Qinisekisa iNkantolo Yezobugebengu Zomhlaba Wonke

(Lesi yisigaba 42 se- World Beyond War iphepha elimhlophe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War. Qhubeka esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)

The I-International Criminal Court (ICC) yinkantolo yaphakade, eyakhiwa yisivumelwano, i "Isimo seRoma," okuqale ukusebenza ngo-1 Julayi, 2002 ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa yizizwe ze-60. Ngokuya kwe-2015 isivumelwano sisayiniwe yizizwe ze-122 (“States Parties”), yize kungenjalo ngeNdiya neChina. Amazwe amathathu aveze ukuthi awazimisele ngokuba yingxenye yeSivumelwano — i-Israel, iSudan kanye ne-United States. INkantolo imile mahhala futhi ayiyona ingxenye yoHlelo lwe-UN yize isebenza ngokubambisana nayo. UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ungadlulisela amacala enkantolo, yize iNkantolo ingenasibopho sokuwaphenya. Amandla ayo akhawulelwe kuphela emacaleni obugebengu obubhekiswe ebuntwini, ubugebengu bempi, ubuhlanga kanye nobugebengu bobugebengu njengoba lokhu kuchazwe ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kwesiko lomthetho wamazwe omhlaba nse njengoba kubekiwe kuMthetho. KuyiNkantolo yezinyathelo zokugcina. Njengomgomo ojwayelekile, i-ICC angeke isebenzise amandla ngaphambi kokuthi iqembu Lombuso lithole ithuba lokuzama amacala abekwe lona uqobo futhi likhombise amandla nokuzimisela kwangempela ukwenza lokho, okungukuthi, izinkantolo zama-United States Parties kufanele zisebenze. Inkantolo "ihambisana nokubusa kuzwelonke zobugebengu" (iRome Statute, Isendlalelo). Uma iNkantolo inquma ukuthi inamandla, lokho kunqunywa kungaphonswa inselelo futhi noma yikuphi uphenyo kumiswe kuze kube yilapho inselelo isilalelwe bese kwenziwa isinqumo. Inkantolo angeke isebenzise amandla endaweni ethile yanoma yiluphi uMbuso ongasayineli iSimemezelo saseRoma.

I-ICC yakhiwa yizinhlaka ezine: iHhovisi likaMongameli, iHhovisi loMshushisi, iRegistry kanye neJaji elenziwa ngamajaji alishumi nesishiyagalombili ezihlukanisweni ezintathu: Ukuqulwa kwecala, ukuthethwa kwecala kanye nokudlulisa amacala.

INkantolo ibe ngaphansi kokugxekwa okuningi okuhlukahlukene. Okokuqala, kumenyezelwe ngokungcwaswa okungafanele e-Afrika ngenkathi lezo kwenye indawo zinganakwa. Ngokuya kwe-2012, wonke amacala ayisikhombisa avulekile agxile kubaholi base-Afrika. Abahlali abahlanu boMkhandlu Wezokuphepha babonakala bencika bebheke kuleli cala. Njengomgomo, iNkantolo kumele ikwazi ukukhombisa ukungakhethi. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbili ezidambisa lokhu kugxekwa: I-1) amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika ahlanganyela esivumelwaneni kunezinye izizwe; I-2) iNkantolo iqhubekile nokulandela izinsolo zobugebengu e-Iraq naseVenezuela (okungaholelanga ekushushisweni) kanti kulokhu kuphenywa okuyisishiyagalombili okuvulelekile (i-2014), okuyisithupha kuyizizwe ezingewona ezase-Afrika.

Ukugxekwa kwesibili okuhlobene nakho ukuthi iNkantolo ibonakala kwabanye ingumsebenzi wobukoloni njengoba uxhaso kanye nabasebenzi kungalingani kwi-European Union naseNtshonalanga States. Lokhu kungabhekelelwa ngokuthi kusatshalaliswe imali kanye nokuqashwa kwabasebenzi abangochwepheshe abavela kwezinye izizwe.

Okwesithathu, kuye kwaqubuka ukuthi ibha yokufaneleka kwamajaji idinga ukuba ngaphezulu, idinga ubuchwepheshe emithethweni yamazwe omhlaba kanye nesipiliyoni sangaphambi kwecala. Akungabazeki ukuthi abafisa ukuba ngamajaji ngokwedlulele futhi babe nolwazi olunjalo. Noma iziphi izithiyo emi endleleni yokuhlangabezana naleli zinga eliphakeme okudingeka ukuba zilungiswe.

Okwesine, abanye bathi amandla oMshushisi banzi kakhulu. Kufanele kuvezwe ukuthi lezi zisungulwe yi-Statute futhi zizodinga ukuthi kuchitshiyelwe ezinye ukuze ziguqulwe. Ikakhulu, abanye baphikise ukuthi uMshushisi akufanele abe nelungelo lokumangalela abantu bezizwe zabo ezingasayini; noma kunjalo, lokhu kubukeka kungukungaqondi kahle njengoba iSitatimende sikhawulela ukumangalelwa kwabasayini noma ezinye izizwe ezivumile ukumangalelwa noma ngabe zingasayini.

Okwesihlanu, akukho sikhalazo enkantolo ephakeme. Qaphela ukuthi ikamelo leNkantolo yangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala kumele livumelane, kususelwa ebufakazini, ukuthi kungenziwa icala, futhi ummangalelwa angadlulisela amacala atholakele kwiNkantolo Yezikhalazo. Icala elinjalo ligcinwe ngempumelelo ngummangalelwa e2014 icala labe selihlehla. Kodwa-ke, kungakufanele ukubheka ukwakhiwa kwenkantolo yokudlulisa amacala ngaphandle kwe-ICC.

Okwesithupha, kunezikhalazo ezizwakalayo ngokuntuleka obala. Amaseshini amaningi weNkantolo kanye nokuqhubeka kwawo kwenziwa ngasese. Ngenkathi kunezizathu ezizwakalayo zalokhu (ukuvikela ofakazi, phakathi kokunye), izinga elivelele lokucacisa okungenzeka liyadingeka futhi Inkantolo idinga ukubukeza izinqubo zayo kulokhu.

Okwesikhombisa, abanye abagxeki bathi izindinganiso zenqubo efanelekile azifiki emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu omsebenzi. Uma kunjalo, kumele ilungiswe.

Okwesishiyagalombili, abanye baphikise ukuthi iNkantolo isizuze okuncane kakhulu ngamanani wemali eyisebenzisile, njengoba ithole icala elilodwa kuze kube manje. Lokhu-ke nokho, kungukuphikisana kwenhlonipho yeNkantolo yenqubo kanye nesimo sayo semvelo sokugcina. Akukaze kuqhubeke ngokuzingela abathakathi kuwo wonke umuntu omubi emhlabeni kepha kukhombise ukuzibamba okuhle. Futhi kungubufakazi kobunzima bokulethwa kwalokhu kushushiswa, ukuqoqa ubufakazi ngesinye isikhathi emva kweqiniso lokubulawa kwabantu nezinye izinto ezinya, ikakhulukazi esimweni samasiko ahlukahlukene.

Okokugcina, ukugxekwa kakhulu okuvela kwiNkantolo yikhona kanye okukhona njengesikhungo sezizwe. Abanye abayithandi noma bayifunele ukuthi iyini, imikhawulo ebekiwe ebukhosini boMbuso obungachazwanga. Kepha ngakho-ke, sonke isivumelwano, futhi sonke, kubandakanya iSitatimende SaseRoma, singene ngokuzithandela nangenxa yokuzuzisa okuvamile. Ukuqeda impi ngeke kutholwe yizizwe ezizimele zodwa. Amarekhodi weminyaka eyinkulungwane akhombisa lutho ngaphandle kokwehluleka kule ndaba. Izikhungo zokwahlulela zezizwe ziyingxenye edingekayo yoHlelo Olunye Lokuphepha Komhlaba. Kuliqiniso ukuthi iNkantolo kumele ibe ngaphansi kwemigomo efanayo abangayikhuthaza ngawo wonke umphakathi wonkana, okusobala, ukubika, inqubo esheshayo futhi efanele, kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu. Ukusungulwa kweNkantolo yezobugebengu yamazwe omhlaba bekuyisinyathelo esikhulu phambili ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuthula olusebenzayo.

Kudingeka ukuthi kugcizelelwe ukuthi i-ICC isikhungo esisha, okuyisisekelo sokuqala semizamo yomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba wonke wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izigebengu ezithanda ukuzedlula zonke emhlabeni azibalekeli ubugebengu bazo obuningi. Ngisho neZizwe Ezihlangene, okuyingxenye yesibili yokuphepha okuhlanganisiwe, zisavela futhi zisadinga izinguquko ezinkulu.

Inhlangano yomphakathi, Ubumbano lweNkantolo Yobulelesi Yomhlaba wonke, iqukethe izinhlangano zomphakathi ze-2,500 emazweni ase-150 ezivikela i-ICC enobulungiswa, esebenza ngempumelelo, futhi ezimele futhi ithuthukisa ukufinyelela kwezomthetho kwabathinteka ekuqothulweni kohlanga, ubugebengu bempi kanye nobugebengu obubhekiswe kubantu.^i-note44

(Qhubeka kuya esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)

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amanothi:
44. http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/undpa/main/enewsletter/pid/24129 (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)