juni 1995.
[xix] U-Anthony Sampson, “Iqhawe elisukela Enkathini Yezidlakela,” iCape Times, ngomhlaka 10 Disemba 2013.
[xx] UChalmers Johnson (owashona ngo-2010) wabhala izincwadi eziningi. I-trilogy yakhe eMbusweni wase-US, Phindaphinda (2004), Izinsizi ZoMbuso (2004) kanye Nemesis (2007) gxila ekubhujisweni kwesikhathi esizayo koMbuso ngenxa yempi yayo yobudedengu. Ingxoxo yevidiyo yemizuzu engama-52 ekhiqizwe ngo-2018 ukubikezela okuqondakalayo futhi itholakala mahhala mahhala. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwFm64_uXA
[xxi] UWilliam Hartung, Abaprofethi Bempi: U-Lockheed Martin kanye nokwenziwa kwe-Military Industrial Complex, ngo-2012
[xxii] UHart Rapaport, "Uhulumeni wase-US uhlela ukusebenzisa imali engaphezu kwesigidi sezigidi zamarandi ku-Nuclear Weapons," Columbia K = 1 Project, Centre for Nuclear Study, 9 Julayi 2020
[xxiii] U-Avner Cohen noWilliam Burr, “Awuthandi Ukuthi U-Israyeli Unebhomu? Blame Nixon, ”Abezangaphandle, 12 Septhemba 2014.
[xxiv] I-Interactive Al Jazeera.com, "Uhlelo lukaTrump lwaseMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nekhulu leminyaka lamadili ahlulekile," 28 Januwari 2020.
[xxv] U-Becky Anderson, "i-US ibeke eceleni i-Crown Prince ekubuyiselweni kabusha ne-Saudi Arabia," i-CNN, 17 February 2021
[xxvi] F. William Engdahl, Ikhulu Lempi: I-Anglo-American Oil Politics ne-New World Order, 2011.
[xxvii] UNick Turse, "Amasosha aseMelika athi 'anendawo elula e-Afrika: Le mibhalo ikhombisa inqwaba yezisekelo." I-Intercept, 1 Disemba 2018.
[xxviii] "Ingabe Umhlaba Kufanele Wamukele Ama-Cryptocurrensets?" I-Al Jazeera: Indaba Yangaphakathi, 12 Februwari 2021.
