Intsha ekhulela e-Afghanistan namuhla ayikaze ikwazi ukuthula, futhi emuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi amabili yemizamo yentuthuko yase-US, izimo zokuphila ezweni zingaba zimbi kakhulu kunangesikhathi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuthula" kwaqala ngo-2001.
Impi iye yaba nethonya elibi ezinganeni zase-Afghanistan.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-20 yemizamo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-United States, ngezinethemba lokusiza izwe elikhungethwe yimpi lithatha indlela yokuzinza nokuzethemba, okuncane kushintshile phansi izingane ezikhulayo namuhla e-Afghanistan. Akulona ephephile. Abanamalungelo amaningi. Futhi abakaze bazi ukuthula.
Iqiniso liwukuthi izimo zokuphila ezweni zingase zibi nakakhulu uma "ukuthula" kuqale ngo-2001.
Sivame ukubona izinombolo kanye nezibalo mayelana nezwe ekutholeni ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene, imibiko yamalungelo abantu kanye nenkohlakalo. Kodwa lezi zinombolo zisho ukuthini kuma-Afghans?
Ku-2017, izingane ze-8,000 zabikwa zabulawa futhi zahlukunyezwa empini evela eSiriya naseJemen eCongo nase-Afghanistan. Izingane zase-Afghanistan zilandisa ngaphezu kwezingu-40 zenani. Ukuhlukumeza phakathi kwezingane zase-Afghan kwaba nazo yanda ngamaphesenti angu-24 ku-2016.
Ngaphandle kwezindleko zangokwenyama yi-toll yengqondo yempi. Cishe isigamu sezingane phakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 ne-17, noma izigidi ezingu-3.7, azihambi esikoleni, futhi isilinganiso sezingane ezingaphandle kwezingane iye yanda kumazinga we-2002. Amantombazane athola amaphesenti angu-XNUM yale namba.
Impi inqume uhlelo lokufundisa e-Afghanistan. Ukuhlaselwa ezikoleni kuye kwavuswa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingqubuzana nazo, manje ezanda. Izikole ezisebenza ezindaweni ezisemakhaya zase-Afghanistan zibhekene nazo izinselele ezinzima. Njengoba izwe linesisetshenziswa esincane kunazo zonke kagesi emhlabeni, abafundi banokufinyeleleka okulinganiselwe ezinsizakalweni zemfundo eziyisisekelo neziklasini zangaphandle. Lezi zimo zenza ukufunda kube nzima, uma kungenakwenzeka.
Amantombazane aseklasini yokuzikhandla e-Afghanistan. (Human Rights Watch)
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule njenge "impi yokuthula" yaqala, ukuxhashazwa kwengane e-Afghanistan kuye kwaqina. Izingane ziye zaba aqashwe futhi asetshenziselwa ukulwa futhi ukutshala amadivaysi okuqhuma angaphili. Izinhlangano eziningi zamalungelo abantu zitholile izingane ziboshiwe ngamacala amakhulu, kuhlanganise nabakwaTaliban fighters, bekungaba yizibulali zokuzibulala, abenzi bebhomu kanye nabangane ababesolwa ngamabutho ahlomile. Abaningi balaba bantwana, abaseneminyaka engaphansi kwe-18, babanjelwa ejele eliphakeme lokuphepha labantu abadala ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele.
Abafana abasejele eliseFyzazabad, e-Afghanistan, abangase babambelele abasolwa bezokuphepha. (Agencja Fotograficzna Caro / Alamy Stock Photo)
I-Afghanistan inomunye wabantu abancane kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Cishe isigamu sezizwe eziyizigidi ezingu-35 zezwe bangaphansi kweminyaka engu-15. Naphezu kwazo zonke izithembiso zokuvikela ilungelo labantwana nokuthuthukisa izimpilo zabo, intsha isalokhu ihlala izisulu ezihlukumezeka kakhulu njengoba izwe lisuka empini eyodwa kuya kwelinye.
Umphakathi wase-US kanye nomhlaba wonke awusizo ekusetshenzisweni kwabo e-Afghanistan. Esikhundleni sokuxhasa ngempi futhi wenze imiphumela enganiselwe eyenza ukuxhomeka kosizo okukhulu, usizo kumele lugxilwe ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zezingane, abantu abathintekayo nabasengozini kakhulu e-Afghanistan.
Ngenxa yobumpofu obukhulu kakhulu, ingxenye engalingani yazo zonke izingane zase-Afghan zisebenza ngokuphila. Bahlala isikhathi eside bekhokha imali encane noma bengakhokhwanga, futhi bakhonzela izimboni ezinomsebenzi, kubandakanya ukugqoka, ukugqoka izitini, ukumba izimayini, izisebenzi zensimbi nokulima.
Izingozi zempi ziholela eminye imiphumela ebuhlungu. Ngezinye izikhathi, imindeni kumele idayise izingane ngokudla.
Noma kunjalo, umshini wezempi ususa ukunakwa ngaphandle kwengxabano yamalungelo e-Afghanistan. Ngesikhathi abampofu behlupheka, abacebile baqhubeka beceba.
Yindaba evamile, edabukisayo.
Noma ubani okhathalela ubulungiswa kubo bonke kufanele aphakamise amalungelo abantwana ase-Afghanistan futhi ihlukanisa emshini wempi wase-US lokho kuxhasa le nkinga yokusiza abantu.
Uma singenjalo, yimuphi ithemba lethu lokuthula okukhona kithi?
Lesi sihloko sakhiwe ngu Umnotho Wokuthula Wendawo, iphrojekthi ye-Independent Media Institute.
