Ukufundisa Impi Ukuze Ibaluleke

“Angazi…ngiqonde ukuthi ngifuna ukuba ngomunye walabo bantu…uyazi abenza izinto, abadala ushintsho ngiyacabanga…lokhu bekugqugquzela…kungenze ngafuna ukudala ushintsho…kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi angazi Kanjani." Mina nabafundi abathathu sasihlezi ekamelweni elincane elalibuthene eduze kwetafula eliyindilinga ekhoneni lehhovisi lezifundo zezenhlalakahle. Abafundi babesanda kuqeda iyunithi yokufundisa yamasonto amathathu eyayigxile emibuzweni emibili ebalulekile: Iyini impi enobulungisa? Siyiqeda kanjani impi? Mina nothisha wabo sasihlanganise iyunithi enentshisekelo yokwazi ukuthi ukugxila ekugxekweni nasekumelaneni nempi kuzowuqinisa umqondo wabafundi, kubasize bathuthukise umbono obucayi wempi futhi sisize abafundi baqonde ukuthi impi ingavinjwa ngokusebenza kanzima. kanye nezakhamuzi ezihilelekile. Ekupheleni kweyunithi, abafundi base bengaqinisekanga kangako.

“Iyangimangaza njalo indlela izikole zaseMelika ezifundisa ngayo. Ngisho ukuthi kunezimpi ezisizungezile futhi othisha balapha benza sengathi abekho bese bengazifundisi izimpi abazifundisayo.” Abanye abafundi engxoxweni bavuma. “Yebo, kufana nokuthi bafundisa ukuthi impi yimbi…kodwa sesiyazi ukuthi…asifundisi ngokujulile. Ngiqonde ukuthi ngiyazi i-1939 ne-Eisenhower nakho konke lokho…Ngino-A kodwa ngizwa sengathi ngiyazi ngokujulile. Asikhulumi ngalutho ngempela.” Omunye umfundi uvumile ukunikeza isibonelo sokuthi bangena nini ngokujula. “Ngesikhathi sifunda ngamabhomu e-Atomic ajikijelwa eJapan saba nesemina yezinsuku ezimbili yokuhlola imibhalo kodwa empeleni kwakungekho okwehlukile kulokho okwakusezincwadini zethu. Ngisho ukuthi sonke siyazi ukuthi amabhomu e-athomu mabi, kodwa akekho owakhuluma ngokumelene nawo ngaphandle njengo-Einstein? Bengingazi ukuthi bekufana nenhlangano emelene nempi kuze kube yilolu phiko.”

Izigameko zokudubula eMarjorie Stoneman Douglas High School kanye nezishoshovu ezalandela kwase kwenzekile. Idlanzana labafundi e-Stephens High School lapho ngangiqhuba khona isifundo futhi ngifundisa ngokuhlanganyela lolu phiko lwalubambe iqhaza ekuphumeni okuhleliwe kwabafundi futhi isibalo esincane sasibambe iqhaza emcimbini wemizuzu engu-17 wokuphuma lapho abafundi bezofunda amagama Izisulu ezingu-17 ze-Stoneman Douglas ezidubula zithule. Njengezikole eziningi, i-Stephens High School ihloniphe ukuphuma kwemizuzu engu-17 ivumela abafundi ukuthi bakhethe ukubamba iqhaza, othisha uma bekuyisikhathi sabo samahhala noma ikilasi labo belifunda lonke. Besaba udlame, abafundi bakwaStephens bahambele lo mcimbi benokuphepha okuqinile. Abafundi babe nokusabela okuhlukahlukene. "Oh usho umhlangano?" waphendula umfundi lapho ngimbuza ukuthi uke waya yini. "Uqonde isenzo somphakathi esiphoqelelwe?" kuphawula omunye. Ukubuka komfundi kukho kokubili izenzo zomphakathi (umfundi ohleliwe nesikole esihleliwe) kakhulu kusukela ezenzakalweni ezidingekayo kuye kokungahlelekile (umcimbi wabafundi) kuya kokuphoqelelwa (umcimbi wesikole).

Ngangicabange ukuthi ubushoshovu obaboniswa u-Emma Gonzalez, uDavid Hogg, nezinye izishoshovu zabafundi abaphuma ekudutshulweni kukaDouglas zaziyobonisa abafundi bakwaStephens indlela. Nakuba ukudubula kanye nobushoshovu kwadlala kakhulu kwabezindaba izinyanga eziningi kamuva futhi nakuba sasifundisa ngamabomu isimo sobushoshovu, abekho abafundi abaxhumanisa esasikufundisa nezishoshovu ze-Stoneman ngaze ngabaphakamisa engxoxweni yekilasi. Othisha abaningi engikhulume nabo esifundeni saseNorth Carolina babelane ngezimpendulo ezidumazayo zabafundi. Omunye uthisha, umhlanganyeli ocwaningweni olukhulu ebengilwenza mayelana nokufundiswa kwempi wafundisa iyunithi emfishane yokungalaleli komphakathi, ukuphikisa kanye nobushoshovu ezinsukwini ngaphambi kwemizuzu engu-Stoneman Douglas eyi-17. Enethemba lokuhambela lo mhlangano ngokwakhe (wayengahamba kuphela uma bonke abafundi bakhe behambe) washaqeka lapho abafundi bakhe abathathu kuphela bekhetha “ukuphuma” ukuze bathole unswinyo olusemthethweni lwesikole. Lapho ebuza ukuthi kungani abafundi bengayanga wabingelelwa ngabantu abavamile ukuthi, “Imizuzu engu-17 kuphela,” egxekayo, “Ngeke yenze lutho,” kwabavame ukuphiwa, “angifuni ukuphuthelwa isifundo…sithini isihloko…ukungalaleli komphakathi kulungile?” Ukukhuphuka kwezishoshovu zabafundi ezimelene nodlame lwezibhamu kuzwelonke kwabonakala sengathi akwenzanga lutho ukukhuthaza laba bafundi engangicabanga ngaleso sikhathi. Engakuchaza njengokumelana noma ukunganaki kwabafundi bakwaStoneman-Douglas empeleni kwakuwumqondo omangalisayo wobukhulu benkinga (yokuqeda impi) nokungazi ukuthi baqale kuphi. Ngoba ngisho nasophikweni lwethu lokufundisa lwalugxile kulabo ababemelene nempi ngokomlando, abafundi bethulwa kubantu, ukunyakaza, namafilosofi kodwa hhayi ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo eziqondile okufanele zimelane nazo, ukuze kubangele ushintsho.

Iyunithi yokufundisa yaqala ngokubuza abafundi ukuthi "Iyini impi elungile?" Sikucacisile, sicela abafundi ukuthi bachaze ukuthi yini abangazimisela ukuya empini bona, abangani babo kanye nemindeni yabo. Ngamanye amazwi, bekungeke kube omunye umuntu, bekungaba yibo abalwayo, abazabalaza, abalimazayo nabafayo. Abafundi babenezimpendulo eziguquguqukayo ezigijima ibanga ongase ucabange ukuthi abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme bazovela. Izimpendulo zabafundi zazihlanganisa nokuthi: “uma sihlaselwa,” “uma kuyisithakazelo sethu kuzwelonke,” “uma umfelandawonye ehlaselwa … futhi sinesivumelwano naye,” ukuthi “uma kukhona okufana neqembu elibulawayo owaziyo njengokuQothulwa Kwesizwe, ” kokuthi “azikho izimpi ezihlale zilungile.” Abafundi bebekhuluma futhi benothando ngezikhundla nemibono yabo, beyiveza kahle. Bebebushelelezi ekuhambiseni kwabo futhi abafundi bakwazi ukusebenzisa iqiniso elithile elingokomlando njengesibonelo esisekelayo, kodwa abanye kuphela. Abafundi basebenzise imicimbi eyingqopha-mlando njengamathuluzi aluhlaza angakwazi ukucacisa noma ukweqa okuthi “AmaJapane asihlasele!” noma “UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe.” Abafundi babonakala bethambekele kakhulu eMpini Yezwe II ngesibonelo sabo esingokomlando esasithethelela impi, futhi abafundi ababemelene nempi noma ababeyigxeka, bazabalaza. IMpi Yezwe II yaba njengokusho komfundi oyedwa, “impi enhle.”

Lolu phiko luqhubekile nokuhlola ukuthi impi ngayinye iMelika ebambe iqhaza kuyo yaqala kanjani kusukela kuNguquko yaseMelika ngezimpi zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Abafundi bashaqekile ngezizathu ebezisebufakazini. “Ngiqonde ukuthi woza…babazi ukuthi umngcele ukuphi ngenkathi bethumela uTaylor ngaphesheya komfula” kubabaza omunye umfundi. "Ngempela u-Admiral Stockwell owayesendizeni phezu kweGulf of Tonkin akacabangi ukuthi umkhumbi waseMelika uhlaselwe?" kubuza omunye umfundi ngomoya ophansi. Ukuqaphela akuzange kuholele ekushintsheni izingqondo. "Hhayi-ke singamaMelika buka ukuthi senzeni ngomhlaba (othathwe eMexico)" futhi "iVietnam yayingamakhomanisi kwakungadingeki ukuthi sihlaselwe ukuze silwe nawo." Sihlole iMpi Yezwe II kanye neMpi YaseVietnam njengezifundo eziqhathanise ukuthi izimpi zaqala kanjani, zaliwa kanjani kanye nokumelana nazo. Abafundi babenomqondo ojwayelekile wokulwa nempi ngesikhathi saseVietnam, “njengamahippie nokunye akunjalo?” kodwa bamangazwa ukumelana neMpi Yezwe II. Bamangala nakakhulu lapho bezwa ukuthi kunomlando omude wokumelana nempi e-United States nakwamanye amazwe. Abafundi bathintwa izindaba zezishoshovu, imibhalo esiyifunda ngezenzo zabo, uJeanette Rankin avota ngokumelene nempi ngaphambi kokubili kweMpi Yezwe I kanye neMpi Yezwe II, yamamashi, izinkulumo, ukuduba nezinye izenzo ezihleliwe futhi ethuswa inani labesifazane ababehilelekile, “babebaningi kakhulu abesifazane” kusho omunye umfundi wesifazane ngokumangala.

Abafundi baphume kulolu phiko benomqondo ojulile wezimpi iMelika ebikade iyiyo kanye nokuqonda okufingqiwe kweMpi Yezwe II kanye neVietnam. Abafundi babuye baqonda ukuthi kunomlando wokulwa nempi futhi bathola izindlela ezijwayelekile izishoshovu ezizibandakanya kuzo. Nokho, basazizwa bekhungathekile futhi belahlekile. “Impi (impi) inkulu kakhulu… inkulu kakhulu…ngiqonde ukuthi ngizoqala kuphi” kusho omunye umfundi ngesikhathi senhlolokhono. “Ngicabanga ukuthi ukuze lokhu (ukushisekela abafundi) kusebenze, amakilasi amaningi adinga ukufana naleli…futhi angeke nje kube yimaviki amabili nesigamu” kwabelwana ngakho omunye umfundi. “Ezomphakathi sifunda konke mayelana namasheke namabhalansi, ukuthi umthethosivivinywa uba kanjani umthetho, ukuthi izakhamizi zinezwi…kodwa asifundi ukuthi singahlela kanjani noma sithande ukudala ushintsho. Sitshelwa ukuthi sinezwi kodwa angikaze ngifundise ukulisebenzisa,” kusho omunye umfundi. Omunye umfundi uphendule ngokuthi nakuba ephikisana, "Lokhu bekunzima ... bekungamasonto amabili nesigamu kuphela? Ngisho ukuthi kuzwakala njengokungaphezulu. Leyo bekuyizinto ezibucayi esizifundile...angazi noma...angazi noma abafundi bangakwazi yini ukufunda lokhu emakilasini engeziwe.

Kusukela ezenzakalweni zangoSepthemba 11, 2001 i-United States ibilokhu isesimweni sokulwa njalo. Abafundi badinga ukufundiswa ukulandisa okuguquguqukayo nokuphelele ngezimpi iMelika ebambe iqhaza kuzo. Mhlawumbe okudingeka kakhulu ukushintsha endleleni esifundisa ngayo umphakathi, uhulumeni kanye nokuba yisakhamuzi. Mayelana nakho kokubili impi nokuba yisakhamuzi esikhundleni sokuphindaphinda abantu, izindawo, imicimbi, kanye nemisebenzi ehilela ukucabanga okujulile, sidinga ukusiza abafundi bethu bafunde ukusebenzisa amazwi abo, ukubhala kwabo, ucwaningo lwabo, kanye nobushoshovu ezindaweni zangempela ezihlanganyelayo. izehlakalo zangempela. Uma lolu hlobo lokuba yisakhamuzi lungabi umkhuba izimpi zethu zizoqhubeka ngaphandle komqondo wangempela wokuthi kungani kufanele zimiswe noma nini noma kanjani.