NguDavid Swanson
Ucwaningo lwesazi luye lwathola ukuthi umphakathi wase-US ukholelwa ukuthi noma nini lapho uhulumeni wase-US ephakamisa impi, usuvele uqede wonke amanye amathuba. Lapho iqembu lesampula libuzwa ukuthi liyayisekela yini impi ethile, kwathi iqembu lesibili labuzwa ukuthi liyayisekela yini leyo mpi ngemuva kokutshelwa ukuthi zonke ezinye izindlela azilungile, neqembu lesithathu labuzwa ukuthi ngabe bayayisekela yini leyo mpi yize bekhona izindlela ezinhle, amaqembu amabili okuqala abhalise izinga elifanayo lokuxhaswa, ngenkathi ukusekelwa kwempi kwehle kakhulu eqenjini lesithathu. Lokhu kuholele abacwaningi esiphethweni sokuthi uma kungakhulunywa ngezinye izindlela, abantu abacabangi ukuthi zikhona - kunalokho, abantu bacabanga ukuthi sebezamile kakade.
Ubufakazi buyiqiniso ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US, phakathi kwabanye, uvame ukusebenzisa impi njengendawo yokuqala, yesibili, noma yesithathu, hhayi indawo yokugcina. ICongress isematasatasa ihlasela ubudlelwano ne-Iran, kuyilapho uJames Sterling esenkantolo e-Alexandria ngokudalula uhlelo lweCIA lokuthola izizathu zokulwa ne-Iran. I-Vice-President kaMengameli uDick Cheney wake wacabanga ngenketho yokuba namasosha ase-US adubule amasosha ase-US egqoke njengama-Irani. Emizuzwini embalwa ngaphambi kwesithangami sabezindaba saseWhite House lapho uMongameli wangaleso sikhathi uGeorge W. Bush kanye noNdunankulu wangaleso sikhathi uTony Blair babethi bazama ukugwema impi e-Iraq, uBush waphakamisa uBlair ukuthi badwebe izindiza ezinemibala ye-UN futhi bazindize bezama kancane ukubenza badutshulwe. UHussein ubezimisele ukuhamba ne- $ 1 billion. AmaTaliban ayezimisele ukubeka uBin Laden ecaleni lakhe ezweni lesithathu. UGadaffi akazange asongele ngokuhlatshwa, kepha sekubonwe yiLibya manje. Izindaba zokuhlaselwa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali yiSyria, ukuhlaselwa yiRussia e-Ukraine, njalonjalo, ezishabalala lapho impi ihluleka ukuqala - lena akuyona imizamo yokugwema impi, ukubamba impi njengesinqumo sokugcina. Lokhu yilokho u-Eisenhower axwayise ukuthi kuzokwenzeka, futhi lokho abesevele ekubonile kwenzeka, lapho izintshisekelo ezinkulu zezezimali zibekwa ngemuva kwesidingo sezimpi eziningi.
Kepha zama ukutshela umphakathi wase-US. The Ijenali Yokuxazululwa Kwengxabano usanda kushicilela udaba olunesihloko esithi “Norms, Diplomatic Alternatives, and the Social Psychology of War Support,” ebhalwe ngu-Aaron M. Hoffman, uChristopher R. Agnew, uLaura E. VanderDrift, noRobert Kulzick. Ababhali baxoxa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ekusekeleni umphakathi noma ekuphikiseni izimpi, kufaka phakathi indawo evelele ephethwe ngumbuzo "wokuphumelela" - manje okukholakala ukuthi ibaluleke ngaphezu kokubalwa komzimba (okusho ukubalwa komzimba wase-US, umzimba omkhulu kakhulu wangaphandle awubalwa ukucatshangelwa kunoma yisiphi isifundo engike ngizwe ngaso). “Impumelelo” iyinto exakile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwencazelo enzima futhi ngoba nganoma iyiphi incazelo amasosha ase-United States awanampumelelo uma esedlulela ngaphesheya kokubhubhisa izinto emizamweni yokuhlalwa kwabantu, ukulawula nokuxhashazwa kwesikhathi eside - er , ningixolele, ukukhushulwa kwentando yeningi.
Ucwaningo lwababhali luthola ukuthi noma ngabe kukholakala ukuthi “impumelelo” kungenzeka, ngisho nabantu abanodaka ababambe leyo nkolelo bavame ukukhetha izinketho zamanxusa (ngaphandle-ke uma bengamalungu e-United States Congress). Umbhalo wephephabhuku unikeza izibonelo zakamuva ngale kocwaningo olusha ukusekela umbono wawo: “Ngo-2002-2003, ngokwesibonelo, amaphesenti angama-60 aseMelika akholelwa ukuthi ukunqoba kwamasosha ase-US e-Iraq kungenzeka (i-CNN / Time poll, ngoNovemba 13–14 , 2002). Yize kunjalo, amaphesenti angama-63 omphakathi athe akhetha isixazululo sezombusazwe kunesimo esibucayi kunesempi (i-CBS News poll, ngoJanuwari 4-6, 2003). ”
Kepha uma kungekho noyedwa okhuluma ngezinye izindlela ezingezona ezobudlova, abantu abanandaba nazo noma bazichitha noma baphikisana nazo. Cha, ngobuningi abantu bakholelwa empeleni ukuthi zonke izixazululo zezingxoxo sezizamile. Yeka iqiniso elimnandi! Vele, akukuthusisi lokho ngoba abalandeli bempi bahlala bethi balwela impi njengesixazululo sokugcina futhi balwa nempi ngokungabaza egameni lokuthula. Kepha kuyinkolelo engasile ukubamba uma uhlala emhlabeni wangempela lapho uMnyango Wezwe usube ngumfundi omncane ongakhokhelwa ku-Pentagon master. Ubudlelwano namanye amazwe, njenge-Iran, empeleni bekunqatshelwe ngezikhathi lapho umphakathi wase-US ubucabanga ukuthi ubulandelwa kahle. Futhi kungasho ukuthini emhlabeni ukuthi ZONKE izixazululo ezingenabudlova zizanywe? Ngabe umuntu ubengacabangi njalo ngomunye? Noma zama okufanayo futhi? Ngaphandle kokuthi isimo esiphuthumayo esizayo njengokusongela okuqanjiwe eBanghazi kungabeka isikhathi esinqunyiwe, ukugijimela empini empini akulungisiswa yinoma yini enengqondo nhlobo.
Indima abacwaningi abathi bayakholelwa ekutheni inkolelo-mbuso isike yazama kungenzeka futhi idlalwe ngenkolelo yokuthi ukukhulumisana akunakwenzeka ngezilo ezingekho ngaphansi kwabantu ezinjenge- ________ (gcwalisa uhulumeni noma abahlali besizwe noma isifunda esiqondisiwe). Umehluko owenziwe ngokwazisa umuntu ukuthi ezinye izindlela zikhona zizofaka kuwo ukuguqulwa kwezilo kube ngabantu abakwazi ukukhuluma.
Ushintsho olufanayo lungadlalwa ngesambulo sokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, abantu abasolwa ngokwakha izikhali zenuzi empeleni abenzi kanjalo. Ababhali baphawula ukuthi: “ukwesekwa okujwayelekile kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngamasosha aseMelika elwa ne-Iran phakathi kuka-2003 no-2012 kubonakala kuzwela olwazini mayelana nekhwalithi yezinye izindlela ezitholakalayo. Yize ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungazange kuxhaswe iningi labantu baseMelika ngesikhathi sikaMongameli uGeorge W. Bush (2001- 2009), kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwehla okukhulu ekusekeleni isenzo samasosha elwa ne-Iran kwenzeka ngo-2007. Ngaleso sikhathi, Ukuphatha kukaBush kubonwe njengokuzibophezela ekulweni ne-Iran futhi kuthabatha isenzo sezombusazwe ngokungahambisani nenhliziyo. Umbhalo kaSeymour M. Hersh ku The New Yorker (2006) ukubika ukuthi abaphathi bebeqhamuka nomkhankaso wokuqhumisa amabhomu asemoyeni wezindawo ezisolwa ngokuba yizindawo zenuzi e-Iran kusizile ukuqinisekisa lo mqondo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwe-2007 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), okwaphetha ngokuthi i-Iran yamisa uhlelo lwayo lwezikhali zenuzi e-2003 ngenxa yengcindezelo yamazwe omhlaba, yaqala phansi impikiswano yempi. Njengomsizi wePhini likaMongameli uDick Cheney utshele The Wall Street Journal, ababhali be-NIE 'babekwazi ukukhipha umata ngaphansi kwethu'. ”
Kepha isifundo esisitholile asikaze sibonakale ukuthi uhulumeni ufuna impi futhi uzoqamba amanga ukuze ayithole. "Ngenkathi ukwesekwa komphakathi emisebenzini yamasosha elwa ne-Iran kwehla ngesikhathi sokuphatha kukaBush, kwanda kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala kukaMengameli uBarack Obama (2009-2012). U-Obama ungene ehhovisi enethemba elikhulu kunangaphambili kwakhe ngekhono lobumbano ukwenza i-Iran iyeke ukuphishekela izikhali zenuzi. [Uyabona ukuthi ngisho nalaba bafundi bamane bacabanga ukuthi ukulandela lokho bekuqhubeka, yize bebefaka i-NIE engenhla esihlokweni.] U-Obama, isibonelo, uvule umnyango wokuqondisa izingxoxo ne-Iran ngohlelo lwayo lwenuzi 'ngaphandle kwemibandela,' isikhundla UGeorge Bush wenqabile. Noma kunjalo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezingxoxo phakathi nesikhathi sokuqala sika-Obama kubonakala kuhlotshaniswa nokwamukelwa kancane kancane ukuthi isenzo samasosha kungaba yindlela yokugcina engenzeka yokwenza i-Iran iguqule inkambo. Ebeka umqondisi wangaphambilini we-CIA uMichael Hayden, isenzo samasosha esimelene ne-Iran kuyindlela ekhanga ngokuya phambili ngoba 'noma ngabe i-US yenzani ngokwamazwe, iTehran iyaqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili nohlelo lwayo lwenuzi olusolwayo' (Haaretz, NgoJulayi 25, 2010). ”
Manje umuntu uqhubeka kanjani aphokophele phambili nokuthile uhulumeni waphesheya aqhubeka nokusola ngokungafanele noma enze sengathi lokho akwenzayo? Lokho akukaze kucaciswe. Iqiniso ukuthi uma umemezela, Bushlike, ukuthi awunakusiza ngezingxoxo, abantu bazophikisana nomzamo wakho wempi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uthi u-Obamalike, uphishekela ubumbano, kepha uqhubeka, no-Obamalike, ekuqhakambiseni amanga ngalokho izwe elihlosiwe elikusona, abantu ngokusobala bazozwa ukuthi bangakusekela ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi unembeza omsulwa.
Isifundo sabaphikisi bempi sibukeka njengale: khomba ezinye izindlela. Yisho imiqondo emihle ye-86 onayo yokuthi yini ongayenza mayelana ne-ISIS. Hammer away kulokho okufanele kwenziwe. Futhi abanye abantu, noma ngokuvamile bayemukela impi, bayokugodla ukuvunywa kwabo.
* Ngibonga uPatrick Hiller ngokungazisa ngalo mbhalo.
