Izandla Ezinegazi LeCanada-Israel Drone Warfare Relationship

nguMathewu Behrens, I-Rabble, May 28, 2021

Kwesinye sezigcawu ezikhathaza kakhulu amathumbu kusukela emashumini eminyaka ehlaselwa ngabakwa-Israyeli behlasela iGaza, bekunezingane ezine ezidlala olwandle wabulawa ngo-2014 ngesiteleka sedrone sakwa-Israyeli. NgoDisemba odlule, eCanada buthule uthenge kusuka kumkhiqizi wempi wakwa-Israeli u-Elbit Systems ingu-dollar engama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-36, uhlobo olulandelayo lwama-drones athinteka kulokho kubulala.

IHermes 900 drone ethengwa yiCanada inguqulo enkulu futhi ethuthuke kakhulu yeHermes 450, ukuhlaselwa okwenziwa emoyeni kanye nedrone yokubhekwa eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu yibutho lakwa-Israyeli ukukhomba ngamabomu izakhamizi eGaza ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa u-Israyeli ngo-2008-2009, ngokusho I-Human Rights Watch. Ama-drones anjalo akwa-Israyeli abelokhu esetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo eGaza, womabili ehlola abantu abangaphansi abese ebaqhuma ngamabhomu kusukela lapho.

Kube nokugxila okwandayo ebudlelwaneni obukhulayo baseCanada nemboni yezimpi zakwa-Israyeli ngenyanga edlule, njengombutho wezempi wakwa-Israyeli - okuyiNombolo 20 kule Inkomba Yomlilo Yomhlaba Wonke futhi iphethe okungenani izikhali zenuzi ezingama-90 - iGaza elicolisisiwe elinosuku olungapheli lwe-11 ukwesatshiswa kwamabhomu lokho kukhombe izikhungo zezokwelapha, izikole, imigwaqo, izakhiwo zezindlu, kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi.

I-Elbit Systems Hermes drone eyathengwa yiCanada yakhangiswa kabanzi njenge “mpi efakazelwe” kubantu basePalestine eGaza ngo-2014, lapho Amaphesenti angama-37 wabalimala basePalestine zixhunyaniswe neziteleka ze-drone. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Amnesty International ulahlwe Amabutho akwa-Israyeli okwenziwe ngamacala empi kulokho okwakuyimpi yabo yesithathu yamasosha abhekene neGaza esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha. U-Amnesty uphinde wabiza iHamas ngemisebenzi abathi nayo ibandakanya ubugebengu bezempi.

AmaPalestine asebenze isikhathi eside njengezinjongo zabantu ekuhlolweni okubulalayo kwemishini yempi yakwa-Israyeli. Njengenhloko yesigaba sombutho wamasosha akwa-Israyeli "wezobuchwepheshe kanye nempahla" u-Avner Benzaken utshele Isibuko ngemuva nje kokubulawa kwabantu basePalestine abangu-2,100 2014 ngo-XNUMX:

“Uma ngenza umkhiqizo futhi ngifuna ukuwuhlola emkhakheni, kufanele ngihambe amakhilomitha amahlanu noma ayishumi ukusuka esikhungweni sami futhi ngiyakwazi ukubheka futhi ngibone ukuthi kwenzekani ngemishini. Ngithola impendulo, ngakho-ke yenza inqubo yentuthuko isheshe futhi isebenze kahle kakhulu. ”

AmaCanada Wezobulungiswa Nokuthula eMiddle East bebelokhu benxusa uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha kanye nePhalamende Lombuso u-Omar Alghabra ukuthi asule inkontileka ye-Elbit, befuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani iCanada izonothisa umugqa wenkampani ecace bha ekubulaweni kwabantu basePalestine nasekubhujisweni kweGaza.

I-Elbit Systems ingomunye wabakhiqizi bempi abakhulu bakwa-Israyeli, kepha ingcebo yayo yezezimali ibingaphansi kwemali ethe xaxa muva nje, ne-CEO uBezhalel Machlis bekhala iqiniso lokuthi “u-Elbit usahlushwa ubhadane lwe-COVID-19 ngoba ayikho imibukiso yomoya ekhombisa imishini yalo.”

Amashidi ebhalansi kungenzeka athuthuke, kepha, njengoba kunikezwe ukuboniswa kwakamuva kwamandla abo okulwa nomlilo kubantu baseGaza. Ngempela, I-Forbes Magazine is vele uhlola iqhaza elibanjwe izinhlelo ezintsha zezikhali ekuhlaselweni njengoba abatshalizimali befuna ukubheja okuhle okuhle kokuzuza empini; izilinganiso zakuqala ziveza ukwanda kwamaphesenti angama-50 kuye kwayi-100 ekuqhunyisweni kwamabhomu kwa-Israyeli ngesikhathi sokubulawa kuka-2014.

Izilawuli zomngcele we-Elbit

Njengezimboni eziningi zempi, i-Elbit nayo igxile ku- ukubhekwa kanye “nokuvikeleka emngceleni,” nezivumelwano zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-171 zokunikeza izikhulu zase-US imishini yokuvikela ababaleki ukuthi beqe umngcele neMexico, kanye nenkontileka yokucwaswa kwabokufika e-Europe engama- $ 68-million yokuvimbela ababaleki ukuba bawele iMedithera.

Ngokugxekayo, i-Elbit inikeza ingqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe ukuqapha udonga lomngcele wakwa-Israyeli. Ngo-2004, iNkantolo Yomhlaba Yezobulungiswa okutholiwe udonga alukho emthethweni, ludinga ukuthi ludilizwe, nokuthi abasePalestine abanemizi namabhizinisi abo kwebiwe ngoba besendleleni yodonga ukuze banxeshezelwe ngendlela efanele. Udonga, kunjalo, luhlala lumile.

Ngenkathi uhulumeni waseTrudeau ezithinta njengesibani sokuhlonipha umthetho wamazwe omhlaba namalungelo abantu, ukuthengwa kwe-Elbit drone ngokuqinisekile akubukeki kahle. Futhi iqiniso ukuthi e2019, i-Israel ibingumamukeli ophezulu ongeyena waseMelika wezimvume zokuthumela ngaphandle izikhali ezivela eGlobal Affairs Canada, nge Ukugunyazwa okungu-401 kubuchwepheshe bezempi obufinyelela cishe ku- $ 13.7 wezigidi.

Kusukela uTrudeau wakhethwa e2015, ngaphezulu $ 57 million ezimpini zaseCanada ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zilethwe kwa-Israel, kufaka phakathi amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-16 ezingxenyeni zamabhomu. Ngo-2011, iPalestine Boycott, iDivestment, Sanctions National Committee kubizwe ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali ku-Israyeli okufana nalokho okwabekelwa iNingizimu Afrika yobandlululo.

Mhlawumbe ukususa iphunga lecala lempi le-drone, ukuthengwa kwe-Elbit isikhali sangoDisemba nyakenye kwashaywa ngemibono yokukhanyisa okusiza abantu, ezomnotho eziluhlaza, futhi, mhlawumbe ngokukhathala okukhulu, ukuhlonipha ubukhosi Bomdabu. U-Anita Anand, ungqongqoshe wezemisebenzi yomphakathi nokuthengwa kwempahla, bese kuba ngungqongqoshe wezokuthutha uMarc Garneau umemezele isivumelwano njengethuba “lokugcina amanzi aseCanada ephephile, nokuqapha ukungcola.”

Njengokungathi lokhu akukuhle ngokwanele, ukukhishwa kuphinde kwaveza ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthengwa, “iTrans Canada iyazibandakanya namaqembu aboMdabu eNyakatho yeCanada,” yize kungacaci (uma kubalwa ukwehluleka kweCanada ukuzibandakanya ngokuphelele nenqubomgomo yamahhala , ngaphambili, nemvume enolwazi) ukuthi ngubani othathe umlayezo wefoni othi iCanada izobe indiza i-drone ezindaweni ezibiwe nasemanzini. Kwakungekho neze indida encane yokuthi umbuso wamakoloni owahlala kwamanye amazwe uthenga ama-drones ukuqapha izindawo ezebiwe namanzi kusuka kwesinye isimo samakholoni esihlala kwamanye amazwe esisebenzisa ama-drones afanayo ukuhlola nokuqhumisa abantu ababoshiwe abantshontshwa umhlaba namanzi abo.

Ikhansela ukuthengwa kwe-drone

Ukuthula kukaNgqongqoshe u-Alghabra ngalolu daba akumangazi, ngenxa yokuvuma kwakhe okusobala ekwamukeleni imali eyi-15 billion yaseCanada isivumelwano sezikhali OkweSaudi Arabia nokwenqaba ukujoyina amalungu ePhalamende angama-24 eLiberal kanye ne-NDP kanye nama-senator ngokuhlanganyela esibizwa eCanada ukubeka unswinyo ku-Israyeli ngencwadi emangalisayo kaMeyi 20 eya kuTrudeau. Ngempela, phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-11 zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwa-Israyeli, u-Alghabra uvimbe ukudla kwakhe kwe-Twitter ezitatimendeni ezimayelana namajakethi empilo, ukuphepha kojantshi, kanye ne-anodyne cheerleading ngenombolo yokugoma ubhadane.

Ngenkathi iPhalamende elizishaya isifuba ngalo ukuhlinzeka "Abamelene nezwi eliqinile ezindabeni zasekhaya nezikazwelonke" bayazifihla, kufanele kube nzima kakhulu ku-Alghabra ukunganaki iqiniso lokuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-10,000 XNUMX umthumelele i-imeyili ukuphikisana nokuthengwa kwe-drone.

Kungaba yisikhathi nje ngaphambi kokuthi u-Ottawa aphoqeleke ukuthi aphendule. Ingcindezi yomphakathi ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuqhelaneni nasekuhlukanisweni kwe-Elbit Systems isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi. Ngo-2009, Isikhwama Sempesheni YaseNorway wathi ukuba namasheya ku-Elbit Systems "kubeka ubungozi obungamukeleki bokunikela ekwephulweni okunamandla kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha eziyisisekelo ngenxa yokubandakanyeka okuhlangene kwenkampani ekwakhiweni kuka-Israyeli umgoqo wokwehlukanisa endaweni ehlala abantu" eWest Bank. Ngemuva kwalokho uNgqongqoshe wezeziMali waseNorway uKristin Halvorsen limenyezelwe, "Asifisi ukuxhasa izinkampani ezinikela ngqo ekuphulweni komthetho wamazwe omhlaba wosizo."

Ekupheleni konyaka we-2018, i-HSBC enkulu kakhulu yasebhange Kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ihlukane ngokuphelele ne-Elbit Systems ngemuva konyaka wokukhankasa. Lokhu kulandele i- ukwehlukaniswa okufanayo evela kuBarclays kanye nabaphathi be-AXA Investment, abaphikisana nokukhiqizwa kwenkampani kwamabhomu eqoqo kanye ne-phosphorus emhlophe futhi kwakhipha nenqwaba yamasheya ayo. NgoFebhuwari 2021, i- Isikhwama Sempesheni se-East Sussex nayo yazihlukanisa.

Okwamanje, a isikhalazo ukuze i-EU iyeke ukuthenga noma ukuqashisa ama-drones akwa-Israyeli iyaqhubeka nokukhula; Abahleli base-Australia nabo bazama ukuqeda uhulumeni Ukubambisana nge-Elbit Systems; nezishoshovu zamalungelo okufuduka zaseMelika nazo ephikisanayo iqhaza lezinkampani ezinjenge-Elbit ekuqhubekeni kokulwa komngcele.

IPalestine Solidarity Network Aotearoa ibika ukuthi yize iNew Zealand Superfund yadabula amasheya ayo e-Elbit ngo-2012, amasosha ayaqhubeka nokuthenga impahla yempi enkampanini yakwa-Israel. Ngokuphawulekile, amasosha ase-Australia nawo banquma ngendlela engenazimiso kakhulu yokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokulawulwa kwempi olwenziwe ngu-Elbit ngoba nje bezwa ukuthi inkampani ikhokhisa kakhulu.

Ukwenza okuqondile ezinkampanini ezingaphansi kuka-Elbit bekuyisikhathi eside kugxilwe kubakhankasi base-UK, abathi vala shaqa usuku lonke imboni yase-UK Elbit ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, okuyingxenye yomkhankaso weminyaka eminingi wobumbano nabantu baseGaza. Amalungu e-Palestine Action ezinze e-UK abefafaze upende obomvu okhombisa igazi enkampanini yakwa-Elbit yase-UK nawo abekhona waboshwa ekuqaleni konyaka ngaphansi komthetho wase-UK wokulwa nobuphekula, ngokugasela okwenziwe emakhaya e-arrestees.

Izenzo zisebenze ngempumelelo kangangoba owayengungqongqoshe wezindaba zamasu kwa-Israyeli u-Orit Farkash-Hacohen kubikiwe utshele uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseBrithani uDominic Raab ukuthi ukhathazekile ngokuthi ngabe amafemu akwa-Israyeli afana ne-Elbit azokwazi yini ukuqhubeka nokwenza ibhizinisi e-UK uma ebhekene nalolu hlobo lokuphikiswa okungenabudlova.

Imboni yaseCanada uqobo enegazi

Ukube uNgqongqoshe u-Alghabra ubengathola umgogodla futhi asule inkontileka yakwa-Israeli Elbit, akungabazeki ukuthi uzozama ukuyiguqula ibe isimemezelo "sezindaba ezinhle embonini yaseCanada" ngoba kunamafemu amaningi kuleli lizwe asevele enebhizinisi lempi elibhodlayo.

Ngenkathi inkampani engaphansi kuka-Elbit yaseCanada, iGeoSpectrum Technologies, isebenza ngokusobala ezintweni zempi yedrone evela emahhovisi ayo eDartmouth, eNova Scotia, umholi wesikhathi eside wempi yempi yaseCanada yempi yaseBurlington, i-L-3 Wescam yase-Ontario (imikhiqizo yayo ye-drone ebilokhu ifakwa njalo kukhomishini yamacala empi, njengoba kubhalwe ngu Amakhaya hhayi Amabhomu futhi, muva nje, ngu Ama-Plowshares eProjekthi).

Ngasikhathi sinye, i-L-3 Wescam ibuye ibe ngumdlali ophambili emzamweni owaziwa ngokuhlanganyela waseCanada nowakwa-Israel wokuthola imivuzo efinyelela ku- $ 5 billion ekuthengeni i-drone ehlomile ehlelelwe umnyango wezempi waseCanada. "Iqembu lika-Arthemisi”Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kweL3 MAS (inkampani engaphansi kukaMirabel yeL3Harris Technologies, nayo ephethe abakhiqizi bemishini ebhekele i-drone i-L-3 Wescam) ne-Israel Aerospace Industries.

Kuphakamisa lokho abakubiza ngokuthi inguqulo yaseCanada ye-Israeli Heron TP drone. UHeron wabona ukusetshenziswa okuphawulekayo phakathi I-Operation Cast Lead ngokumelene neGaza ngo-2008-2009, elinye iqembu lamacala empi aholela ekubulaweni kwabantu basePalestine abangaphezu kwe-1,400. ICanada kamuva iqashisiwe ama-drones "afakazelwe ukulwa" okusetshenziswa e-Afghanistan ngo-2009.

Ngokuya ngephrofayili ye-drones ehlongozwayo ku Ukubuyekezwa Kwezokuvikela KwaseCanada, Amasosha aseCanada e-Afghanistan ayenomdlandla ngama-drones, no-MGen (Ret'd) uCharles “Duff” Sullivan egigiyela: “Ukusetshenziswa kweHeron eCanada endaweni yaseshashalazini kwanikeza ulwazi olubalulekile nezifundo ezifundiwe,” kanye noMGen (Ret'd) Christian UDrouin ushayela ihlombe “iHeron [njenge] mpahla ebalulekile ku-arsenal yami.”

Ama-drones anjalo aziwa njengokuqina okuphakathi kokuphakama okude (MALE), enye futhi emugqeni ongapheli wokuvuma ngekhanda iqiniso lokuthi iningi lojenene lihlukunyezwa kakhulu umona wemicibisholo futhi cishe yonke into yezempi inegama elibonisa ubuhlalu besilisa obujulile.

Isiphakamiso seCanada-Israeli Team Artemis sibheka ukusetshenziswa kwezinjini zamahhashi ze-1,200 ezenziwe nge-Canada shaft Pratt & Whitney Turbo-Prop PT6 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi indize ngaphezulu kwamahora angama-36 ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingafika kumamitha angama-45,000. Iphinde ithembise "ukusebenzisana" namanye amabutho empi, ngamandla "okuhlukanisa" lapho kudingeka khona "izinhlelo zezindiza ezivela ezinhlelweni zezobunhloli nezikhali."

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ama-drones azodlala indima enkulu ekuhloleni, iThimba u-Artemis lithembisa ukuthi ukuhlangana kwalo kwezobunhloli kuzokwabiwa kuphela phakathi kwe-Five Eyes Alliance (Canada, US, UK, New Zealand ne-Australia).

Isiphakamiso se-drone sase-Canada esiboniswe ngemishini

Ngenkathi iCanada ikhala ngokusetshenziswa kwama-drones ngezinhloso zomphakathi, le drone iza ilungiselelwe nge "rack ejwayelekile ye-NATO BRU ekwazi ukuphatha imithwalo ekhokhelwa kaningi," isichasiso sedokodo eliphethe amakhilogremu afinyelela ku-2,200 XNUMX wamabhomu.

Kubucayi maqondana nendima yokuhlolwa kwama-Israyeli kumaPalestina, Ukubuyekezwa Kwezokuvikela KwaseCanada iqinisekisa abathengi abangaba khona ukuthi “ipulatifomu ka-Artemis 'Heron TP iqinisekisiwe ngemishini. I-Israeli Air Force (IAF) ihambise iHeron TP UAV amashumi ezinkulungwane zamahora kusukela ngo-2010 futhi ibisetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zokulwa. ” Ibeka kahle amagama abantu basePalestine abebeyizisulu zemishini yayo.

Njengokungathi leso siqinisekiso besinganele, umphathi we-Israeli Aerospace Industries u-Moshe Levi uyaphawula:

“ITeam Artemis inikeza iCanada [drone] evuthiwe, engeyona ingozi equkethe ubuchwepheshe besimanje; kwakhiwe phezu kwamagugu nokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kwawo wonke amakhasimende kaHeron TP, kufaka phakathi [ne-Israeli Air Force]. ”

Abantu beTeam Artemis bayabona futhi ukuthi, ngaphezu kwesembozo sobudlelwano bomphakathi esidlangalaleni sama-drones asetshenziselwa ukuthola imililo yehlathi, bazosiza futhi amasosha aseCanada “anikeze ukuphepha okuthuthukile ezingqungqutheleni zamanye amazwe nakweminye imicimbi ekhethekile yezokuphepha, nokusiza abomthetho ukusebenza njengoba kudingeka. ”

Ngamanye amagama, ama-drones ahamba phezu kwemibhikisho ye-Black Lives Matter e-US ehlobo eledlule azofakwa ngokufanayo ngokumelene nabaphikisi ezweni elaziwa njengeCanada, futhi ngokungangabazeki kuzobaluleka kakhulu ezindaweni “ezikude” lapho abavikeli bomhlaba nabamanzi bezama ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo kwezindawo zabo zobukhosi.

Uma iTeam Artemis iwina ibhidi, ama-drones azoqoqwa yi-MAS esikhungweni sabo iMirabel, esisebenze amashumi amathathu eminyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhomu aseCanada CF-18 asesimweni seminti futhi kuze kube semsebenzini wokuwisa amabhomu.

Njenge-CTV kubika ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, iCanada izobe ifuna amabhidi asemthethweni ezimpi ze-drone kulokhu kuwa, ngezinhlelo zokusungula isikhungo sokuqeqesha izimpi ze-drone e-Ottawa. Kube nezingxoxo ezimbalwa zomphakathi ngalesi siphakamiso, esingabona iCanada iba ngumdlali eqenjini elikhulayo lamazwe asebenzisa ama-drones ukuthi ahlanganyele ekubulaweni okuhlosiwe, ahambise imicibisholo yesihogo somlilo, futhi ahlinzeke ngokuqapha izindawo zemingcele, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi.

I-CTV ingeziwe:

“Uhulumeni namasosha bathi indiza engagadiwe izosetshenziselwa ukuqapha kanye nokuqoqa ubuhlakani kanjalo nokuletha iziteleka ezikhomba emoyeni emabuthweni ezitha ezindaweni lapho kuvunyelwe khona ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Uhulumeni uphinde wathi okuncane maqondana nezimo lapho amandla angasetshenziswa khona, kufaka phakathi ukuthi angasetshenziswa yini ekubulaweni kwabantu. Izikhulu ziphakamise ukuthi zizosetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo nezikhali ezivamile ezifana nezindiza zempi nezikhali. ”

Cha kuma-drones ezempi, isikhathi

Ukuthula buthule ngalesi sikhathi kungukukhashelwa kwalabo ukuchitheka kwegazi kwabo kukhiqizwa yila ma-drones, iningi labo elihlala eGaza iningi labo okuyizingane. Ngesonto eledlule, uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-António Guterres umemezele: "Uma kukhona isihogo emhlabeni, yimpilo yezingane eGaza."

UGuterres futhi:

“[P] uveze isithombe esibuhlungu ngengqalasizinda yomphakathi eyonakele eGaza, ukuvalwa kokuwela, ukushoda kukagesi okuthinta ukuhlinzekwa ngamanzi, amakhulu amabhilidi namakhaya abhujisiwe, izibhedlela zikhubazekile nezinkulungwane zabantu basePalestine bengenamakhaya. 'Impi… iphoqe abantu abangaphezu kuka-50,000 XNUMX ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo bayofuna indawo yokukhosela e-UNRWA (isikhungo se-UN sokusiza ababaleki basePalestine) ezikoleni, emasontweni, nakwezinye izindawo ezingenawo amanzi, ukudla, inhlanzeko noma izinsizakalo zezempilo.' ”

Njengoba abantu baseGaza bebheka impi yokulwa nempi yakamuva futhi bekhathazekile ngomzuliswano olandelayo wokuhlaselwa - lokho amasosha akwa-Israyeli akubiza ngokuthi "ukugunda utshani" - abantu kuleli bangafuna ukuthi kuphele konke ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali zaseCanada kwa-Israyeli, kugcizelela ngokukhanselwa kokuthengwa kwe-drone kwe-Elbit Systems, futhi kwavala noma yikuphi ukucatshangelwa kokwakha ibutho le-drone elihlomile lamasosha aseCanada.

Ngaphambi kosuku lokusebenza lukazwelonke oluhlelwe yi-Homes not Bombs, labo abaphikisana nokuthengwa kwe-drone yakwa-Israeli Elbit bangenza i-imeyili ngokusebenziseka kalula ithuluzi le-intanethi inikezwe abaseCanada for Peace and Justice eMiddle East.

UMatthew Behrens ungumbhali ozimele futhi ummeli wezobulungiswa kwezenhlalo oxhumanisa inethiwekhi yesenzo esiqondile iHomes not Bombs. Usebenze ngokubambisana nezinhloso ze-Canada kanye ne-US "ukuphepha kwezwe" ukuphrinta iminyaka eminingi.

Isithombe sesikweletu: UMatthieu Sontag / Wikimedia Commons. ilayisensi CC-BY-SA.