NguDavid Swanson, Ake sizame ngentando yeningi, Julayi 17, i-2022
Bahlala kuphi bonke abaphathi be-Lockheed Martin?
Endaweni Yokungcebeleka Yokugcina!
UJoe Biden no-Israel bahlela ukuhlasela i-Iran njengendawo Yokungcebeleka Yokugcina.
Abathengisi bezikhali abathanda lutho olungcono kunezindawo zokugcina zokungcebeleka. Ukuhlasela i-Ukraine kwakuyisinyathelo sokugcina ngokusho kweRussia. Ukuthumela izikhali ezingapheli e-Ukraine kuyisinyathelo sokugcina ngokusho kwe-US
Win-win! Vele ungakunaki ukwanda okungaphezi nokungamabomu kwamashumi eminyaka adlule. Sula ukuthi i-Baltic yawakhipha kanjani amaSoviet eminyakeni engama-30 eyahamba. Mfwethu, banikeza iziphuzo zamahhala nezihlalo zasolwandle e-Last Resort!
Abasekeli bempi bathi i-US idinga ukuhlasela i-Iran ngokuphuthumayo ngo-2007. Bekuyindlela yokugcina. I-US ayizange ihlasele. Lezi zinsolo ziphenduke amanga. Ngisho ne-National Intelligence Estimate ngo-2007 yahlehla futhi yavuma ukuthi i-Iran yayingenalo uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi. Akukho okubi okubangelwe ukungasebenzisi Indawo Yokungcebeleka Yokugcina. Futhi ngo-2015, isiphetho sokugcina sasihlasela i-Iran. I-US ayizange ihlasele i-Iran. Akukho okubi okwenzekile.
Ungacabanga ukuthi izimangalo ezingapheli "zendlela yokugcina" zingabaluleka. Ungase ucabange ngisho nokuthi amathuba angapheli noma ubani angacabanga ukuwazama esikhundleni sempi anganikeza wona kanye umqondo wokubulawa kwabantu abaningi okuhleliwe kube yinto yokugcina engaqondakali. Nokho, imibukiso yokuvota ukuthi inqobo nje uma ungakhangisi ngempi ngokusobala NJENGOBA AKUYONA indlela yokugcina, wonke umuntu umane acabange ukuthi impi ngayinye izoba yimpi yokuqala yokwethembeka ebuhleni yaseLast Resort.
Yebo, sekungamashumi eminyaka, kube necala eliqinile lokuthi asikho isidingo sokuhlasela i-Iran, njengendawo yokuqala yokuvakasha, indawo yokugcina, noma isaphulelo sekamu lejele lendawo emnyama.
Ukuba nesimiso sezikhali zenuzi akusizathu sokuthi impi, ngokomthetho, ngokuziphatha noma ngokusemthethweni. I-United States inezikhali zenuzi futhi akekho ozokwazi ukuhlasela i-United States.
Incwadi kaDick noLiz Cheney, emangalisayo, sitshele ukuthi kufanele sibone "umehluko wokuziphatha phakathi kwesikhali senuzi sase-Iran nesaseMelika." Kufanele, ngempela? Kungaba engcupheni yokwanda okwengeziwe, ukusetshenziswa ngephutha, ukusetshenziswa umholi ohlanyayo, ukufa kwabantu abaningi nokucekelwa phansi, inhlekelele yemvelo, ukukhuphuka kokuziphindiselela, kanye ne-apocalypse. Esinye salezi zizwe ezimbili sinezikhali zenuzi, sisebenzise izikhali zenuzi, sinikeze esinye izinhlelo zenuzi, sinomgomo wokuthi izikhali zenuzi ziqale zisetshenziswe, sinobuholi obuvimbela ukuba nezikhali zenuzi, sigcine izikhali zenuzi zibe yisithupha. amanye amazwe kanye nezilwandle nezibhakabhaka Zomhlaba, futhi uye wasabisa kaningi ngokusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi. Angicabangi ukuthi lawo maqiniso angenza isikhali senuzi ezandleni zelinye izwe sibe nokuziphatha okuncane kakhulu, kodwa futhi angabi nasimilo esibi nakakhulu. Ake sigxile ekuboneni i empirical umehluko phakathi kwezikhali zenuzi zase-Iranian kanye ne-American one. Omunye ukhona. Omunye akwenzi.
Uma uzibuza, abaongameli base-US abaye benza izinsongo ezithile zomphakathi noma ezifihlakeleyo kwezinye izizwe, esiyazi, njengoba kubhalwe kuDaniel Ellsberg I-Doomsday Machine, uhlanganise noHarry Truman, uDwight Eisenhower, uRichard Nixon, uGeorge HW Bush, uBill Clinton noDonald Trump, kuyilapho abanye, kuhlanganise noBarack Obama, bebevame ukusho izinto ezinjengokuthi "Zonke izinketho zikhona etafuleni" maqondana ne-Iran noma elinye izwe.
Ngo-2015, njengoba kushiwo, abalandeli bezempi bathi i-US idinga ukuhlasela i-Iran ngokushesha. Ayizange ihlasele. Lezi zinsolo ziphenduke amanga. Ngisho nezimangalo zabasekeli besivumelwano senuzi zaqinisa amanga okuthi i-Iran inohlelo lwezikhali zenuzi oludinga ukubamba. Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-Iran ike yaba nohlelo lwezikhali zenuzi.
Umlando omude we-United States olele ngezikhali zenuzi zase-Iranian ulandelwa incwadi kaGareth Porter Inkinga Ekhiqiziwe.
Abagqugquzeli bempi noma izinyathelo ezibheke empini (unswinyo kwakuyisinyathelo esibheke empini e-Iraq) bangase bathi siyidinga ngokuphuthumayo impi manje, kodwa ngeke babe nengxabano yokuphuthuma, futhi izimangalo zabo, kuze kube manje, zingamanga asobala.
Uma i-Iran inecala lanoma yibuphi ubugebengu, futhi kunobufakazi obusekela leso simangalo, i-United States kanye nomhlaba kufanele ifune ukushushiswa kwayo. Kunalokho, i-United States iyazihlukanisa ngokubhidliza umthetho. Icekela phansi ukwethembeka kwayo ngokubhidliza izivumelwano nokusabisa ngesinqumo sokugcina. Kunhlolovo ye-Gallup ngo-2013 kanye nenhlolovo ye-Pew ngo-2017 iningi lezizwe okwaxoxwa ngalo zenze ukuthi i-United States ithole amavoti amaningi njengosongo olukhulu lokuthula emhlabeni. Kunhlolovo kaGallup, abantu base-US bakhethe i-Iran njengosongo olukhulu lokuthula emhlabeni - i-Iran eyayingakaze ihlasele esinye isizwe emakhulwini eminyaka futhi yachitha ngaphansi kwe-1% yalokho okwachithwa yi-US kwezempi. Le mibono ngokusobala iwumsebenzi walokho abantu abatshelwa khona ngemithombo yezindaba.
Umlando wezobudlelwano base-US / Iranian lapha. I-US ihlukumeze intando yeningi yase-Iran ku-1953 futhi ifaka ikhasimende elinonya lobudakamizwa / izikhali.
I-US yanikeze u-Iran ubuchwepheshe benamandla enyukliya kuma-1970s.
Ngo-2000, i-CIA yanikeza i-Iran izinhlelo zamabhomu enuzi ngomzamo wokuyihlela. Lokhu kubikwe nguJames Risen, kanti uJeffrey Sterling waya ejele ngezinsolo zokuba ngumthombo kaRisen.
I-push yokuhlasela i-Iran iye yahlala isikhathi eside kangangokuthi zonke izigaba zezimpikiswano zalo (njengokuthi ama-Irani abangela ukuphikiswa kwe-Iraq) uye wafika futhi.
Ngenkathi i-Iran ingazange ihlasele noma yiliphi elinye izwe emakhulwini eminyaka, i-United States ingenzi kahle kakhulu i-Iran.
I-United States yasiza i-Iraq kuma-1980 ekuhlaseleni i-Iran, ihlinzeka i-Iraq ngezikhali ezithile (kuhlanganise nezikhali zamakhemikhali) ezazisetshenziselwa ama-Irani futhi ezosetshenziswa ku-2002-2003 (lapho zingasekho) njengesizathu sokuhlaselwa Iraq.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, i-United States ibhalele i-Iran isizwe esibi, sihlasela futhi wabhubhisa esinye isizwe esingesilo yenuzi ohlwini lwamazwe amabi, ayingxenye yeqembu lase-Iran a inhlangano yamaphekula, wamangalela u-Iran ngamacala obugebengu afaka phakathi ukuhlaselwa kwe-9-11, wabulawa isi-Iranian ososayensi, ixhaswe ngemali ukuphikiswa amaqembu e-Iran (kufaka phakathi amanye ama-US athiwa amaphekula), agijima drones phezu kwe-Iran, ngokuvulekile nangokwemthethweni esongelwa ukuhlasela i-Iran, futhi wakha amabutho empi nxazonke Imingcele ye-Iran, ngenkathi ibeka impi enonya izigwebo ezweni.
Izimpande ze-push Washington empini entsha e-Iran zingatholakala ku-1992 Isiqondiso Sokuhlela Ukuzivikela, iphepha le-1996 elibizwa ngokuthi Ukuphumula okuhlanzekile: Isu elisha lokulondoloza indawo, i-2000 Ukuvuselela ukuvikela kweMelika, naku-2001 Pentagon memo echazwe ngu Wesley Clark njengoba ubhala lezi zizwe ukuhlasela: i-Iraq, iLibya, iSomalia, iSudan, iLebanon, iSiriya ne-Iran.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi uBush Jr. uchitha i-Iraq, ne-Obama eLibya, kanti abanye baqhubeka nemisebenzi eqhubekayo.
Ku-2010, Tony Blair kuhlanganisiwe I-Iran ohlwini olufanayo lwamanye amazwe athi uDick Cheney uhloselwe ukuwachitha. Umzila phakathi kwamandla aseWashington ku-2003 kwakuwukuthi i-Iraq yayizoba yi-cakewalk kodwa lokho Amadoda langempela aya eTehran. Izingxabano kulezi zimemo ezindala ezikhohliwe akuzona lokho abenzi bezimpi abazitshela umphakathi, kodwa basondelene kakhulu ngalokho abakutshelayo. Ukukhathazeka lapha kungukuthi izifunda ezibusayo zicebile, zisabisa abanye, futhi zisungula izisekelo zokugcina ukulawulwa kohulumeni bama-puppet.
Yiqiniso ukuthi kungani "amadoda angempela aya eTehran" ukuthi i-Iran akusiyo isizwe esingaswelekile esingasondleki esingase sithole kuyo, sithi, Afghanistan noma i-Iraq, noma ngisho nesizwe esingabhubhiswanga esitholakala eLibya ku-2011. I-Iran inkulu kakhulu futhi ihlomile kangcono. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-United States iqala ukuhlaselwa okukhulu ku-Iran noma ku-Israyeli, i-Iran uzobuyisela ngokumelene namabutho ase-US futhi mhlawumbe u-Israyeli futhi kungenzeka United States uqobo kanjalo. Futhi i-United States ngeke ibuyele impindiselo ngenxa yalokho. I-Iran ayikwazi ukungazi ukuthi ukucindezelwa kukahulumeni wase-US kuhulumeni wase-Israel ukuthi angalandeli i-Iran siqukethe okuqinisekisayo ama-Israel ukuthi i-United States izohlasela lapho kudingeka, futhi akubandakanyi ngisho nokusongela ukuyeka ukuxhasa amasosha akwa-Israyeli noma ukumisa izinyathelo zokuphikisa zokuziphendulela ngamacala akwa-Israel eNhlanganweni Yezizwe.
Ngamanye amazwi, noma yikuphi ukumangalela kwe-US okufuna ngokujulile ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-Israel akulona iqiniso. Yiqiniso, abaningi kuhulumeni wase-US kanye namasosha bayaphikisa ukuhlasela i-Iran, nakuba izibalo ezibalulekile ezifana ne-Admiral William Fallon ziye zaphuma endleleni. Iningi lempi yama-Israyeli ephikisanayo futhi, ngaphandle kokubalula abantu base-Israel nabakwa-US. Kodwa impi ayilungile noma eqondile. Uma abantu esibavumela ukugijima izizwe zethu bahlasele omunye, sonke sibeka engozini.
Abaningi abasengozini, yiqiniso, bangabantu base-Iran, abantu njengokuthula njenganoma yimuphi omunye, noma mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Njenganoma yiliphi izwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhulumeni walo, abantu base-Iran bahle kakhulu, bahloniphekile, banokuthula, banembile, futhi banjengawe kanye nami. Ngihlangane nabantu base-Iran. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nabantu abavela e-Iran. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu. Akuzona izinhlobo ezihlukile. Ababi. "Isiteleka sokuhlinza" ngokumelene "nesakhiwo" ezweni lakubo kungabangela iningi lazo lokufa ukufa okubuhlungu kakhulu nokulimala kakhulu. Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi i-Iran ngeke iphindiselele ukuhlaselwa okunjalo, yilokho ukuhlaselwa kuzokuzo: ukubulala kwabantu.
Futhi lokho kwakuyokwenzenjani? Kuzohlanganisa abantu base-Iran kanye neningi lezwe ngokumelene ne-United States. Kungase kulungele izwe elikhulu uhlelo lwe-Iranian ngaphansi komhlaba ukuthuthukisa izikhali zenuzi, uhlelo okungenzeka ukuthi alukho njengamanje, ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlelo zezomthetho zamandla enyukliya ezishukumisela izwe eduze kwezokuthuthukiswa kwezikhali. Umonakalo ongokwemvelo uzoba mkhulu kakhulu, isibonelo sabeka ngokuyingozi kakhulu, konke ukukhuluma ngokusika isabelomali sezempi yase-US kungcwatshwa emgodini wezinkathazo zempi, ukukhululeka komphakathi kanye nohulumeni omeleyo bezodiliza i-Potomac, umjaho wezikhali zenuzi uzosakazeka amazwe angeziwe, nanoma yiliphi i-glee elidabukisayo elizobe lidlula lizobe likhulu ngokusheshisa ukulungiswa kwekhaya, ukukhuphula isikweletu somfundi, nokuqoqa izigaba zobuwula.
Izakhiwo eziqinile, ezemthethweni, nezokuziphatha akuzona izizathu zempi, futhi akukho nokuphishekela izikhali. Futhi futhi, ngingase ngifake, nge-Iraq engqondweni, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphishekela izikhali akuzange kwenzeke. I-Israel inezikhali zenuzi. I-United States inezikhali zenuzi eziningi kunanoma yiliphi elinye izwe. Ngeke kube necala lokuhlasela i-United States, Israel, noma yimuphi omunye izwe. Ukuqamba ukuthi i-Iran inezikhali zenuzi noma kuzoba maduze nje, noma ngabe kunjalo, inkohliso nje, evuselelwe, debunked, futhi wavuselelwa futhi njenge-zombie iminyaka neminyaka. Kodwa lokho akuyona into engavamile ngempela yalesi simangalo samanga ngenjongo ethile engekho emthethweni yokulwa nempi. Ingxenye engavamile ngempela ukuthi yi-United States ku-1976 eyasusa amandla enyukliya e-Iran. Ku-2000 the I-CIA inikezele Uhulumeni wase-Iranian (amaphutha kancane) uhlela ukwakha ibhomu lenuzi. Ku-2003, i-Iran iphakamise izingxoxo ne-United States nayo yonke into etafuleni, kuhlanganise nobuchwepheshe bayo base nyukliya, futhi i-United States yenqaba. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, i-United States yaqala ukuqhuma impi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eholwa yi-US izigwegwe zivimbela I-Iran kusukela ekuthuthukiseni amandla emoyeni, kuyilapho abazalwane bakaKoch bevunyelwe ukuba ukuhwebelana ne-Iran ngaphandle kwesijeziso.
Enye indawo eqhubekayo amanga debunking, elilodwa elifana ncamashi ne-buildup ekuhlaselweni kwe-2003 e-Iraq, yilokho okushiwo okungamanga, okufaka phakathi ukhetho ku-2012 kumongameli we-US, ukuthi i-Iran ayizange ivumele abahloli ezweni layo noma banikeze ukufinyelela kumasayithi ayo. I-Iran yayineqiniso, ngaphambi kwesivumelwano wamukele ngokuzithandela Izindinganiso ezinzima kune-IAEA zidinga. Futhi-ke uhlu oluhlukile lwama propaganda, noma ngabe oluphikisanayo, luthi i-IAEA ithole uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi e-Iran. Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano se-nyukliya esingekho ukukhula (i-NPT), i-Iran yayiyi akudingeki ukumemezela konke ukufakwa kwalo, futhi ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi eyakhethe ukukhetha, njengoba i-United States yephula isivumelwano esifanayo ngokuvimbela iJalimane, iChina nabanye ukuhlinzeka ngemishini yamandla enyukliya e-Iran. Ngesikhathi i-Iran ihlala ihambisana ne-NPT, i-India ne-Pakistan ne-Israel ayizange isayine futhi iNorth Korea ihoxile kuyo, kuyilapho i-United States neminye yamandla enyukliya iqhubeka ihlukumeza ngokuhluleka ukunciphisa izingalo, ngokunikeza izikhali kwamanye amazwe njenge-India, nangokuthuthukisa izikhali zenuzi ezintsha.
Yilokhu okushiwo umbuso wezinsizakalo zasezempi zase-US kubonakala ku-Iran. Zama uku cabanga uma uhlala khona, yini ongayicabangela ngalokhu. Ubani osongela ubani? Ubani engozini enkulu kulabo? Iphuzu akusiyo ukuthi i-Iran kufanele ikhululeke ukuhlasela i-United States noma omunye umuntu ngoba ibutho layo lempi liyingcosana. Iphuzu lokuthi ukwenza kanjalo kungaba ukuzibulala ezweni. Kungaba futhi into eyenziwa yi-Iran engamakhulu eminyaka. Kodwa kungaba njalo ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kwe-US.
Ulungele ukuphika okungenangqondo nakakhulu? Lokhu kufana nesilinganiso sikaBush mayelana nokungazicabangi ngempela u-Osama bin Laden. Usukulungele? Abagqugquzeli bokuhlasela i-Iran ngokwabo bayavuma ukuthi uma i-Iran yayinama-nukes ayengeke ayisebenzise. Lokhu kuvela ku-American Enterprise Institute:
"Inkinga enkulu ye-United States ayiyona i-Iran ethola isikhali sezikhali zenuzi futhi iyayihlola, i-Iran ithola isikhali se nyukliya hhayi ukuyisebenzisa. Ngoba owesibili ukuthi unabo futhi abenzi lutho olubi, bonke abahamba phambili bazobuya futhi bathi, 'Bheka, sikutshele ukuthi i-Iran iyinhlangano ephethe. Sitshele ukuthi i-Iran ayitholanga izikhali zenuzi ukuze zizisebenzise ngokushesha. ' ... Futhi ekugcineni bazochaza i-Iran ngezikhali zenuzi njengoba kungeyona inkinga. "
Ingabe lokho kucacile? I-Iran esebenzisa isikhali se nyukliya kungaba yingozi: ukulimala kwemvelo, ukulahlekelwa komuntu, ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuhlupheka, yada, yada, yada. Kodwa kungaba yini okubi kakhulu ukuthi i-Iran ithole isikhali sika nyukliya bese yenza lokho okunye isizwe esinazo esenze kusukela uNagasaki: lutho. Lokhu kungaba kubi ngempela ngoba kungalimaza impikiswano yempi nokwenza impi ibe nzima, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela i-Iran ukuba igijime izwe layo njengalo, esikhundleni se-United States, ibona kufanelekile. Yiqiniso kungase kusebenze kabi kakhulu (nakuba singenaso imodeli yezwe ngapha nangapha), kodwa bekuyoyigijima ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa kwe-US, futhi lokho kuyoba kubi kakhulu kunokubhujiswa kwezinto zenuzi.
Ukuhlolwa kwavunyelwa e-Iraq futhi basebenza. Abatholanga izikhali futhi kwakungekho izikhali. Ukuhlolwa kuvunyelwe e-Iran futhi basebenza. Noma kunjalo, i-IAEA ingaphansi kwe ithonya elilimazayo kahulumeni wase-US. Noma kunjalo, ama-bluster avela empini abaphikisi bempi mayelana ne-IAEA athi eminyakeni edlule ayixhasiwe noma yiziphi izimangalo zangempela ezivela e-IAEA. Futhi yiyiphi into encane i-IAEA eyinikezile ngenxa yempi bekulokhu kabanzi wenqatshelwe uma kungenjalo wahleka.
Omunye unyaka, omunye amanga. Asisayizwa ukuthi iNyakatho Korea isekela i-Iran ukwakha ama-nukes. Amanga mayelana Ukusekela kwe-Iranian of Izikhulu zase-Iraqi sekuphelile. (Ingabe ama-United States awazange aphikise amaFulentshi ama-German ngesikhathi esisodwa?) I-concoction yakamuva yilapho "i-Iran yenza i-911" amanga. Ukuphindiselela, njengalezo zonke ezinye izizathu zokuzama ukulwa nempi, empeleni akuyona imvume yokusemthethweni yezomthetho noma yokuziphatha. Kodwa le fiction yakamuva isivele isetshenziselwe ukuphumula ngokubaluleka I-Gareth Porter, phakathi kwabanye. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-Saudi Arabia, eyabamba iqhaza ku-911 kanye nokumelene ne-Iraq, idayiswa amarekhodi amaningi alowo mlando omdala oholela ekuthumeleni kwe-US okuyiwona wonke esiqhoshayo: izikhali zokubhujiswa okukhulu.
O, ngicishe ngikhohlwa amanye amanga angazange aphele ngokuphelele. I-Iran akenzanga zama ukuphosa i-Saudi unxusa eWashington, DC, isenzo uMongameli Obama abengabheka ngokufanelekile uma adluliselwa, kodwa amanga ngisho neFox News isikhathi esinzima sokugoma. Futhi lokho kusho okuthile.
Futhi-ke kukhona lokho okumele kwenziwe khona: U-Ahmadinejad wathi "u-Israyeli kufanele asuswe ebalazweni." Nakuba lokhu kungenjalo, mhlawumbe, kuphakama ezingeni likaJohn McCain ngokucula ngokuqhuma amabhomu e-Iran noma eBush no-Obama ngokufunga ukuthi konke okukhethwa kukho okubandakanya ukuhlaselwa kwezikhali zenuzi itafula, lizwakala liphazamisa kakhulu: "lisula imephu"! Noma kunjalo, ukuhumusha kuyingozi. Ukuhumusha okunembile kwakuwukuthi "umbuso ophethe iJerusalema kufanele uphelelwe kusukela ekhasini lesikhathi." Uhulumeni wakwa-Israyeli, hhayi isizwe sakwa-Israyeli. Ngisho nohulumeni ka-Israyeli, kodwa umbuso wamanje. Isihogo, abaseMelika basho njalo ngemibuso yabo ngaso sonke isikhathi, beshintsha yonke iminyaka emine kuya kweyisishiyagalombili kuye ngokuthi iqembu lezombangazwe (abanye bethu bakusho ngisho naso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kokuzivikela komuntu ngamunye). I-Iran iye yacacisa ukuthi izovuma isixazululo sezwe ezimbili uma amaPalestina evunywa yiyo. Uma ngabe i-US iqalile ukushaya impi ngesikhathi sonke umuntu ethi kukhona okuyisiphukuphuku, noma ngabe ihunyushwe ngokunembile, kungaba kanjani ukuphephile ukuhlala eduze kwaseNewt Gingrich sikaJoe Biden?
Ingozi yangempela ingase ingabi amanga ngempela. Ukuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Iraq kuye kwaba nokuphikisana kwengqondo kulezi zinhlobo zamanga kubantu abaningi base-US. Ingozi yangempela ingase ibe ukuqala kancane kwempi ezuzayo ngokwayo ngaphandle kokumenyezelwa okusemthethweni kokuqala kwayo. U-Israyeli kanye ne-United States abazange bavele bekhuluma kanzima noma behlanya. Baye ukubulala ama-Irani. Futhi kubonakala bengenamahloni ngakho. Ngosuku olulandelayo impikiswano eyinhloko yomongameli waseRepublican lapho abakhethi bamemezela khona isifiso sabo sokubulala ama-Irani, iCIA yabonakala Izindaba kwaba umphakathi ukuthi empeleni beyivele kakade ukubulala ama-Irani, ungasayiphathi ukushaya izakhiwo. Abanye bangasho futhi bathi i impi isiqalile kakade. Labo abangakwazi ukubona lokhu ngoba abafuni ukukubona ngeke baphinde balahlekelwe amahlaya abulalayo e-United States ecela i-Iran ukuba ibuyele i-drone yayo enesibindi.
Mhlawumbe lokho okudingekayo ukuze baxoshe abaxhasi bezempi ukuthi bangabanjwa yi-slapstick encane. Zama lokhu ngesayizi. Kusuka Seymour Hersh echaza umhlangano ophethwe ehhovisi likaVice-President Cheney:
"Kwakukhona imibono emibili evezwe mayelana nendlela yokuqala impi. Lowo owayengithakazelisa kakhulu yilokho singakakha - thina emkhunjini wethu wemikhumbi - sakhe izikebhe ezine noma eziyisihlanu ezibukeka njengezikebhe ze-PT zakwa-Iranian. Beka izibopho ze-Navy kuzo ngezingalo eziningi. Futhi esikhathini esizayo esinye sezikebhe zethu siya ku-Straits of Hormuz, qala ukudubula. Kungabiza ezinye izimpilo. Futhi inqatshiwe ngoba awukwazi ukuba namaMelika abulale amaMelika. Lokho uhlobo - yilokho izinga lezinto esizikhulumayo. Ukucasuka. Kodwa lokho kunqatshiwe. "
Manje, uDick Cheney akuyona i-American yakho ejwayelekile. Akekho ohulumeni base-US oyi-American yakho ejwayelekile. I-American yakho ejwayelekile ihlukumezeka, engavumelani nohulumeni wase-United States, ifuna izigidigidi zikhokhiswe intela, zithanda amandla aluhlaza kanye nemfundo kanye nemisebenzi phezu kwezibhamu zempi, kucabanga ukuthi izinkampani kufanele zivinjelwe ekuthengeni ukhetho, futhi ngeke zithandeke ukuxolisa ngokudubula ebusweni yi-Vice-President. Emuva kuma-1930, i-Ludlow Amendment yenza cishe kube yimfuneko yoMthethosisekelo ukuthi ivoti lomphakathi ekubukeleni ngaphambi kokuba i-United States ingene empini. UMengameli uFranklin Roosevelt uvimbele leso siphakamiso. Kodwa uMthethosisekelo usuvele udingekile futhi kusadingeka ukuthi iCongress imemezele impi ngaphambi kokuba impi isilwe. Lokhu akukwenziwanga eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-70, kanti izimpi ziye zahlasela ngokungapheli. Kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule futhi ngokusayinwa kukaMongameli Obama ukusayina uMthetho oVunyelwe ukuVikela iNational National Authorization Act ku-New Years Eve 2011-2012, amandla okulwa nawo anikezwe kumengameli. Nasi esinye isizathu esithile sokuphikisa impi yomongameli e-Iran: uma uvumela abaongameli ukuba benze izimpi, awusoze waziyeka. Esinye isizathu, kuze kube yilapho noma ubani engabeka isikhathi eside, impi iyibugebengu. I-Iran ne-United States bangamalungu e-Kellogg-Briand Pact, okuyinto vimbela impi. Enye yalezi zizwe ezimbili ayihambisani.
Kodwa ngeke sibe nokubukwa kwesibalo. I-House House of Abonakele I-US ngeke isingene. Kuphela ngokucindezela komphakathi okubanzi kanye nesenzo esingenzi lutho sizosongena kule nhlekelele ehamba kancane. kakade the I-united states futhi i-United Kingdom balungiselela impi ne-Iran. Le mpi, uma kwenzeka, izolwa nesikhungo esibizwa ngokuthi uMnyango Wezokuvikela we-United States, kodwa siyofaka engozini kunokuba sivikele. Njengoba impi iqhubeka, siyokwaziswa ukuthi abantu base-Iranian bafuna ukuhlaselwa ngamabomu ngenxa yenzuzo yabo, ngenkululeko, ngentando yeningi. Kodwa akekho ofuna ukuqhunjwa ngalokho. I-Iran ayifuni intando yeningi ye-US. Ngisho ne-United States ayifuni intando yeningi ye-US. Sizokwaziswa ukuthi leyo migomo ehloniphekile iqondisa izenzo zamabutho ethu anesibindi nama-drones ethu aqinile empini. Kodwa ngeke kube khona ibutho lempi. Ngeke kube khona imigqa yangaphambili. Ngeke kube khona izintambo. Kuzoba khona imizi namadolobha abantu abahlala kuwo, nalapho abantu befa khona. Ngeke kube khona ukunqoba. Ngeke kube nenqubekelaphambili efezwe ngokusebenzisa "ukuqhuma." NgoJanuwari 5, i-2012, uNobhala wezokuVikela "uLenon Panetta owayesebenza ngaleso sikhathi wabuzwa enkomfeni yabezindaba mayelana nokuhluleka kwe-Iraq ne-Afghanistan, futhi waphendula ngokumane ukuthi lezo zimpumelelo. Yilokho uhlobo lwempumelelo engalindelwe e-Iran ukuthi i-Iran iyisimo esingenasidingo nesingasetshenzisiwe.
Manje sesiqala ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwawo konke ukucindezelwa kwamaphephandaba, amanga, namanga ngomonakalo owenziwe e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Manje siyaqonda ukuthi kungani u-Obama noPanetta bamukela amanga aqala iMpi e-Iraq. Amanga afanayo kufanele avuselelwe manje, njengalokhu yonke impi eyake yalwa, iMpi e-Iran. Nakhu a ividiyo uchaza ukuthi lokhu kuzosebenza kanjani, ngisho nokunye okusha ihlanekezela futhi inkatho of ukuhluka. Imithombo yenkampani yase-US iyinhlangano ingxenye yemishini yempi.
Ukuhlela impi nokuxhasa izimpi idala eyakhe umfutho. Izigwegwe ziba njengamatshe ase-Iraq, njengamatshe ahamba phambili. Sika izingxoxo ushiya ambalwa izinketho kuvulwe. Imincintiswano yokhetho sithathe sonke lapho iningi lethu sasingafuni ukuba khona.
Lezi izi amabhomu kungacishe kwenzeke ukuqalisa lesi sahluko esibi nakakhulu okungenzeka ukuphela komlando wesintu. Lokhu izithombe ubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi bazokwenzani. Ukuze kube nesethulo esingcono nakakhulu, umbhangqwana ohambisana nalomsindo wocingo olungakaziwa ezama ngokungafihli ukukholisa uGeorge Galloway ukuthi kufanele sihlasele i-Iran.
NgoJanuwari 2, 2012, i-New York Times kubika ukukhathazeka ukuthi ukwehlisa isabelomali sezempi yase-US kwaphakamisa ukungabaza ngokuthi ngabe i-United States "ingabe isilungele yini ukugaya, impi eyisikhathi eside e-Asia." Emhlanganweni wePentagon press ngoJanuwari 5, 2012, uSihlalo weziKhulu eziPhezulu zabasebenzi waqinisekisa isidumbu sokucindezela (sic) ukuthi izimpi ezinkulu zasemhlabeni zazikhethwa kakhulu nokuthi izimpi zohlobo oluthile noma olunye ziyiqiniso. Isitatimende sikaMengameli Obama senqubomgomo yempi esakhishwa kuleyo nkomfa yabezindaba sichaze ukuthunywa kwezempi zase-US. Okokuqala bekulwa nobuphekula, okulandelayo "ukuhlukumezeka," bese kuthi "amandla okuklama naphezu kwezinselele zokulwa nokufinyelela / izindawo zokuphika," kusho ama-WMD, ama-WMDs asekudala, ngaleso sikhathi anqobe isikhala kanye nendawo ye-intanethi, izikhali zenuzi, futhi ekugcineni - ngemva kwalokho ukukhuluma ngokuvikela izwe elaziwa ngaphambili njenge-United States.
Amacala e-Iraq ne-Iran awafani nawo yonke imininingwane, yebo. Kodwa kuzo zombili izimo sibhekene nemizamo ehlangene yokusiyisa empini, izimpi ezisekelwe, njengoba zonke izimpi zisekelwe, ngamanga. Kungadingeka sivuselele lokhu isikhalazo e-US nase-Israel amabutho!
Izizathu ezingeziwe zokungena e-Iraq Iran zifaka izizathu eziningi zokungazigcinisi isikhungo sempi nhlobo, njengoba kuvezwe WorldBeyondWar.org.
Ngencwadi Impi Akukaze Imane ihlanganisa kancane mayelana "nezindawo zokugcina zokugcina" engizifaka lapha:
Kuyisinyathelo esiqonde ngqo lapho isiko lisuka esifisweni esivulekile sikaTheodore Roosevelt sempi entsha ngenxa yempi, ekuzenzekeni komhlaba wonke ngokuthi yonke impi iyisinqumo sokugcina. Lokhu kuzenzisa sekuyinto yonke manje, umphakathi wase-US umane ukuthathe ungatshelwanga ngisho nokutshelwa. Ucwaningo lwesazi muva nje luthole ukuthi umphakathi wase-US ukholelwa ukuthi noma nini lapho uhulumeni wase-US ephakamisa impi, usuvele uqede wonke amanye amathuba. Ngenkathi iqembu lesampula libuzwa ukuthi ngabe bayayisekela yini impi ethile, kwathi iqembu lesibili labuzwa ukuthi bayayisekela yini leyo mpi ngemuva kokutshelwa ukuthi zonke ezinye izindlela azilungile, neqembu lesithathu labuzwa ukuthi ngabe bayayisekela yini leyo mpi yize bekukhona izindlela ezinhle, amaqembu amabili okuqala abhalise izinga elifanayo lokuxhaswa, ngenkathi ukusekelwa kwempi kwehle kakhulu eqenjini lesithathu. Lokhu kuholele abacwaningi esiphethweni sokuthi uma kungakhulunywa ngezinye izindlela, abantu abacabangi ukuthi zikhona — kunalokho, abantu bacabanga ukuthi sezivele zazanywa.[i]
Sekuyiminyaka kube nemizamo emikhulu eWashington, DC, ukuqala impi nge-Iran. Olunye lwengcindezi enkulu selufikile ngo-2007 nango-2015. Ukube leyo mpi yaqalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngokungangabazeki ngabe ichazwe njengesixazululo sokugcina, noma ngabe ukukhetha ukungayiqali leyo mpi kukhethwe kaningi. . Ngo-2013, uMongameli wase-US wasitshela ngesidingo esiphuthumayo "sokugcina" sokuqalisa umkhankaso omkhulu wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eSyria. Ngemuva kwalokho wasibuyisa isinqumo sakhe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuphikisana nomphakathi kuso. Kwavela inketho ye- hhayi ukuqhuma amabhomu eSiriya kwakutholakala futhi.
Cabanga ngomlutha wotshwala obephatha ubusuku ngabunye ukuthi asebenzise inqwaba ye-whisky futhi njalo ekuseni afunge ukuthi ukuphuza iwhisky bekuyindlela yakhe yokugcina, ubengeke abe nokukhetha nhlobo. Kulula ukucabanga, ngokungangabazeki. Umlutha uzohlala uzithethelela, noma kunjalo kufanele kwenziwe. Kepha ake ucabange umhlaba lapho wonke umuntu amkholelwa khona futhi ngesizotha athi komunye nomunye “Empeleni ubengenayo enye indlela. Wayekuzame ngeqiniso konke okunye. ” Akunangqondo kangako, akunjalo? Cishe akucabangeki, empeleni. Futhi-ke:
Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi i-United States impi eSiriya njengendlela yokugcina, nakuba:
- I-United States isichitha iminyaka eminingi isabisa imizamo ye-UN yokuthula eSiriya.[Ii]
- I-United States yaxoshwa isiphakamiso sokuthula saseRussia eSyria ku-2012.[Iii]
- Futhi lapho i-United States ithi umkhankaso wokuqhuma amabhomu wawudingeka ngokushesha "njengesenzo sokugcina" ku-2013 kodwa umphakathi wase-US wawuphikisana ngokungafanele, ezinye izinketho zazisetshenziselwa.
Ngo-2015, amalungu amaningi e-US Congress athi isivumelwano senuzi ne-Iran sidinga ukwaliwa futhi ne-Iran ihlaselwe njengesinqumo sokugcina. Akushiwo lutho ngesithembiso sika-2003 sika-Iran sokuxoxisana nohlelo lwayo lwenuzi, isithembiso esasidelelwe ngokushesha yi-United States.
Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi i-United States ibulala abantu abane-drones njengendlela yokugcina yokugcina, yize kunjalo kuleso simo esincane lapho ama-United States azi khona amagama abantu abahlose kuwo, abaningi (ikakhulukazi nabo bonke) kubo kungenzeka ukuboshwa kalula.[Iv]
Kwakukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi i-United States yabulala u-Osama bin Laden njengesinqumo sokugcina, kuze kube yilapho labo abathintekayo bevuma ukuthi inqubomgomo "yokubulala noma yokubamba" empeleni ayibandakanyi inketho yokubanjwa (nokuthi uboshwe) nokuthi uBin Laden wayengahlomile ngenkathi wabulawa.[V]
Kwakukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi i-United States yahlasela iLibya ngo-2011, yagumbuqela uhulumeni wayo, yaphinde yagqugquzela udlame lwezifunda njengesinqumo sokugcina, yize ngoMashi 2011 i-African Union yayinecebo lokuthula eLibya kodwa yavinjelwa yi-NATO, ngokwakhiwa kwe indawo “engenampukane” nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, ukuhambela eLibya ukuyoxoxa ngakho. Ngo-Ephreli, i-African Union yakwazi ukuxoxa ngohlelo lwayo nomholi waseLibya uMuammar Gaddafi, wazwakalisa nokuvumelana kwakhe.[vi] I-NATO ithole imvume ye-UN yokuvikela amaLibyya asolwa ukuthi ayengozini, kodwa ayengenagunya lokuqhubeka nokuqhubhisa izwe noma ukudiliza uhulumeni.
Cishe noma ngubani osebenzelayo, futhi ufisa ukuqhubeka esebenza, i-US enkulu imithombo yezindaba ithi i-United States ihlasele i-Iraq ku-2003 njengesenzo sokugcina noma uhlobo oluthile, noma into ethize, noma ngabe:
- Umengameli we-US ubelokhu eqoqa izinhlelo ze-cockamamie ukuze kuqalwe impi.[vii]
- Uhulumeni wase-Iraq ubesondele ku-CIA uVincent Cannistraro ngesicelo sokuvumela amasosha ase-US aseshe izwe lonke.[viii]
- Uhulumeni wase-Iraq wanikezela ukhetho lwamazwe ngamazwe phakathi neminyaka emibili.[ix]
- Uhulumeni wase-Iraq wanikezela isikhulu sikaBush uRichard Perle ukuvula izwe lonke ukuhlola, ukuguqula umsolwa kwi-1993 World Trade Center ebhomu, ukusiza ukulwa nobuphekula, nokusiza izinkampani zamafutha ase-US.[X]
- Umongameli wase-Iraq wanikezela, ekulandiseni ukuthi umongameli waseSpain wanikezwa umengameli we-US, ukuba ashiye i-Iraq uma engakwazi ukugcina $ 1 billion.[xi]
- I-United States yayihlale inenketho yokumane nje iqale enye impi.
Iningi lawo wonke umuntu licabanga ukuthi i-United States yahlasela i-Afghanistan ngo-2001 futhi yahlala lapho kusukela lapho njengochungechunge “lwezindawo zokungcebeleka zokugcina,” yize amaTaliban enikela kaninginingi ukuguqula uBin Laden angene ezweni lesithathu ukuze aquliswe icala, i-al Qaeda ibingenalo Ukuba khona okukhulu e-Afghanistan isikhathi esiningi sempi, futhi ukuhoxa kuye kwaba inketho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.[xii]
Abaningi bathi iMelika yaya empini ne-Iraq ngo-1990-1991 “njengecebo lokugcina,” yize uhulumeni wase-Iraq wayezimisele ukuxoxisana ngokuhoxa eKuwait ngaphandle kwempi futhi ekugcineni wanikela ngokuvele avele eKuwait kungakapheli amasonto amathathu ngaphandle kwemibandela. INkosi yaseJordani, uPapa, uMongameli waseFrance, uMongameli weSoviet Union, nabanye abaningi banxenxa ukuthi kuhlalwe ngokuthula, kepha i-White House yagcizelela ukuthi "izothatha isinqumo sokugcina."[xiii]
Ngisho nokubeka eceleni imikhuba evamile ekwandisa ubutha, ukuhlinzeka ngezikhali, nokunika amandla ohulumeni abanobudlova, kanye nezingxoxo ezikhohlisayo ezihloswe ukusiza kunokuba zigweme impi, umlando wezempi yase-US ungenziwa emuva emuva kwamakhulu eminyaka njengendaba yochungechunge olungapheli amathuba okuthula ngokugwema ngokucophelela kuzo zonke izindleko.
UMexico wayezimisele ukuxoxisana nokudayiswa kwesigamu sawo esenyakatho, kodwa i-United States yayifuna ukuyenza ngesenzo sokubulala abantu abaningi. ISpain yayifuna indaba yalokho Maine ukuya embangweni wamazwe omhlaba, kepha i-US yayifuna impi nombuso. ISoviet Union yaphakamisa izingxoxo zokuthula ngaphambi kwempi yaseKorea. I-United States ihlukumeze iziphakamiso zokuthula zeVietnam ezivela eVietnam, eSoviet, naseFrance, bephikelela ngokungagunci "enkambweni yabo yokugcina" nganoma iyiphi enye indlela, kusukela ngosuku okwenzeka ngalo iGulf of Tonkin impi naphezu kokuba ingakaze yenzeke.[xiv]
Uma ubheka ezimpini ezanele, uzothola izehlakalo ezicishe zifane ezisetshenziswe kwesinye isikhathi njengezaba zempi nakwesinye isenzakalo njengezingelona neze uhlobo. UMongameli uGeorge W. Bush uphakamise uNdunankulu wase-UK uTony Blair ukuthi ukudutshulwa ngendiza ye-U2 kungabenza balwe.[xv] Kodwa lapho iSoviet Union ibetha indiza ye-U2, uMongameli uDwight Eisenhower akazange aqale impi.
Yebo, yebo, omunye angaphendula, amakhulu ezimpi zangempela nezingenabo ubulungiswa akuzona izindawo zokungcebeleka zokugcina, noma ngabe abasekeli babo bethi leso simo sazo. Kepha iMpi Yethiyori kungaba yindlela yokugcina. Ngabe kunjalo? Ngabe ngeke ibe khona enye indlela elinganayo ngokuziphatha noma ephakeme? U-Allman noWinright bacaphuna uPapa John Paul II “ngomsebenzi wokwephula lo mcindezeli uma zonke ezinye izindlela zingabonakali zingasebenzi.” Kepha "ukuzivikela" kufana ncamashi "nebhomu noma ukuhlasela"? Sibonile izimpi ziqaliswa okuthiwa zingahlukumeza izikhali, futhi umphumela ube yizikhali eziningi kunanini ngaphambili. Mayelana nani ukuyeka ingalo njengendlela eyodwa yokudambisa? Kuthiwani nge-international embargo yezikhali? Kuthiwani mayelana nokugqugquzelwa kwezomnotho nezinye izinto zokuvimbela?
Kwakungekho mzuzu lapho ukuqhuma ibhomu eRwanda kwakuzoba "isinqumo sokugcina" sokuziphatha. Kwakunomzuzwana lapho kungenzeka ukuthi amaphoyisa ahlomile ayengasiza, noma ukusika isignali yomsakazo esetshenziselwa ukuvusa ukubulawa kwabantu kungasiza. Kwakunezikhathi eziningi lapho abasebenza ngokuthula ababengahlomile babezosiza khona. Kube nesikhathi lapho bekuzosiza khona ukuphendula ngokubulawa kukamengameli. Kwakuneminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kwalokho lapho ukugwema ukuhlomisa nokuxhasa ngezimali ababulali base-Uganda kwakuzosiza.
Izimangalo “zokugcina” zivame ukuba buthakathaka kakhulu uma umuntu ecabanga ukubuyela emuva emuva esikhathini senkinga, kepha kuba buthakathaka kakhulu uma umuntu ecabanga ukubuyela emuva kancane. Abantu abaningi bazama ukuthethelela iMpi Yezwe II kuneMpi Yezwe I, noma ngabe omunye wabo ubengeke kwenzeke ngaphandle komunye noma ngaphandle kwesimungulu sokuwuqeda, okwaholela ababukeli abaningi ngaleso sikhathi ukubikezela iMpi Yezwe II ngokunemba okukhulu . Uma ukuhlasela i-ISIS e-Iraq manje "kuyindlela yokugcina" kungenxa yempi eyakhuphuka ngonyaka we-2003, eyayingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kweMpi YaseGulf eyedlule, eyayingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhloma nokusekela uSaddam Hussein empini ye-Iran ne-Iraq, njalonjalo emuva emakhulwini eminyaka. Impela izimbangela ezingenabulungisa zezinkinga azenzi ukuthi zonke izinqumo ezintsha zingabi nabulungisa, kepha ziphakamisa ukuthi umuntu onombono ongeyona impi eyengeziwe kufanele angenele kumjikelezo owonakalisayo wokuzikhulisa kwesizukulwane senkinga.
Ngisho nasesikhathini senhlekelele, ingabe ngempela kuyisimo esiphuthumayo njengalabo abasekela impi? Ingabe iwashi likhathaza lapha ngaphezu kokuzama ukucabanga kokuhlushwa? U-Allman noWinright basikisela lolu hlu lwezindlela ezingasetshenziswa empini okumele ngabe selusetshenzisiwe ukuze impi ibe yisinqumo sokugcina: "unswinyo oluhlakaniphile, imizamo yezombusazwe, izingxoxo ezivela eceleni, noma isiphetho."[xvi] Yilokho kuphela? Lolu hlu lunohlu oluphelele lwezinye izindlela ezitholakalayo lokho okukhonjiswa yiNational Public Radio okuyi- “All Things Considered” kuzo zonke izinto. Kufanele bayiqambe kabusha “Amaphesenti Amabili Ezinto Abhekiwe.” Kamuva, u-Allman noWinright bacaphuna isimangalo sokuthi ukuketula ohulumeni kunomusa kunokuba "kube" nabo. Le ngxabano, abalobi bathi, izinselelo "zabasekeli bezempi nabanamuhla bezempi ngokufanayo." Ingabe kunjalo? Yikuphi ukukhetha lezo zinhlobo ezimbili okuthiwa zazithanda? "Ukuqukethwe"? Lokho akuyona indlela enokuthula futhi ngokuqinisekile akuyona ukuphela kwempi.
Ukube isizwe empeleni sasihlaselwe futhi sakhetha ukulwa nokuzivikela, sasingeke sibe nesikhathi sokujeziswa kanye nenye yezinye izinketho ezisohlwini. Kwakungeke kuze kube nesikhathi sokuxhaswa kwabafundi kusuka kuma-Just War theorists. Kuzovele kutholakale ukuthi ilwa nayo. Indawo okumele isebenze kuyo i-Just War ithi, ngakho-ke, okungenani ingxenye enkulu, yilezo zimpi ezingavikeleki, lezo zimpi ezenzelwe "ukuzivikela," "ukuvimbela," "ukuvikela," njll.
Isinyathelo sokuqala esisuka ekuzivikeleni empeleni yimpi eyethulwe ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa okuseduze. Abaphathi baka-Obama, eminyakeni yamuva nje, bachaze kabusha “okuseduze” ukusho ukuthi kungenzeka ngelinye ilanga kungenzeka ukuthi bathile. Bese bethi babulala ngamadroni kuphela abantu ababenza “usongo oluseduze futhi oluqhubekayo e-United States.” Vele, ukube bekuseduze ngaphansi kwencazelo ejwayelekile, bekungeke kuqhubeke, ngoba kuzokwenzeka.
Nayi indawo ebucayi evela eMnyangweni Wezobulungiswa "iPhepha Elimhlophe" echaza "okuseduze":
"[T] umbandela wokuthi umholi osebenzayo wethule usongo 'oluseduze' lokuhlaselwa ngodlame olubhekiswe e-United States akudingi ukuthi i-United States ibe nobufakazi obucacile bokuthi ukuhlaselwa okuthile kwabantu base-US kanye nezintshisekelo kuzokwenzeka kungekudala. ”[xvii]
Abaphathi beGeorge W. Bush babona izinto ngendlela efanayo. I-US National Strategy Strategy yango-2002 ithi: “Siyaqaphela ukuthi ukuzivikela kwethu konke kuyicala elihle.”[xviii] Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyiqiniso, njengoba izimpi ezihlaselayo zivuselela inzondo. Kodwa futhi ubuqotho ngokuthembeka.
Lapho nje sikhuluma ngeziphakamiso zempi ezingazivikeli, mayelana nezinkinga lapho umuntu enesikhathi soswidi, ubumbano, kanye ne-ultimatums, omunye unesikhathi sazo zonke izinhlobo zezinye izinto. Amathuba afaka phakathi: ukuzivikela okungenabudlova (okungahlomile) okususelwa emphakathini: ukumemezela inhlangano yokungahambisani nodlame kunoma imuphi umzamo wokuzama ukungena emsebenzini, imibhikisho yomhlaba kanye nemibhikisho, iziphakamiso zokulwa nezikhali, ukumenyezelwa kokulwa nezikhali okuhlangene, isenzo sobungani kubandakanya usizo, ukuthatha ingxabano ekubambisaneni noma enkantolo, ukubiza ikhomishini yeqiniso nokubuyisana, izingxoxo zokubuyisana, ubuholi ngesibonelo ngokujoyina izivumelwano ezibophezelayo noma iNkantolo Yamacala Obugebengu Yomhlaba Wonke noma ngokwenza ngentando yeningi iNhlangano Yezizwe, ubudlelwano bomphakathi, ukusebenzisana kwamasiko, kanye nokungabi nodlame lokudala kokuhlukahluka okungapheli.
Kepha kuthiwani uma sicabanga impi evikela empeleni, kungaba ukuhlasela okwesatshwayo kepha okungenakwenzeka okungenangqondo kwe-United States, noma impi yase-US ebukwa ngakolunye uhlangothi? Ingabe kwakwenzelwe abaseVietnam kuphela ukuzilwela? Ingabe kwakwenzelwe ama-Iraq kuphela ukuthi alwe? Njalonjalo. (Ngisho lokhu ukufaka isimo sokuhlaselwa ezweni langempela lase-United States, hhayi ukuhlaselwa, ngokwesibonelo, amasosha ase-US eSyria. Njengoba ngibhala, uhulumeni wase-United States usongela "ukuvikela" amasosha akhe ISyria kumele uhulumeni waseSyria "abahlasele".)
Impendulo emifushane yalowo mbuzo wukuthi uma umhlukumezi ebengavimbela, akumele kube nokuvikela. Ukuguqula izimpi zase-US ukulungiswa kwemali yezempi yase-US ngokuphambene nesonto kunesiphambeko esikhulu ngisho nakwe-lobbyist K Street.
Impendulo ende kancanyana ukuthi ngokuvamile akuyona indima efanelekile yomuntu ozelwe futhi ohlala e-United States ukweluleka abantu abahlala ngaphansi kwamabhomu ase-US ukuthi kufanele bazame ukumelana nonviolent.
Kepha impendulo eyiyo inzima kakhulu kunenye yalezi. Impendulo iba sobala uma sibheka ukuhlasela kwangaphandle kanye nokuvukelwa / izimpi zombango. Kuningi okwakamuva okufanele kubhekwe kukho, futhi kunezibonelo ezinamandla ngokwengeziwe ongazikhomba kuzo. Kepha injongo yethiyori, kufaka phakathi ithiyori ye-Anti-Just-War, kufanele kube ukusiza ukukhiqiza izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela zemiphumela ephezulu, njengokusebenzisa ukungabi nodlame ekuhlaselweni kwamanye amazwe.
Izifundo ezinjengo-Erica Chenoweth sezisungule ukuthi ukumelana nobudlova ngokungenabudlova kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kuphumelele, futhi impumelelo kungenzeka ihlale isikhathi eside, kunokumelana nodlame.[xix] Ngakho-ke uma sibheka okuthile okufana nenguquko engenabudlova eTunisia e2011, singathola ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindlela eziningi njenganoma isiphi esinye isimo seMpi Efanele, ngaphandle kokuthi bekungeyona impi nhlobo. Umuntu ubengeke abuyele emuva ngesikhathi futhi aphikisane namasu okuthi angaphumeleli kepha abangele ubuhlungu nokufa okuningi. Mhlawumbe ukwenza kanjalo kungahle kube yingxabano ye-Just War. Mhlawumbe kungaphikiswana ngempi yeJust War, ngokwe-anronronist, ukuze "kungenelele" kwe-2011 yase-US ukuletha intando yeningi eTunisia (ngaphandle kokuhluleka okusobala kwe-United States ukwenza into enjalo, kanye nenhlekelele eqinisekisiwe engaba nomphumela). Kepha uma usenze uguquko ngaphandle kokubulala nokufa konke, ngeke kusaba nengqondo ukuphakamisa konke ukubulawa nokufa — hhayi uma kudalelwe imihlangano eyinkulungwane entsha yeGeneva, futhi noma ngabe kunamaphutha empumelelo engenalo udlame.
Naphezu kokuntula okulinganiselwe kwezibonelo kuze kube manje ukuphikisana nokungapheli komsebenzi wangaphandle, kukhona labo asebeqala ukufaka isicelo sokuphumelela. Nakhu uStephen Zunes:
"Ukuphikisana okungekho emthethweni kuye kwaba nenselele ngempumelelo emisebenzini yamazwe angaphandle. Ngesikhathi i-intifada yasePalestina yokuqala kuma-1980s, iningi labantu abahlukumezekile laba yizikhungo ezizimele ngokuzibandakanya okukhulu nokudala ezinye izikhungo, ukuphoqelela u-Israyeli ukuba avumele ukudala iPalestine Authority kanye nokuzibusa komasipala abaningi izindawo zaseWest Bank. Ukuphikiswa okungenasiphambano eNingizimu Western Sahara kuye kwaphoqelela iMorocco ukuba inikeze isiphakamiso sokuzimela-ngenkathi sisalokhu sifinyeleleke esifundweni sikaMorocco sokunikeza iSahrawis ilungelo labo lokuzikhethela-okungenani liyavuma ukuthi insimu ayiyona nje enye ingxenye yaseMorocco.
“Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuhlasela kweJalimane iDenmark neNorway phakathi ne-WWII, amaNazi ayengasakwazi ukulawula abantu. ILithuania, iLatvia, ne-Estonia bazikhulula ekuqothulweni yiSoviet ngokusebenzisa amandla angenabudlova ngaphambi kokuwa kwe-USSR. ELebanon, isizwe esacekelwa phansi yimpi amashumi eminyaka, iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokubuswa kweSyria yaqedwa ngokuvukela okukhulu, okungenabudlova ngo-2005. , hhayi ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu nangezikhali ezenziwa amasosha ase-Ukraine, kodwa lapho izinkulungwane zabasebenza ngensimbi bengahlomile bemashela ngokuthula ezingxenyeni ezihlala abantu ezisenkabeni yedolobha futhi bexosha abahlukanisi abahlomile. ”[xx]
Omunye angase abheke ukuthi angase abe nezibonelo eziningi zokuphikisa amaNazi, futhi ngokumelene namaJalimane nokuhlasela kwamaFrance eRuhr ku-1923, noma mhlawumbe ekuphumeleleni kwesikhathi esisodwa kwePhilippines kanye nokuphumelela okuqhubekayo kwe-Ecuador ekuxosheni izinsizakalo zasezempi zase-US , futhi ngempela isibonelo seGandhian sokuqothula iBrithani ngaphandle kweNdiya. Kodwa izibonelo eziningi kakhulu zokuphumelela okungenasiphelo emnyangweni wezandla zasekhaya zinikeza futhi umhlahlandlela wenzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuba nokuziphatha okulungile, ukuphikisana okungenaluvivinyo ekuhlaselweni kwangempela akumelwe kubonakale sengathi kunempumelelo kunokuphumelela kokuphendula. Kudinga nje ukuvela cishe cishe cishe. Ngoba uma iphumelela izokwenza kanjalo ngokulimala okungaka, futhi impumelelo yayo iyoba yinto engcono yokugcina.
Lapho kungekho kuhlaselwa, ngenkathi kusenziwa izimangalo zokuthi impi kufanele yethulwe "njengecebo lokugcina," izixazululo ezingenalo udlame zidinga ukubonakala zinengqondo. Nakuleso simo, kufanele bazanywe ngaphambi kokuqalisa impi kungabizwa ngokuthi "yisinqumo sokugcina." Kepha ngenxa yokuthi azinamkhawulo ngokuhlukahluka futhi zingazama kaninginingi, ngaphansi komqondo ofanayo, umuntu akasoze afinyelela lapho ukuhlasela elinye izwe kuyisinqumo sokugcina.
Uma ungakufeza lokho, isinqumo sokuziphatha sisazodinga ukuthi izinzuzo ezicatshangelwayo zempi yakho zidlule wonke umonakalo owenziwe ngokugcina isikhungo sempi (bheka isigaba esingenhla esithi “Ukulungiselela Impi Enobulungiswa Ukungabi Nabulungisa Okukhulu Kunanoma Iyiphi Impi” ).
[i] UDavid Swanson, "Ucwaningo Luthola Abantu Bacabanga Ukuthi Impi Iyindawo Yokugcina kuphela," http://davidswanson.org/node/4637
[Ii] UNicolas Davies, Alternet, "Amahlongandlebe Ahlomile Namandla Edlala Amandla AseMpumalanga Ephakathi: Indlela i-US Esiza Ngayo Ukubulala Ukuthula eSyria," http://www.alternet.org/world/armed-rebels-and-middle-eastern-power-plays-how- thina-sisiza-bulala-ukuthula-syria
[Iii] UJulian Borger noBastien Inzaurralde, “INtshonalanga 'yasishaya indiva isithembiso saseRussia ngo-2012 sokuthi i-Assad yaseSyria ihlehle,'” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/15/west-ignored-russian-offer-in -2012-to-have-syrias-assad-step-eceleni
[Iv] Ubufakazi bukaFarea Al-muslimi e-Drone Wars Senate Committee Ukuzwa, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtQ_mMKx3Ck
[V] I-Mirror, "ULeal Seal Rob O'Neill owabulala u-Osama bin Laden uthi i-United States yayingenanhloso yokubamba ubushokobezi," http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/navy-seal-rob-oneill-who- 4612012 Bheka futhi: ABC News, "U-Osama Bin Laden Akahlomile Lapho Ebulawa, I-White House Ithi,"
[vi] The Washington Post, "UGaddafi wamukela ibalazwe lomgwaqo ukuze kube nokuthula okuphakanyiswe abaholi base-Afrika,"
[vii] Bheka http://warisacrime.org/whitehousememo
[viii] UJulian Borger eWashington, uBrian Whitaker noVikram Dodd, I-Guardian, "Izithembiso zikaSaddam zokuqeda impi," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[ix] UJulian Borger eWashington, uBrian Whitaker noVikram Dodd, I-Guardian, "Izithembiso zikaSaddam zokuqeda impi," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[X] UJulian Borger eWashington, uBrian Whitaker noVikram Dodd, I-Guardian, "Izithembiso zikaSaddam zokuqeda impi," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[xi] Imemo yokuhlangana: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bush-Aznar_memo kanye nombiko wezindaba: Jason Webb, Reuters "UBush ubecabanga ukuthi uSaddam ukulungele ukubaleka: umbiko," http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-bush-spain-idUSL2683831120070926
[xii] URory McCarthy, I-Guardian, "Ukunikezwa okusha ku-Bin Laden," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/17/afghanistan.terrorism11
[xiii] UClyde Haberman, New York Times, "UPapa Ulahla Impi YaseGulf ngokuthi 'Ubumnyama',” http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/01/world/pope-denounces-the-gulf-war-as-darkness.html
[xiv] UDavid Swanson, Impi Ngamanga, http://warisalie.org
[xv] I-White House Memo: http://warisacrime.org/whitehousememo
[xvi] UMark J. Allman noTobias L.Winright, Ngemuva kwe-Clears Clears: I-Just War Tradition ne-Post War Justice (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2010) p. I-43.
[xvii] UMnyango Wezobulungisa White Paper, http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdf
[xviii] I-2002 National Security Strategy, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/national/nss-020920.pdf
[xix] U-Erica Chenoweth noMaria J. Stephan, Okwenza Ukuphikiswa Komphakathi Kusebenza: I-Strategic Logic Yokungqubuzana Okungavumi (Columbia University Press, 2012).
[xx] UStephen Zunes, "Ezinye izindlela zempi kusuka ezansi phezulu," http://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/alternatives-to-war-from-the-bottom-up/
