Isikhulu sangaphansi kwamanzi saseSoviet esagwema impi yenuzi sahlonishwa ngomklomelo

Isikhulu esiphezulu somkhumbi-ngwenya waseSoviet esagwema ukugqashuka kwengxabano yenuzi phakathi nempi ebandayo sizohlonishwa ngomklomelo omusha, iminyaka engu-55 kuze kube usuku ngemva kokuba izenzo zaso zobuqhawe zigweme inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke.

Ngomhla zingama-27 kuMfumfu 1962, uVasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov wayesemkhunjini umkhumbi-ngwenya wamaSoviet i-B-59 eduze. Cuba lapho amabutho ase-US eqala ukulahla amacala angenakubulala. Nakuba isenzo sasiklanyelwe ukukhuthaza imikhumbi-ngwenya yaseSoviet ukuba ivele, izisebenzi ze-B-59 zazikade zingahlangani ngakho-ke zazingayazi inhloso. Babecabanga ukuthi babona ukuqala kwempi yezwe yesithathu.

Bevaleleke kumkhumbi-ngwenya onyakazayo - isiphephetha-moya sasingasasebenzi - abasebenzi besaba ukufa. Kodwa, amabutho ase-US engaziwa, ayenesikhali esikhethekile ku-arsenal yawo: i-torpedo ye-nuclear ye-kilotonne eyishumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu zaba nemvume yokuyethula ngaphandle kokulinda imvume evela eMoscow.

Izikhulu ezimbili eziphezulu zomkhumbi - okuhlanganisa ukapteni, u-Valentin Savitsky - zazifuna ukudubula umcibisholo. Ngokuvumelana ne umbiko ovela ku-US National Security Archive, uSavitsky wababaza: “Sizoziqhumisa manje! Sizofa, kodwa sizozicwilisa zonke - ngeke sibe yihlazo lemikhumbi."

Kodwa kwaba nesixwayiso esibalulekile: zontathu izikhulu eziphezulu esikebheni kwadingeka zivume ukuhambisa isikhali. Ngenxa yalokho, isimo ekamelweni lokulawula sidlale ngokuhluke kakhulu. U-Arkhipov wenqaba ukugunyaza ukwethulwa kwesikhali futhi wehlisa umoya ukaputeni. I-torpedo ayizange ixoshwe.

Ukube ibikade yethulwa, isiphetho somhlaba ngabe sehluke kakhulu: ukuhlasela cishe bekuyoqala impi yenuzi ebingadala umonakalo omkhulu emhlabeni, ngenani elingenakucatshangwa lokufa kwabantu.

"Isifundo kulokhu ukuthi umfana ogama lakhe linguVasili Arkhipov wasindisa umhlaba," uThomas Blanton, umqondisi weNational Security Archive eGeorge Washington University, utshele iBoston Globe ngo-2002, kulandela ingqungquthela lapho kwabhekwa khona imininingwane yalesi simo.

Manje, ngemva kweminyaka engu-55 agwema impi yenuzi kanye neminyaka engu-19 ngemva kokufa kwakhe, u-Arkhipov uzohlonishwa, nomndeni wakhe kube ngabamukeli bokuqala bomklomelo omusha.

Lo mklomelo, obizwa nge-“Future of Life award” uwungqondongqondo we-Future of Life Insitute - inhlangano ezinze e-US inhloso yayo kuwukubhekana nezinsongo ezisongela isintu futhi ibhodi layo labaluleki lihlanganisa izikhanyiso ezinjengo-Elon Musk, isazi sezinkanyezi uProf Martin. Rees, kanye nomlingisi uMorgan Freeman.

“Indondo yeFuture of Life ingumklomelo oklonyeliswa ngesenzo sobuqhawe esizuzise kakhulu isintu, esenziwe naphezu kobungozi bomuntu siqu futhi ngaphandle kokuklonyeliswa ngaleso sikhathi,” kusho. UMax Tegmark, uprofesa wefiziksi e-MIT kanye nomholi we-Future of Life Institute.

Ekhuluma noTegmark, indodakazi ka-Arkhipov u-Elena Andriukova uthe umndeni wawubonga kakhulu ngomklomelo, kanye nokuqaphela izenzo zika-Arkhipov.

“Ubehlale ecabanga ukuthi wenze okufanele akwenze futhi akakaze athathe isenzo sakhe njengobuqhawe. Wenze okomuntu owazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlekelele ezingaqhamuka emisebeni,” kusho yena. “Wenze ingxenye yakhe ngekusasa ukuze wonke umuntu akwazi ukuphila emhlabeni wethu.”

Umklomelo ka-$50,000 uzokwethulwa kumzukulu ka-Arkhipov, u-Sergei, no-Andriukova e-Institute of Engineering and Technology ngoLwesihlanu kusihlwa.

Beatrice Fihn, umqondisi omkhulu we- Inhlangano eyawina umklomelo wokuthula kaNobel, Umkhankaso Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wokuqeda Izikhali Zenuzi, uthe okwenziwa ngu-Arkhipov kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi umhlaba wawususondele onqenqemeni lwenhlekelele. "Indaba ka-Arkhipov ikhombisa ukuthi besisondele kangakanani enhlekeleleni yenuzi esikhathini esedlule," kusho yena.

Isikhathi somklomelo, wengeza uFihn, sifanelekile. “Njengoba ingozi yempi yenuzi iyanda manje, zonke izifundazwe kumele zihlanganyele ngokushesha esivumelwaneni sokuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi ukuvimbela inhlekelele enjalo.”

UDkt Jonathan Colman, uchwepheshe wezinkinga zemicibisholo yaseCuba eNyuvesi yaseCentral Lancashire, uvumile ukuthi umklomelo ufanelekile.

“Nakuba ama-akhawunti ehluka ngalokho okwenzeka ku-B-59, kuyacaca ukuthi u-Arkhipov nabasebenzi basebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokungezwani okukhulu nobunzima bomzimba. Uma sekweqiwe imingcele yenuzi, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi i-genie yayingabuyiselwa ebhodleleni,” usho kanje.

"UMongameli uKennedy ubekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi kungenzeka kube khona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemikhumbi yempi yaseMelika kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya yamaSoviet eCaribbean, futhi kusobala ukuthi ukwesaba kwakhe kwakunesizathu," kusho uColman, ephawula ukuthi izinqumo ezithile ezingeni lokusebenza beziphuma kuye. ukulawula. "Ekugcineni, kube yinhlanhla njengabaphathi abaqinisekise ukuthi inkinga yemicibisholo iyaphela ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu."