Ibhalwe ngu-Alfred de Zayas, I-Counterpunch, November 16, 2022
Labo bethu ababe nelungelo lokujabulela imfundo ehlelekile yesiLatini banezinkumbulo ezinhle zikaTerentius, uCicero, uHoratius, uVirgilius, u-Ovidius, uSeneca, uTacitus, uJuvenalis, njll., bonke bafeza ama-aphorist.
Ezinye izimiso eziningi zesiLatini zijikeleza - akuzona zonke eziyigugu esintwini. Lezi zehlele kithi zivela kobaba beBandla kanye nezifundiswa zasendulo. Ngosuku oluhle lwe-heraldry, imindeni eminingi yasebukhosini kanye nemindeni yasebukhosini yaqhudelana ngemishwana yesiLatini ehlakaniphile ukuze bagqoke amajazi abo ezikhali, isb. nemo me impune lacessit, isiqubulo sobukhosi bakwaStuart (akekho ongicasulayo ngaphandle kwesijeziso esifanele).
Umlayezo omubi "si vis pacem, para bellum” (uma ufuna ukuthula, lungiselela impi) uza kithi kusukela ekhulwini lesihlanu AD umbhali wesiLatini uPublius Flavius Renatus, indaba yakhe. De re militari ayinasithakazelo ngaphandle kwalesi sisho esikha phezulu nesiphikiswayo. Selokhu abashisekeli bezikhali emhlabeni wonke bekujabulele ukusho lokhu kugomela-mbumbulu kobuhlakani - enjabulweni yabakhiqizi nabathengisi bezikhali basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe.
Ngokuphambene, iHhovisi Lezabasebenzi Lomhlaba Wonke lasungula ngo-1919 umugqa wohlelo onengqondo kakhulu:si vis pacem, cole justitiam, eveza isu eliphusile nelisebenzisekayo: “uma ufuna ukuthula, hlakulela ubulungiswa”. Kodwa i-ILO isho ukuthini ubulungisa? Izivumelwano ze-ILO zibeka ukuthi “ubulungisa” kufanele busho ukuthini, ukuthuthukisa ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, inqubo efanele, ukubusa komthetho. “Ubulungisa” akuwona “umthetho” futhi akuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwezinkantolo nezinkantolo ngezinjongo zokwesabisa izimbangi. Ubulungisa akuwona umqondo wombhoshongo wendlovu, akuwona umyalo waphezulu, kodwa umphumela wokugcina wenqubo yokumiswa okujwayelekile kanye nezindlela zokuqapha ezizokhawulela ukuhlukumeza nokungakhethi.
UCicero ohlonishwayo usinike ukusetshenziswa kabi kabuhlungu: I-enim leges ethule phakathi kwe-arma (kweyakhe UPro Milone pleadings), osekungamakhulu eminyaka acashunwa kabi ngokuthi inter arma silent leges. Umongo kwakuyisicelo sikaCicero ngokumelene udlame lwesixuku olugqugquzelwa yipolitiki, futhi lwalungahloselwe ukuthuthukisa umcabango wokuthi ngezikhathi zokungqubuzana umthetho uvele unyamalale. I-International Committee of the Red Cross inenguqulo eyakhayo “I-Inter arma caritas”: empini, kufanele senze usizo lobuntu, ubumbano nezisulu, isisa.
Ngalo mqondo, uTacitus wenqaba noma yimuphi umqondo “wokuthula” osekelwe ekuthobeni nasekubhujisweni. Kweyakhe I-Agricola uhlekisa ngemikhuba yamabutho aseRoma "i-solitudinem faciunt, isikhalazo se-pacem” – benza incithakalo bese beyibiza ngokuthi ukuthula. Namuhla uTacitus cishe uzogxekwa ngokuthi "umcebisi", i-wimp.
Phakathi kwezaga zesiLatini eziyiziphukuphuku engizaziyo i-Emperor Ferdinand I's (1556-1564) i- petulant “Fiat justitia, et pereat mundus” — makwenziwe ubulungisa, noma umhlaba ubhubha. Ekuqaleni lokhu kugomela kuzwakala kunengqondo. Eqinisweni, kuyisiphakamiso esizikhukhumezayo esihlushwa amaphutha amabili amakhulu. Okokuqala, yini esiyiqondayo ngaphansi komqondo othi “Ubulungisa”? Futhi ubani onqumayo ukuthi isenzo noma ukweqiwa kulungile noma akulungile? Ingabe umbusi kufanele kube nguyena kuphela umxazululi wobulungisa? Lokhu kulindela ukudelela kukaLouis XIV ngokulinganayo “L'Etat, ngiyabonga”. Umbhedo we-Absolutist. Okwesibili, umgomo wokulinganisa usitshela ukuthi kukhona izinto ezibalulekile ekuphileni komuntu. Impela impilo nokusinda kweplanethi kubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma yimuphi umqondo ongaqondakali we "Justice". Kungani ucekela phansi umhlaba egameni lombono ongaguquki “wobulungiswa”?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Fiat justitia” kunikeza umuntu umbono wokuthi ubulungisa ngandlela thize bumiswe uNkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, kodwa buhunyushwa futhi bubekwe ngamandla esikhashana. Kodwa-ke, lokho omunye umuntu angase akubheke njengokuthi “kulungile”, omunye umuntu angase akunqabe njengokubi noma “okungalungile”. Njengoba uTerentius esixwayisile: Quot homines, tot sententiae. Kunemibono eminingi njengoba kunamakhanda, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi ungaqali izimpi ngenxa yomehluko onjalo. Kungcono uvume ukungavumelani.
Izimpi eziningi ziye zalwiwa ngenxa yokungaguquki okusekelwe embonweni ozimele wokuthi ubulungisa busho ukuthini. Ngingaphakamisa isisho sokusikhuthaza ukuthi sisebenzele ubulungiswa: “Fiat justitia ut prospertur mundus” — zama ukwenza ubulungiswa ukuze izwe liphumelele. Noma okungenani “Fiat justitia, ne pereat mundus“, zama ukwenza ubulungiswa ukuze umhlaba wenze hhayi bhubha.
Impi yamanje e-Ukraine ikhombisa kakhulu inketho "pereat mundu“. Sizwa oklebe bepolitiki bekhala “ngokunqoba”, sibabuke bethela amafutha emlilweni. Ngempela, ngokukhula njalo, ukuphakamisa izigxobo, sibonakala sijaha ngokuqaphela ekupheleni kwezwe njengoba siwazi - I-Apocalypse manje. Labo abaphikelela ngokuthi baqinisile futhi isitha asilungile, labo abenqaba ukuhlala phansi futhi baxoxisane ngokuphela kwempi, labo abasengozini yokubhekana nezikhali zenuzi ngokusobala bahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lwempi. taedium vitae – ukukhathala kokuphila. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu.
Phakathi nempi yeminyaka engu-30 ka-1618-1648, amaProthestani ayekholelwa ukuthi ubulungisa babuphezu kwawo. Maye, amaKatolika nawo ayethi asohlangothini olufanele lomlando. Abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-8 bafela ize, futhi ngo-October 1648, ngenxa yokudinwa ukubulawa, amaqembu alwayo asayina iSivumelwano Sokuthula saseWestphalia. Abekho abanqobi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, naphezu kobubi obubi obenzeka empini yeminyaka engu-30, akuzange kube namacala empi ngemva kwalokho, akukho sijeziso ku-1648 Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück. Ngokuphambene, Isigaba 2 sazo zombili izivumelwano sihlinzekela ushwele ojwayelekile. Bekuchithwe igazi eliningi kakhulu. IYurophu yayikudinga ukuphumula, futhi “isijeziso” sashiyelwa kuNkulunkulu: “Kuyoba khona uhlangothi olulodwa kanye nolunye uKushabalaliswa, Ushwele, noma Uxolelo lwaphakade lakho konke okwenziwa … ngendlela, ukuze kungabikho muntu… benza noma yiziphi Izenzo Zobutha, bajabulise noma babangele noma yiziphi Izinkinga komunye nomunye.”
Isifinyezo esifushane, okungcono kakhulu kuseyisiqubulo se-Peace of Westphalia “I-Pax optima rerum”-ukuthula kuyilungelo eliphakeme kakhulu.
