Inothi Lomhleli: Uma iCongress yagcina ngaleli Republican ngo-1928, singakhumbula ukuthi iSenate yaseRiphabhulikhi yango-1928. kuvunyelwe isivumelwano esivala zonke izimpi, esisesezincwadini.
Ngo-Lawrence S. Wittner
Manje njengoba i-Republican Party―izwi elilandelanayo kwezombusazwe zokhetho zase-US ezijwayelekile― selithole ukulawula okuphelele kweCongress elikujabulele kusukela ngo-1928, yisikhathi esifanele sokubheka kahle ukonga kwemvelo kwesimanje.
Ama-Conservatives enze izinsiza eziwusizo kubantu baseMelika phakathi nomlando wase-US. U-Alexander Hamilton ubeke isikweletu sezwe ngokwezimali ngendlela eqinile ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Sizimisele ukwenza ulwazi lutholakale kubo bonke abantu baseMelika, Andrew Carnegie ixhase ngezimali ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwamahhala lomtapo wolwazi wase-US ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye nasekuqaleni lamashumi amabili. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX. Elihu Umsuka kanye namanye ama-Conservatives adlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Futhi, phakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili. Robert Taft walugxeka ngokuqinile uhlaka lwezempi lwesikhathi sokuthula, ethi luphule umbuso wobushiqela.
Kodwa, ngokwandayo, i-conservatism yesimanje yaseMelika ifana nebhola elikhulu elicekela phansi, elinikezwa amandla amademegogue anenzondo ukucekela phansi noma ukucekela phansi izikhungo osekunesikhathi eside zaziswa, Ihhovisi leposi lase-US (yasungulwa nguBenjamin Franklin ngo-1775 futhi yafakwa kuMthethosisekelo wase-US) ukuze imithetho yamaholo amancane (eyaqala ukuvela ezingeni likahulumeni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili). Ngokudabukisayo, inkulumo-ze yesimanje ye-conservatism-egxile kuhulumeni omncane, amabhizinisi amahhala, kanye nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye-ibonakala ihlukanisiwe kakhulu nokuziphatha kwayo. Ngempela, inkulumo-ze ye-conservatism kanye nokuziphatha kwayo kuvame ukuphikisana.
Ingabe lokhu kusolwa kunobulungiswa? Impela kubonakala kunomehluko omningi phakathi kwamagama nezenzo, futhi kufanele kucelwe abaqapheli ukuthi bakuchaze. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Njengabamelene “nohulumeni omkhulu,” kungani nisekela ngentshiseko impi engapheli exhaswe uhulumeni, ukusetshenziswa kwemali okukhulu kwezempi kukahulumeni, amandla amaphoyisa endawo okudubula abulale izakhamuzi ezingahlomile, ukugxambukela kukahulumeni ngamalungelo okukhishwa kwezisu nokuhlela umndeni, imingcele kahulumeni. ngomshado, nokuxhumana kwesonto nombuso?
- Njengabagqugquzeli “bobukhosi babathengi,” kungani niphikisa ukuthi izinkampani zifake ilebula kumikhiqizo yazo ngolwazi (ngokwesibonelo, “liqukethe ama-GMO”) elingenza abathengi bakwazi ukukhetha imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile?
- Njengabagqugquzeli bokuthuthuka komuntu siqu ngomzamo womuntu ngamunye, kungani niphikisana nezintela zamafa ezingabeka izingane zabacebile nabampofu ezingeni elilinganayo emzabalazweni wabo wempumelelo yomuntu siqu?
- Njengabagqugquzeli bokuncintisana konxiwankulu ezimakethe, kungani nihlale nisekela izimfuno zezinkampani ezinkulu kunalezo zamabhizinisi amancane?
- Njengabagqugquzeli “bohlelo lwamabhizinisi azimele,” kungani ngokuvamile nithanda uxhaso lukahulumeni emabhizinisini amakhulu ahlulekayo kanye nekhefu lentela emabhizinisini amakhulu athuthukayo ofisa ukuwaheha esifundeni noma esifundeni sakho?
- Njengabagqugquzeli benkululeko yokuzikhethela ukusebenzela umqashi (“inkululeko yenkontileka”), kungani niphikisa ilungelo labasebenzi lokuyeka ukusebenzela lowo mqashi—okungukuthi, ukuteleka—futhi ikakhulukazi ukuteleka kuhulumeni?
- Njengabagqugquzeli besenzo sokuzithandela (kunohulumeni) sokulungisa izikhalazo, kungani niphikisana kakhulu nezinyunyana zabasebenzi?
- Njengabagqugquzeli bokuhamba ngokukhululeka kwezisebenzi nemali, kungani nisekela imingcele kahulumeni yokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ezinkulu, ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa amakhulu emingceleni, nokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zokuboshwa ngobuningi?
- Njengabagxeki bezibalo, kungani ningaphikisani nezifungo zokwethembeka zikahulumeni, ukushayelwa ihlombe kwefulege, nezifungo zokwethembeka?
- Njengabagqugquzeli “benkululeko,” kungani ningekho eqhulwini ekulweni nokuhlukunyezwa kukahulumeni, ukubhekwa kwezombangazwe, nokulawulwa?
Uma lokhu kungqubuzana kungenakuchazwa ngendlela egculisayo, sinesizathu esihle sokuphetha ngokuthi izimiso zokuthi ama-Conservatives azigcini nje ngokuba yimaski ehloniphekile ecashe izisusa ezingathandeki—ngokwesibonelo, lokho kusekelwa kwezimpi nokusetshenziswa kwezempi kukhombisa isifiso. ukubusa umhlaba nezinsiza zawo, ukuthi ukusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo zamaphoyisa zokudubulana ukuze kubulawe abokufika kukhombisa ubutha kubantu bezinhlanga ezincane, ukuthi ukuphikiswa kwamalungelo okukhishwa kwezisu nokuhlela umndeni kubonisa ubutha kubantu besifazane, okubonisa ukusekela ukugxambukela kukahulumeni ezindabeni zenkolo. ubutha ngenkolo encane nabangakholwa, ukuthi ukuphikiswa kokulebula kwemikhiqizo, ukungabi nandaba namabhizinisi amancane, uxhaso lwamabhizinisi amakhulu, nokuphikiswa kweziteleka nezinyunyana kubonisa ukwethembeka ezinkampanini, ukuthi ukuphikiswa kwezintela zamafa kubonisa umfelandawonye nabacebile, futhi lokho kusekelwa. ye-hoopla yobuzwe, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukubhekwa, kanye ne-censorship refle Iba nesimo sengqondo esicindezelayo, sokubusa. Ngamafuphi, ukuthi umgomo wangempela wama-conservatives ukugcinwa kwelungelo lezomnotho, ubulili, ubuhlanga, nenkolo, ngaphandle kokungabaza mayelana nezindlela zokuligcina.
Izenzo, vele, zikhuluma kakhulu kunamagama, futhi ngokungangabazeki sizothola umbono omuhle wokuthi abantu abalandela imithetho bami kuphi emthethweni ophasiswe yiCongress engenayo ebuswa yi-Republican. Nokho, phakathi naleso sikhathi, kungathakazelisa ukuba nabagcini bemithetho bachaze lokhu kuphikisana okuyishumi phakathi kwezimiso zabo abazishoyo kanye nokuziphatha kwabo.
ULawrence Wittner (http://lawrenceswittner.com), ihlanganiswe ngu PeaceVoice, unguSolwazi Womlando ophumayo e-SUNY/Albany. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi, "What's Going On e-UAardvark?" (Solidarity Press), inoveli ehlekisayo ngempilo yasekhampasi.
