by Kathy Kelly. April 27, 2017
Ngomhla zingama-26 kuMbasa wezi-2017, edolobheni elisethekwini laseYemen iHodeidah, umfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi okade ulwa eYemen eminyakeni emibili edlule waphonsa amapheshana azisa izakhamuzi zaseHodeidah ngokuhlasela okuzayo. Ipheshana elilodwa lalifundeka kanje:
“Amandla ethu asemthethweni abheke ukukhulula iHodeidah futhi aqede ukuhlupheka kwabantu bethu baseYemeni abanomusa. Joyina uhulumeni wakho osemthethweni ovuna iYemen ekhululekile nejabulisayo. "
Futhi enye: "Ukulawulwa kwechweba laseHodeidah ngamasosha amaphekula aseHouthi kuzokhulisa indlala futhi kuvimbe ukulethwa kosizo lwamazwe ngamazwe kubantu bakithi abanomusa baseYemeni."
Impela amapheshana amele ingxenye eyodwa yezimpi ezididayo neziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu e-Yemen. Uma kubhekwa imibiko ethusayo mayelana nezimo zendlala eziseduze eYemen, kubonakala sengathi ukuphela “kohlangothi” lwezimiso zokuziphatha abantu bangaphandle abangalukhetha kungaba olwabantwana nemindeni ekhungethwe indlala nezifo.
Nokho i-US ithathe isinqumo sokuthatha uhlangothi lomfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi. Cabanga ngombiko weReuters, ngo-Ephreli 19, 2017, ngemuva kokuba uNobhala Wezokuvikela wase-US uJames Mattis ehlangene nezikhulu eziphezulu zaseSaudi. Ngokombiko, izikhulu zaseMelika zathi "ukwesekwa kwe-US komfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi kwaxoxwa ngakho okuhlanganisa nokuthi yiluphi olunye usizo i-United States engalunikeza, okuhlanganisa nokusekelwa okungenzeka kwezobunhloli ..." Umbiko weReuters uphawula ukuthi uMatis ukholelwa "Ithonya le-Iran eliphazamisayo eMpumalanga Ephakathi kuzofanele linqotshwe ukuze kuqedwe ukungqubuzana eYemen, njengoba i-United States ilinganisa ukwesekwa okwandayo kumfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi elwa lapho. "
I-Iran kungenzeka ihlinzeka ngezikhali ezithile kubavukeli baseHouthi, kodwa ikubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi yikuphi ukwesekwa yi-US kumfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi. Kusukela ngo-March 21, 2016, I-Human Rights Watch kubika ukuthengiswa kwezikhali okulandelayo, ngo-2015 kuhulumeni waseSaudi:
· July 2015, US Defence Department kuvunyelwe inani lokuthengiswa kwezikhali eSaudi Arabia, okuhlanganisa nesivumelwano se-US $ 5.4 billion seMicibisholo ye-Patriot engu-600 kanye ne-$ 500 million. ukuphatha ngezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwesigidi, amabhomu esandla, nezinye izinto, zebutho laseSaudi.
· Ngokusho the Ukubuyekezwa kweCongress yase-US, phakathi kukaMeyi noSepthemba, i-US idayisele amaSaudi izikhali ezibiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.8.
· Ngo-Okthoba, uhulumeni wase-US kuvunyelwe ukudayiswa eSaudi Arabia kwemikhumbi emine ye-Lockheed Littoral Combat ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11.25.
· NgoNovemba, i-US isayinwe isivumelwano sezikhali neSaudi Arabia esibiza u-$1.29 billion wezikhali zezikhali ezithuthukisiwe ezingaphezu kweziyi-10,000 ezihlanganisa amabhomu aqondiswa nge-laser, amabhomu “e-bunker buster”, kanye namabhomu enhloso ejwayelekile ye-MK84; amaSaudis awasebenzise womathathu eYemen.
Ukubika ngeqhaza le-United Kingdom ekuthengiseleni amaSaudi izikhali, Ukuthula Izindaba uyaphawula ukuthi “Selokhu kwaqala ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngoMashi 2015, i-UK inelayisensi ngaphezulu Izikhali ezingabiza u-£3.3bn kuhulumeni, okuhlanganisa:
- Amalayisense e-ML2.2 abiza u-£10 bn (izindiza, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, ama-drones)
- U-£1.1 bn wamalayisensi e-ML4 (amabhomu, amabhomu, imicibisholo, izindlela zokuphikisa)
- Amalayisense e-ML430,000 abiza u-£6 (izimoto zezikhali, amathangi)
Wenzeni umfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi ngazo zonke lezi zikhali? A UKhomishani Omkhulu Wezizwe Ezihlangene wamalungelo Abantu Ithimba lochwepheshe lithole ukuthi:
"Okungenani zingu-3,200 izakhamizi ezibulewe kwathi ezingama-5,700 zalimala selokhu kwaqala ukusebenza kwamasosha omfelandawonye, amaphesenti angama-60 kubo ekuhlaseleni kwezindiza zomfelandawonye."
A Umbiko weHuman Rights Watch, ebhekisela kulokho okutholwe yithimba le-UN, iphawula ukuthi leli thimba labhala ngokuhlaselwa kwamakamu abantu abafudukezwe ngaphakathi kanye nababaleki; imibuthano yezakhamuzi, kuhlanganise nemishado; izimoto zomphakathi, okuhlanganisa namabhasi; izindawo zokuhlala izakhamuzi; izikhungo zezokwelapha; izikole; ama-mosque; izimakethe, izimboni kanye nezindawo zokugcina ukudla; kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda ezibalulekile zabantu, njengesikhumulo sezindiza e-Sana'a, itheku eliseHodeidah kanye nemizila yezokuthutha yasekhaya.”
Okhrayini abahlanu eHodeidah abebesetshenziswa ukwehlisa impahla emikhunjini efika edolobheni elisethekwini bacekelwe phansi yizindiza zaseSaudi. U-70% wokudla waseYemen udlula edolobheni eliyitheku.
Izindiza zomfelandawonye waseSaudi zishaye okungenani izibhedlela ezine ezisekelwa yizo Odokotela Abangenayo Imingcele.
Ngenxa yalokhu okutholwe, amapheshana andiza ehla ezindiza zaseSaudi edolobheni elicindezelwe iHodeidah, ekhuthaza izakhamizi ukuthi zihambisane namaSaudis "esivundeni iYemen ekhululekile nejabulisayo" abonakala eyinqaba kakhulu.
Izinhlangano ze-UN ziye zakhala ngokusiza abantu. Nokho indima edlalwe uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ekuceleni izingxoxo ibonakala igezekile. Ngo-Ephreli 14, 2016, I-UN Security Council Resolution 2216 yafuna "ukuba wonke amaqembu ezweni elixabene, ikakhulukazi amaHouthis, aqede ngokushesha udlame ngaphandle kwemibandela futhi agweme ezinye izenzo ezihlangene ezisongela uguquko lwezepolitiki." Akukho lapho iSaudi Arabia okukhulunywa ngayo kuSinqumo.
Ekhuluma ngoDisemba 19, 2016, uSheila Carpico, uProfesa Wesayensi Yezombangazwe eNyuvesi yaseRichmond kanye nochwepheshe ophambili waseYemen obize uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN uxhase izingxoxo njengehlaya elinonya.
Lezi zingxoxo zisekelwe ezinqumweni zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN 2201 futhi 2216. Isinqumo esingu-2216 sangomhla ziyi-14 kuMbasa wezi-2015, sifundeka sengathi iSaudi Arabia ingumxazululi ongakhethi kunokuba ibe yingxenye yengxabano ekhulayo, futhi njengokungathi “uhlelo lwenguquko” lwe-GCC lunikeza “inqubo enokuthula, ebandakanyayo, ehlelekile futhi eholwa yi-Yemeni ihlangabezana nezidingo ezisemthethweni kanye nezifiso zabantu baseYemeni, kuhlanganisa nabesifazane. "
Nakuba kungakapheli amasonto amathathu ekungeneleleni okuholwa yiSaudi, iphini likanobhala-jikelele we-UN wamalungelo abantu lathi iningi labantu abangama-600 asebebulewe bebeyizisulu zezindiza zaseSaudi kanye neCoalition, i-UNSC 2216 icele kuphela "amaqembu ase-Yemeni" ukuthi aqede ukuhlaselwa. ukusetshenziswa kodlame. Akuzange kukhulunywe ngokungenelela okuholwa yiSaudi. Kwakungekho sicelo esifanayo sokumisa isikhashana kosizo noma iphasishi.
Isinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN sibonakala siyinqaba njengamapheshana alethwe amajethi aseSaudi.
