Indiza yokuthutha ye-French Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace Atlas. Umbiko wethu mayelana ne-EU CO2 ekhishwayo uthole ukuthi i-France ikhiqiza kakhulu, sibonga amabutho ayo amakhulu ahlomile kanye nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Ikhredithi: Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace/Olivier Ravenel
By I-Conflict and Environment Observatory, Februwari 23, i-2021
Umkhondo wekhabhoni womkhakha wezempi we-EU ubalulekile - amasosha kanye nezimboni eziwasekelayo kumele zenze okwengeziwe ukubhala ukukhishwa kwazo.
Amasosha avame ukukhululeka ekubikeni esidlangalaleni ukukhishwa kwawo kwesisi esibamba ukushisa (GHG) futhi okwamanje akukho mbiko ohlanganisiwe womphakathi wokukhishwa kwe-GHG emabuthweni kazwelonke e-European Union. Njengabathengi abaphezulu bamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali kwezempi ekunyukeni, ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kanye nezinjongo zokunciphisa okubanzi ezihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwe-GHG kwezempi kuyadingeka. UStuart Parkinson kanye no-Linsey Cottrell bethula umbiko wabo wakamuva, ohlola i-carbon footprint yomkhakha wezempi we-EU.
Isingeniso
Ukubhekana nenkinga yesimo sezulu emhlabeni kudinga izinyathelo zoguquko kuyo yonke imikhakha, okuhlanganisa nezempi. Ngo-Okthoba 2020, i-Conflict and Environment Observatory (CEOBS) kanye neScientists for Global Responsibility (I-SGR) bagunyazwe yi-The Left Group ePhalamende LaseYurophu (GUE/NGL) ukwenza ukuhlaziya okubanzi kwe-carbon footprint yamasosha e-EU, okuhlanganisa kokubili amabutho kazwelonke ahlomile, nezimboni zobuchwepheshe bezempi ezizinze e-EU. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwabheka izinqubomgomo okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yezempi.
I-SGR yayishicilele umbiko mayelana nemithelela yemvelo ye- Amasosha ase-UK umkhakha ngoMeyi 2020, owalinganisela i-carbon footprint yamasosha ase-UK futhi waqhathanisa lokhu nezibalo ezishicilelwe uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-UK. Indlela efanayo naleyo esetshenziselwe umbiko we-SGR yase-UK yasetshenziswa ukuze kulinganiswe i-carbon footprint yezempi ye-EU.
Ukulinganisa i-carbon footprint
Ukulinganisa i-carbon footprint, idatha etholakalayo isetshenziswe kokubili emithonjeni kahulumeni neyemboni evela emazweni ayisithupha amakhulu e-EU mayelana nezindleko zezempi, kanye ne-EU iyonke. Ngakho-ke umbiko ugxile eFrance, eJalimane, e-Italy, eNetherlands, ePoland naseSpain. Umbiko uphinde wabuyekeza izinqubomgomo nezinyathelo ezilandelwayo njengamanje zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-GHG yezempi e-EU, kanye nokusebenza kwazo okungenzeka.
Kusukela kudatha etholakalayo, i-carbon footprint yezindleko zezempi ze-EU ngo-2019 ilinganiselwa cishe ezigidini ezingama-24.8 tCO2e.1 Lokhu kulingana ne-CO yonyaka2 ukukhishwa kwesilinganiso sezimoto ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-14 kodwa kuthathwa njengesilinganiso esilandelanayo, uma kubhekwa izinkinga eziningi zekhwalithi yedatha esizikhombile. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon footprint yezindleko zezempi zase-UK ngo-2018 ezazilinganiselwa ku-11 million tCO.2e ekuqaleni Umbiko we-SGR.
Ngokusebenzisa imali ephezulu kakhulu kwezempi e-EU,2 I-France itholwe inikela cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yengqikithi ye-carbon footprint yamasosha e-EU. Ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe bezempi ezisebenza e-EU ezahlolwa, i-PGZ (ezinze e-Poland), i-Airbus, i-Leonardo, i-Rheinmetall, ne-Thales yahlulelwa ukuthi ine-GHG ephezulu kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlangano zobuchwepheshe bezempi azizange zishicilele esidlangalaleni idatha yokukhishwa kwe-GHG, okuhlanganisa i-MBDA, i-Hensoldt, i-KMW, ne-Nexer.
Ukungafihli kanye nokubika
Wonke Amazwe Angamalungu e-EU ayingxenye yeNgqungquthela Ye-UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), lapho ebophekile khona ukushicilela uhlu lwaminyaka yonke lwe-GHG ekhishwayo. Ukuphepha kuzwelonke kwakuvame ukushiwo njengesizathu sokungafaki sandla ngemininingwane ekhishwa yizempi ku-UNFCCC. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa izinga lamanje ledatha yezobuchwepheshe, yezezimali neyemvelo kakade etholakala esidlangalaleni, lokhu kuyimpikiswano engagculisi, ikakhulukazi njengoba amazwe amaningana e-EU asevele eshicilela inani elibalulekile ledatha yezempi.
| Izwe le-EU | Ukukhishwa kwe-GHG yezempi (kubikiwe)a I-MtCO2e |
I-Carbon footprint (ilinganiselwe)b I-MtCO2e |
|---|---|---|
| France | Akubikiwe | 8.38 |
| Germany | 0.75 | 4.53 |
| Italy | 0.34 | 2.13 |
| Netherlands | 0.15 | 1.25 |
| Poland | Akubikiwe | Idatha enganele |
| Spain | 0.45 | 2.79 |
| Isamba se-EU (izizwe ezingama-27) | 4.52 | 24.83 |
| a. Izibalo zika-2018 njengoba zibikwe ku-UNFCCC. b. Izibalo zika-2019 njengoba zilinganiselwe umbiko we-CEOBS/SGR. |
Njengamanje kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokuphenya kanye nokweseka isinyathelo sokwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhabhoni kwezempi, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe ezisungulwe yi-European Defence Agency kanye ne-NATO. Isibonelo, i-European External Action Service (EEAS) ishicilele i-Climate Change kanye ne-Defence Roadmap ku November 2020, ebeka izinyathelo zesikhathi esifushane, esimaphakathi kanye nezesikhathi eside zokubhekana nalezi zinkinga, okuhlanganisa nokwenza ngcono ukonga kwamandla. Kodwa-ke, kusalokhu kunzima ukukala ukusebenza kahle kwazo ngaphandle kombiko ogcwele we-GHG okhona noma oshicilelwe. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ayikho kulezi zinyathelo ezithatha izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zezakhiwo zamasosha njengendlela yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ngakho-ke, amandla ayageja, ngokwesibonelo, ezivumelwaneni zokuhoxiswa kwezikhali ukuze zisize ukubhekana nokungcola ngokunciphisa ukuthengwa, ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zempi.
Emazweni angama-27 angamalungu e-EU, angama-21 nawo angamalungu e-NATO.3 UNobhala-Jikelele we-NATO usivumile isidingo sokuthi i-NATO kanye namabutho ahlomile babambe iqhaza ekufinyeleleni ukukhishwa kwe-net zero carbon ngo-2050 enkulumweni yakhe. September 2020. Kodwa-ke, ingcindezi yokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezempi ukuze kufinyelele imigomo ye-NATO kungenzeka idicilele phansi le nhloso. Impela, izinga eliphansi lezinto ezikhishwayo ezibikwayo kulo mkhakha lisho ukuthi akekho owaziyo ukuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yezempi kuyehla noma cha. Isinyathelo esibalulekile siwukuba amazwe angamalungu abale imilobo yekhabhoni yezempi yawo bese ebika lezi zibalo. Okunzima kakhulu kuzoba ukunxenxa wonke amalungu ukuthi enze izenzo ezifanayo zokunciphisa isimo sezulu kanye nokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni lapho izinqubomgomo zesimo sezulu zingabekwa eqhulwini ngokulinganayo ezizweni zonke.
Kudingeka isenzo
Umbiko we-CEOBS/SGR uhlonze inani lezenzo ezibalulekile. Ikakhulukazi, saphikisana ngokuthi ukubuyekezwa okuphuthumayo kufanele kwenziwe ngamasu okuvikela kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe ukuze kuhlolwe amandla okunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwamasosha ahlomile - futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-GHG ngezindlela ezingakacatshangelwa ngokujulile ohulumeni base-EU (noma kwenye indawo. ). Ukubuyekeza okunjalo kufanele kufake ukugxila okuqinile ezinhlosweni 'zokuvikeleka kwabantu' - ikakhulukazi sikhumbula, isibonelo, ukuthi ukunganakwa kwakamuva kwezempilo kanye nemvelo kuholele ezindlekweni ezinkulu emphakathini njengoba uzabalaza ukubhekana nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 futhi isimo esiphuthumayo sezulu.
Siphinde saphikisana ngokuthi wonke amazwe e-EU kufanele ashicilele idatha kazwelonke mayelana nokukhipha i-GHG kwezempi yawo kanye nezimboni zobuchwepheshe bezempi njengomkhuba ojwayelekile, futhi ukubika kufanele kube obala, okungaguquki futhi kuqhathanise. Okuhlosiwe okudingayo kufanele futhi kubekelwe ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwe-GHG yezempi - ngokuhambisana ne-1.5oIzinga C elicaciswe ngaphakathi kweSivumelwano saseParis. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise okuhlosiwe okuhloswe ukushintshela kumandla avuselelekayo avela kumagridi kazwelonke kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezintweni ezivuselelekayo endaweni, kanye nemigomo ethile yokunciphisa imboni yezobuchwepheshe bezempi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyathelo akufanele zisetshenziswe njengendlela yokugwema izinguquko ezinkambisweni zokuphepha nezempi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kubhekwa ukuthi amabutho ahlomile e-EU angabanikazi bomhlaba abakhulu kunabo bonke eYurophu, umhlaba ophethwe amasosha kufanele futhi ulawulwe kangcono ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudliwa kwekhabhoni kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla esizeni avuselelekayo lapho kufanele khona.
Ngemikhankaso yokuthi #BuildBackBetter kulandela ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, kufanele kube nengcindezi enkulu kakhulu kwamasosha ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi imisebenzi yawo ihambisana nezinjongo zesimo sezulu ze-UN kanye nezinhloso zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ungafunda umbiko ophelele lapha.
UStuart Parkinson unguMqondisi Omkhulu we-SGR kanti uLinsey Cottrell uyiSikhulu Senqubomgomo Yezemvelo kwa-CEOBS. Siyabonga ku GUE/NGL ngubani owagunyaza umbiko.
