Igwebu eligcwele iPFAS lihamba linqamula iSt. Inigoes Creek lisuka eWebster Field. Isithombe - Jan. 2021
NguPat Elder, World BEYOND War, Ngo-Ephreli 15, i-2021
IPatuxent River Naval Air Station (Pax River) kanye neNaval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) babike ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ePax River eWebster Outlying Field eSt. ). Ubuthi butholakele e-Building 84,757 obaziwa nangokuthi yi-Fire Station 8076. Izinga lobuthi liphindwe izikhathi eziyi-3 izikhathi ezingama-1,200 ppt federal guide.
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Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi angaphezulu asuka lapho kufakwa khona imikhumbi encane angena eSt. Inigoes Creek, ibanga elifushane ukuya eMfuleni iPotomac naseChesapeake Bay.
Amakhemikhali axhunyaniswe nenqwaba yomdlavuza, ukungajwayelekile kombungu nezifo zezingane.
I-Navy iphinde yabika inani eliphelele le-PFOS enkabeni enkulu yoMfula iPax e-35,787.16 ppt. Ukungcola lapho kugelezela emfuleni iPatuxent naseChesapeake Bay.
Ingxoxo ngokungcoliswa kuzindawo zombili izokwethulwa emphakathini ngesikhathi somhlangano omenyezelwe we-NAS Patuxent River Restoration Advisory Board (RAB) ohlelelwe umhla ziyi-28 ku-Ephreli, kusukela ngo-6: 00 ntambama kuya ku-7: 00 ntambama, uMkhumbi Wezempi wamemezela ngo-Ephreli 12 . I-navy ayizange ibike ngamazinga e-PFAS emanzini angaphezulu.
I-navy ifuna imibuzo emphakathini mayelana ne-PFAS ePax River naseWebster Field nge-imeyili ku pax_rab@navy.mil Imibuzo ethunyelwe nge-imeyili izokwamukelwa kuze kube uLwesihlanu, Ephreli 16. Bheka umbiko wabezindaba weNavy lapha. Futhi bona eyeNavy Ukuhlolwa Kwesiza sePFAS PDF. Lo mbhalo uqukethe idatha esanda kukhishwa evela kumasayithi womabili. Lo mhlangano wehora elilodwa uzobandakanya kafushane ngemiphumela emisha kanye nesikhathi semibuzo nezimpendulo nabamele abasolwandle, i-US Environmental Protection Agency, kanye noMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland.
Umphakathi ungajoyina umhlangano obonakalayo ngokuchofoza lapha.
IWebster Field itholakala ngamamayela ayi-12 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yePax River eSt. Mary's County, MD, cishe ngamamayela angama-75 eningizimu yeWashington.
Ukungcola kwePFAS eWebster Field
IWebster Field ihlala enhlonhlweni phakathi kweSt. Inigoes Creek noMfula iSt. Mary, okuyisizwana sePotomac. Isijobelelo seWebster Outlying Field siyikhaya leNavy Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, kanye neCool Guard Station iSt. Inigoes, nengxenye yeMaryland Army National Guard.
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Ukwakhiwa kwe-8076 kuseduze ne-aqueous film-kutengeneza foam (AFFF) Crash Truck Maintenance Area lapho amaloli asebenzisa amagwebu aqukethe i-PFAS ahlolwa njalo. Isiza singaphansi kwamamitha angu-200 ukusuka eSt. Inigoes Creek. Lo mkhuba, ngokusho kweNavy, wanqanyulwa ngeminyaka yama-1990's, yize lokhu kuqhubekeka kuyaqhubeka. Izinga eliphakeme le-PFAS elisanda kubikwa liyisivumelwano sokuhlala kwamandla okuthiwa "amakhemikhali angunaphakade."
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Isicishamlilo 3 Webster Field
Ukufundwa okuphezulu kakhulu
I-PFOS 84,756.77
I-PFOA 2,816.04
I-PFBS 4,804.83
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Ichashazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka likhombisa indawo yokuhlolwa kwamanzi engikwenze ngoFebhuwari, 2020. Ichashazi elibomvu likhombisa lapho kulahlwa khona i-AFFF.
NgoFebhuwari, i-2020 ngivivinye amanzi olwandle lwami eSt Inigoes Creek eSt. Mary's City ngePFAS. Imiphumela engiyishicilele uthuse umphakathi. Amanzi akhonjisiwe ukuthi aqukethe inani eliphelele le-1,894.3 ppt ye-PFAS nge-1,544.4 ppt ye-PFOS. Abantu abangama-275 bagcwele eMtapweni Wezincwadi waseLexington Park ekuqaleni kuka Mashi, 2020, ngokushesha ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, ukuzwa amasosha asemanzini evikela ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwePFAS.
Abaningi babekhathazeke kakhulu ngekhwalithi yamanzi emifuleni nasemifuleni naseChesapeake Bay kunamanzi okuphuza. Babenemibuzo eminingi engaphenduliwe yemikhumbi yempi. Babekhathazekile ngokudla kwasolwandle okungcolile.
Le miphumela yenziwa yi-Biological Laboratory yaseYunivesithi yaseMichigan isebenzisa indlela ye-EPA 537.1.
I-Navy ihlolwe kuphela i-PFOS, i-PFOA ne-PFBS. Ihluleka ukubheka amazinga ezinye izinhlobo eziyi-11 ze-PFAS eziyingozi ezitholakala eSt. Inigoes Creek: PFHxA, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTA, N-MeFOSAA, NEtFOSAA. Esikhundleni salokho, uPatrick Gordon, Isikhulu Sezindaba Zomphakathi seNAS Patuxent River wangabaza “ubuqiniso nokunemba” kwemiphumela.
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Lokhu kukucindezela kwenkantolo okugcwele. Izazi zemvelo azibeki ithuba eliningi ngenkathi zizama ukuxwayisa umphakathi ngobungozi obudalwa yilobu buthi. I-Navy ifuna ukusala yodwa. UMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland awuniki lutho futhi uzimisele ukuqamba amanga kokungcola. Umnyango wezempilo eMaryland uye wabuyela kuNavy. OKhomishani Besifunda abaholi enkokhisweni. AmaSenator Cardin noVan Hollen bebelokhu bethule, yize uMmeli uSteny Hoyer esanda kukhombisa izimpawu zokuphila kulolu daba. Amanzi abona usongo empilweni yabo.
Ngokuphendula okutholakele ngonyaka owedlule, u-Ira May, owengamele ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo zombuso zoMnyango Wezemvelo waseMaryland, utshele iBay Journal lokho kungcola emfudlaneni, "uma kukhona," kungaba nomunye umthombo. Amakhemikhali avame ukutholakala ezindaweni okulahlwa kuzo udoti, waphawula, kanye nakuma-biosolids nasezindaweni lapho iminyango yomlilo yomphakathi ifafaze khona igwebu. "Ngakho-ke, kunemithombo eminingi engaba khona," kusho uMay. "Sisanda kuqala ukuzibheka zonke lezo."
Ngabe insizwa ephezulu yombuso yayihlanganisa ezempi? Iziteshi zomlilo e-Valley Lee naseRidge ziqhele ngamakhilomitha angaba mahlanu, kanti indawo yokulahla udoti eseduze kakhulu ingamakhilomitha ayi-11. Ibhishi lami lingamamitha ayi-1,800 ukusuka ekukhishweni kwe-AFFF.
Kubalulekile ukuza ekuqondeni i- isiphetho nezokuthutha we-PFAS. Isayensi ayixazululiwe. Ngithole i-1,544 ppt ye-PFOS ngenkathi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eWebster Field esikhungweni ene-84,000 ppt ye-PFOS. Ibhishi lethu lihlala endaweni esenyakatho nenyakatho-mpumalanga yesisekelo ngenkathi imimoya ekhona ivunguza ivela eningizimu-ntshonalanga-ntshonalanga - okusho ukuthi, ukusuka ezansi kuya ebhishi lethu. Amagwebu abuthana nomsinga ezinsukwini eziningi. Kwesinye isikhathi igwebu liphakama unyawo futhi liphenduka emoyeni. Uma amagagasi ephakeme kakhulu igwebu liyaphela.
Cishe phakathi kwamahora angu-1-2 omsinga ophakeme, amagwebu ancibilika angene emanzini, njengamabhamuza okugeza izitsha asele yedwa kusinki. Kwesinye isikhathi singabona umugqa wegwebu uqala ukwakheka njengoba ushaya eshalofini lomfula. (Ungabona umehluko ekujuleni kwamanzi esithombeni sesathelayithi ngenhla.) Cishe ngamamitha angama-400 amanzi phambi kwendlu yethu angamamitha ayi-3-4 ukujula kumsinga wamanzi ophansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokungazelelwe yehlela ezinyaweni ezingama-20-25. Yilapho amagwebu aqala khona ukwakha nokuya ngasogwini.
Kunezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele maqondana nesiphetho nokuthuthwa kwe-PFAS emanzini. Okokuqala, iPFOS yiyona ebhukuda enkulu yePFAS futhi ingahamba amamayela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba nasemanzini angaphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iPFOA imile kakhulu futhi ijwayele ukungcolisa umhlaba, umkhiqizo wezolimo, inyama yenkomo kanye nezinkukhu. I-PFOS ihamba emanzini, njengoba kufakazelwa emiphumeleni ye-University of Michigan.
Ngemuva kokuthi imiphumela yami yamanzi ihlazeke umbuso Ngivivinye ukudla kwasolwandle kusuka emfuleni we-PFAS. Ama-oysters atholakale ene-2,070 ppt; izinkalankala zazine-6,650 ppt; kanti i-rockfish yayingcoliswe ngama-ppt ayi-23,100 wezinto.
Le nto inobuthi. I- Iqembu Lokusebenza Lendawo ithi kufanele sigcine ukusetshenziswa kwalawa makhemikhali ngaphansi kwe-1 ppt nsuku zonke emanzini ethu okuphuza. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-European Food Safety Authority ithi i-86% ye-PFAS ebantwini isuka ekudleni abakudlayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla kwasolwandle.
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Isimo saseMichigan kuhlolwe izinhlanzi ezingama-2,841 ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-PFAS futhi ngathola i- isilinganiso izinhlanzi zaziqukethe i-93,000 ppt. we-PFOS kuphela. Okwamanje, umbuso ukhawula amanzi okuphuza abe yi-16 ppt - ngenkathi abantu bekhululekile ukusebenzisa izinhlanzi ngobuthi obuphindwe kaningi kunabo. I-23,100 ppt etholakala ku-rockfish yethu ingabonakala iphansi uma iqhathaniswa nesilinganiso saseMichigan, kepha iWebster Field ayisona isikebhe esikhulu somoya futhi ayikwazi ukusebenzela amasosha amakhulu eNavy, njenge-F-35. Ukufaka okukhulu kuvamise ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-PFAS.
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“Kuyisimo esinqumayo ukuthi ulwandle, lapho impilo yaqala khona khona manje kufanele lusongelwe yimisebenzi yohlobo olulodwa lwaleyo mpilo. Kepha ulwandle, noma luguqulwe ngendlela embi, luzoqhubeka lukhona; usongo lukule mpilo uqobo. ”
- URachel Carson, Ulwandle Oluzungezile
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Yize umkhumbi wezempi wasolwandle uthi, “Ayikho indlela yamanje yokuchayeka ephelele yabantu kusuka ekukhishweni kwe-PFAS kuya noma ekucinyweni kwama-base receptors,” babheka kuphela imithombo yamanzi okuphuza, futhi nalokhu kufuna kungaphonselwa inselelo. Amakhaya amaningi emphakathini wase-Hermanville wase-Afrika ikakhulukazi, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga naseningizimu ye-Pax River base, anikezwa ngamanzi emithombo. I-navy yenqabile ukuvivinya le mithombo, isho ukuthi yonke i-PFAS esuka esisekelweni igijimela eChesapeake Bay.
I-navy ithi, “Indlela yokufuduka eya kuma-receptors atholakele eduze nangaphandle komngcele wesisekelo ngemithombo yangasese yokuhambisa amanzi ayibonakali iphelele ngokususelwa ekugelezeni kwamanzi angaphezulu nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuqondiswa kokugeleza kwalezi zindaba ezimbili kukude nemiphakathi yangasese etholakala ezinhlangothini ezisentshonalanga naseningizimu yeSiteshi kanti ukuqondiswa kokugeleza kubheke emfuleni iPatuxent naseChesapeake Bay ngasenyakatho nasempumalanga. ”
Umkhumbi wasemanzini awuvivinyi imithombo yomphakathi ngoba bathi bonke ubuthi bungena olwandle. UMnyango wezeMpilo esifundeni iSt Mary's uthi uyakwethemba okutholwe ngabasolwandle maqondana nemiphumela enobuthi yokungcola.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uzame ukuya emhlanganweni we-RAB ohlelelwe umhlaka-28 Ephreli, kusukela ngo-6: 00 ntambama kuya ku-7: 00 ntambama. Bona imiyalo yokujoyina umhlangano lapha.
I-navy ifuna imibuzo emphakathini mayelana ne-PFAS ePax River naseWebster Field nge-imeyili ku pax_rab@navy.mil Imibuzo ethunyelwe nge-imeyili izokwamukelwa kuze kube uLwesihlanu, Ephreli 16.
Nayi imibuzo eyisampula embalwa:
- Ingabe kulungile ukudla i-rockfish?
- KULUNGILE yini ukudla izinkalankala?
- KULUNGILE yini ukudla izimbaza?
- Ngabe ezinye izinhlanzi zifana nebala kanye ne-perch KULUNGILE ukudliwa?
- Ingabe inyama yenyamazane ilungile ukuyidla? (Kuvinjelwe ngaseWurtsmuth AFB eMichigan enamazinga aphansi ePFAS emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kuneSt. Inigoes Creek.)
- Uzozihlola nini izinhlanzi nezilwane zasendle?
- Ulala kanjani ebusuku?
- Ngabe amanzi emithombo engamamayela ama-5 ukufakwa ngokuphelele awanayo i-PFAS evela esisekelweni?
- Kungani ungazihloleli zonke izinhlobo zePFAS?
- Ngabe ugcina malini i-PFAS okwamanje?
- Bhala zonke izindlela ezisetshenziswa yi-PFAS ngesisekelo nokuthi usebenzisa malini.
- Kwenzekani kwimidiya engcolile esisekelweni? Ingabe kugcwaliswe umhlaba? Ingabe ithunyelwa ngomlilo ukuze ishiswe? Noma ingabe ishiywe endaweni?
- Ingakanani iPFAS ethunyelwa eMarlay-Taylor Wastewater Reclamation Facility ezofakwa kwiBig Pine Run engena ethekwini?
- Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi iHangar 2133 ePax River ibe nokufundwa okuphansi ngokumangazayo kwePFOS e135.83 ppt? Kube nokukhishwa okuningi kwe-AFFF ngo-2002, 2005, nango-2010 kusuka ohlelweni lokucindezela ku-hangar. Okungenani esigamekweni esisodwa lonke uhlelo luye ngokungazi. I-AFFF ingabonakala phansi kwesikhukhula esiholela emseleni wokudonsa amanzi bese uphumela ethekwini.
