By Isikhungo seZero seGround for Action Nonviolent Action, Januwari 19, 2021
Kuqala ngoJanuwari 18, amabhodi amabhodi amane azungeze iPuget Sound azokhombisa isimemezelo somsebenzi womphakathi esikhokhelwayo (PSA): IZIKHALI ZENULELE ZIVinjelwe UKWELASHWA OKUSHA KWE-UN; Bakhiphe kuPuget Sound! Kufakwe kulo mkhangiso isithombe somkhumbi wasemanzini wase-US somkhumbi-ngwenya we-Trident u-USS Henry M. Jackson ubuyela echwebeni kulandela indlela ejwayelekile yokuvikela ukuqapha.
Isikhangiso sifuna ukwazisa izakhamizi esifundeni sePuget Sound ngokuqala ukusebenza kweSivumelwano Esivimbela Izikhali Zenyukliya (TPNW), futhi sicela nezakhamizi ukuthi zamukele indima yazo kanye nomthwalo wazo - njengabakhokhi bentela, njengamalungu omphakathi wentando yeningi. , futhi njengabomakhelwane besikhungo sangaphansi kwamatilosi enuzi iTrident eHood Canal - ukusebenza ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi.
Amabhodi amabhodi amane azotholakala eSeattle, eTacoma, nasePort Orchard, futhi angukusebenzisana phakathi, futhi akhokhelwa yiGround Zero Center yeNonviolent Action kanye World Beyond War.
Isivumelwano Sokuvinjelwa
I-TPNW izoqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 22. Lesi sivumelwano asivimbeli ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi kuphela, kodwa konke okuphathelene nezikhali zenuzi –kwenza kube ngokungemthetho ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba ukuthi amazwe abambe iqhaza “athuthukise, avivinye, akhiqize, akhiqize, ngaphandle kwalokho athole, abe, noma agcine izikhali zenuzi noma enye inuzi. izinto eziqhumayo. ”
Yize ukwenqatshelwa kwalesi sivumelwano kubopha ngokusemthethweni kuphela emazweni (angama-51 kuze kube manje) asephenduke ama “States Parties” kulesi sivumelwano, leyo mingcele idlula nje imisebenzi yohulumeni. I-Article 1 (e) yalesi sivumelwano inqabela amaPhathi Amazwe ukuthi asize “noma ngubani” owenza noma iyiphi yaleyo misebenzi engavunyelwe, kufaka phakathi izinkampani ezizimele kanye nabantu abangabandakanyeka ebhizinisini lezikhali zenuzi.
Amazwe amaningi azojoyina i-TPNW ezinyangeni naseminyakeni ezayo, futhi ingcindezi ezinkampanini ezizimele ezibandakanyeka ebhizinisini lezikhali zenuzi zizoqhubeka nokukhula. Lezi zinkampani sezivele zibhekene nengcindezi yomphakathi neyezezimali hhayi kuphela evela kuma-States Parties, kepha nakwamanye amazwe abo. Izimali ezimbili kwezinhlanu ezinkulu zempesheni emhlabeni sezihlukanisiwe nezikhali zenuzi, nezinye izinhlangano zezezimali zilandela isibonelo sazo.
Izikhali zenuzi zisatholakala ikakhulu ngoba izinkampani ezibandakanyeka ebhizinisini zisebenzisa amandla amakhulu kangako phezu kwezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni nokuthatha izinqumo, ikakhulukazi e-United States. Bangabanye babaxhasi abakhulu emikhankasweni yokhetho olwenziwe kabusha lwengqungquthela. Bachitha izigidi zamaRandi kuma-lobbyists eWashington, DC
Inqubomgomo yase-US maqondana nezikhali zenuzi izoshintsha lapho lezo zinkampani ezibandakanya izikhali zenuzi ziqala ukuzwa ingcindezi yangempela evela ku-TPNW futhi zibona ukuthi ikusasa lazo lincike ekuhlukaniseni imisebenzi yazo kude nezikhali zenuzi.
INaval Base Kitsap-Bangor itholakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka emadolobheni aseSilverdale nasePoulsbo futhi iyikhaya lasekhaya eliya ekuhlolweni okukhulu kwezikhali zenuzi e-US Izimpi zenuzi zithunyelwe emicibisholo yeTrident D-5 emikhunjini engaphansi komhlaba ye-SSBN futhi zigcinwe ku indawo yokugcina impahla yezikhali zenuzi ngaphansi.
Ukusondela kwethu enanini elikhulu kunazo zonke lezikhali zenuzi ezisetshenzisiwe kudinga ukucatshangelwa okujulile nokuphendula osongweni lwempi yenuzi.
Uhlelo lweTrident Nuclear Weapon System
Kunemikhumbi engaphansi kolwandle eyisishiyagalombili yeTrident SSBN efakwe eBangor. Kuthunyelwe imikhumbi engaphansi kwemikhumbi eyisithupha eTrident SSBN oGwini lwaseMpumalanga eKings Bay, eGeorgia.
Umkhumbi owodwa we-Trident uphethe amabutho abhubhisayo angaphezu kwamabhomu we-1,200 Hiroshima (ibhomu le-Hiroshima lalingamakhilogrethi e-15).
Umkhumbi-ngwenya ngamunye weTrident ekuqaleni wawuhlonyiselwe imicibisholo engama-24 eTrident. Ngo-2015-2017 amashubhu omcibisholo amane akhutshazwa kulolwasemanzini ngalunye ngenxa Yesivumelwano Esisha SOKUQALA. Njengamanje, i-Trident submarine ngayinye ithumela ngemicibisholo engu-20 D-5 kanye nemicibisholo yempi yenuzi engaba ngu-90 (isilinganiso samakhanda empi angama-4-5 ngomcibisholo ngamunye). Ama-warheads angaba yi-W76-1 90-kiloton noma i-W88 455-kiloton warheads.
I-Navy ekuqaleni kuka-2020 yaqala ukuthumela entsha I-W76-2 i-warhead yesivuno esiphansi (cishe amakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili) kwimicibisholo ekhethiwe yemikhumbi yasemanzini eBangor (kulandela ukuthunyelwa kokuqala e-Atlantic ngoDisemba 2019). Ikhanda lempi lathunyelwa ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwezikhali zenuzi zaseRussia, okuyingozi ukudala i umkhawulo ophansi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamandla zenuzi zase-US.
Noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwe izikhali zenuzi ngokumelene nomunye umbuso wezikhali zenuzi kungenzeka uvuse impendulo ngezikhali zenuzi, kubangele ukufa okukhulu nokubhujiswa. Ngaphandle kwe- imiphumela eqondile kubaphikisi, ukuwa okunemisebe ehambisanayo kuzothinta abantu bakwezinye izizwe. Imithelela yabantu kanye nezomnotho emhlabeni wonke ibizodlula kude ukucabanga, kanye nemiyalo yobukhulu engaphezu kwemiphumela yesifo se-coronavirus.
UHans M. Kristensen ingumthombo wochwepheshe walesi sitatimende, "I-Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor ... enezikhali ezinkulu kakhulu ezisetshenzisiwe e-US" (Bheka imithombo yolwazi ekhonjiwe lapha futhi laphaUMnu. Kristensen ungumqondisi we Iphrojekthi yolwazi lweNyukliya ngesikhathi I-Federation of American Scientists lapho anikezela khona umphakathi ngokuhlaziya nemininingwane engemuva ngesimo semikhosi yenuzi kanye neqhaza lezikhali zenuzi.
Amabhodi wamabhodi angumzamo Isikhungo seZero seGround for Action Nonviolent Action, inhlangano yezimpande zotshani ePoulsbo, eWashington, ukuvusa umphakathi ukuqaphela ngobungozi bezikhali zenuzi esifundeni sasePuget Sound.
Isibopho somphakathi nezikhali zenuzi
Ukuba seduze kwethu nenani elikhulu kakhulu lezikhali zenuzi ezisetshenzisiwe kusibeka eduze kosongo oluyingozi lwasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Lapho izakhamizi ziqaphela indima yazo ethembeni lempi yenuzi, noma ingozi yengozi yenuzi, udaba aluseyona into engekho. Ukusondela kwethu eBangor kudinga impendulo ejulile.
Izakhamizi ezisembusweni wentando yeningi nazo zinezibopho - ezibandakanya ukukhetha abaholi bethu nokuhlala unolwazi ngalokho okwenziwa uhulumeni wethu. Isizinda sangaphansi kolwandle eBangor singamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka enkabeni yedolobha iSeattle, kepha amaphesenti amancane kuphela ezakhamizi esifundeni sethu awaziyo ukuthi i-Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor ikhona.
Izakhamizi zaseWashington State zihlala zikhetha izikhulu zikahulumeni ezisekela izikhali zenuzi eWashington State. Ngawo-1970, uSenator uHenry Jackson waqinisekisa iPentagon ukuthi ithole isikebhe sangaphansi kolwandle iTrident kuHood Canal, kuyilapho uSenator uWarren Magnuson ethola uxhaso lwemigwaqo neminye imithelela ebangelwe yisisekelo seTrident. Umkhumbi-ngwenya weTrident okuwukuphela kwawo ozoqanjwa ngegama lomuntu (futhi owake waba yiSenator Yethu YaseWashington State) yi- USS UHenry M. Jackson (SSBN-730), ethwelwe ekhaya eNavy Base Kitsap-Bangor.
Ngo-2012, iWashington State yasungula i I-Washington Military Alliance (WMA), ephakanyiswe kakhulu yibo bobabili uGrigre Giregoire no-Inslee. I-WMA, uMnyango Wezokuvikela, nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni zisebenza ukuqinisa iqhaza le Uhulumeni waseWashington njenge "…Ipulatifomu Yokubona Amandla (Strategic Ports, Rail, Roads, and Airports) [enezikhungo ezihambisanayo zomoya, umhlaba nolwandle ukuze kufezwe lo msebenzi. ” Futhi bona “amandla kagesi. "
INaval Base Kitsap-Bangor kanye nohlelo lwangaphansi kolwandle iTrident kuye kwavela selokhu umkhumbi wamanzi wokuqala weTrident wafika ngo-Agasti 1982. isisekelo sithuthukisiwe kumcibisholo omkhulu kakhulu we-D-5 onesihloko esikhulu sempi se-W88 (455 kiloton), ngokuqhubeka kwesimanjemanje kokuqondiswa kwemicibisholo nezinhlelo zokulawula. I-Navy isanda kufaka abancane I-W76-2 "Isivuno esiphansi" noma isikhali se-nyukleyitha (cishe amakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili) kwimicibisholo ekhethiwe engaphansi komkhumbi e-Bangor, okwenza ingozi ephansi yokusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi.
Izingqinamba
- I-US isebenzisa imali eningi ku- izikhali zenuzi izinhlelo kunangesikhathi sokuphakama kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
- I-US njengamanje ihlela ukusebenzisa imali elinganiselwe $ 1.7 isigidintathu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yokwakha kabusha izikhungo zezwe zenuzi nokwakha izikhali zenuzi zesimanje.
- I-New York Times ibike ukuthi i-US, iRussia kanye China baphishekela ngesihluku isizukulwane esisha sezikhali zenuzi ezincane nezingacekeli phansi. Ama-buildups asabisa ukuvuselela a Umjaho wezingalo ezibandayo futhi ungamisi ukulingana kwamandla phakathi kwezizwe.
- I-US Navy ithi I-SSBN Imikhumbi-ngwenya ehamba ngezinyawo ihlinzeka i-US “ngesiteleka sayo esisinda kakhulu futhi esihlala njalo.” Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-SSBN ethekwini kanye namakhanda empi enuzi agcinwe e-SWFPAC inhloso yokuqala empini yenuzi. Google izithombe kusuka ngo-2018 kukhombisa ama-subtrami amathathu e-SSBN emgodini wamanzi waseHood Canal.
- Ingozi ebandakanya izikhali zenuzi yenzeke ngomhla ka November 2003 lapho iladi lingena emakhaleni ekhaleni lenuzi ngesikhathi kulayishwa imicibisholo ejwayelekile e-Explosives Handling Wharf eBangor. Yonke imisebenzi yokuphatha imicibisholo e-SWFPAC yamiswa amasonto ayisishiyagalolunye kuze kube uBangor angaqinisekiswa kabusha ngokuphatha izikhali zenuzi. Abaphathi abathathu abaphezulu badutshulwa, kepha umphakathi awuzange waziswe kuze kube yilapho imininingwane isithola kwabezindaba ngoMashi 2004.
- Izimpendulo zomphakathi ezivela ezikhulwini zikahulumeni engozini yemicibisholo yango-2003 zazivame ukuba ngesimo se Ukumangala futhi ukudumala.
- Ngenxa yezinhlelo eziqhubekayo zesimanje nezokulungisa ama-warheads eBangor, izimpi zenuzi zithunyelwa njalo ngamaloli angamakiwe phakathi koMnyango Wezamandla i-Pantex Plant ngase-Amarillo, eTexas naseBangor base. Ngokungafani neNavy eBangor, i- DOE ikhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukulungiswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.
Izikhangiso zeBillboard
Izikhangiso ezine zamabhodi zizoboniswaihlelwe kusukela ngoJanuwari 18th kuze kube nguFebhuwari 14th, futhi linganisa u-10 ft. 6 ngaphakathi. ubude ngo-22 ft. 9 ubude. Amabhodi ezikhangiso aseduze kwalezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- IPort Orchard: State Highway 16, 300 amamitha eningizimu ye-State Highway 3
- Seattle: Aurora Avenue North, Ningizimu yeN Street 41
- Seattle: Denny Way, empumalanga yeTaylor Avenue North
- I-Tacoma: Pacific Avenue, amamitha angu-90 eningizimu ye-129th. ISt. East
Isithombe somkhumbi-ngwenya esikhangisweni sivela kuwebhusayithi ye-US Navy DVIDS, ku- https://www.dvidshub.net/image/1926528/uss-henry-m-jackson-returns-patrol. Isihloko sesithombe sithi:
BANGOR, Wash. (Meyi 5, 2015) I-USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN 730) ihamba ngomkhumbi ibuyela ekhaya eNaval Base Kitsap-Bangor kulandela inqubo ejwayelekile yokuvikela ukuqapha. UJackson ungomunye wemikhumbi-ngwenya yemicibisholo yemicibisholo ebekwe phansi enikeza umlenze ongasinda weqhinga lokunqanda i-United States. (Isithombe se-US Navy nguLt. Cmdr. UBrian Badura / Ukhululiwe)
Izikhali zenuzi nokumelana
Ngawo-1970 nawo-1980, izinkulungwane zabonisa ukulwa nezikhali zenuzi endaweni yaseBangor futhi amakhulu baboshwa. Seattle UMbhishobhi Hunthausen wayememezele isikebhe sangaphansi kolwandle iBangor njenge- “Auschwitz of Puget Sound” kwathi ngo-1982 waqala ukubamba uhhafu wentela yakhe yenhlangano ekhalaza “ngokuqhubeka kwesizwe sethu emncintiswaneni wokuphakama kwezikhali zenuzi.”
Umkhumbi-ngwenya owodwa we-Trident SSBN eBangor ulinganiselwa ukuthi uthwala cishe izingqimba zempi yenuzi ezingama-90. Izimpi ze-W76 ne-W88 eBangor ziyalingana ngokulandelana kuma-kilotons angama-90 kanye nama-kilotoni angama-455 we-TNT emandleni okubhubhisa. Umkhumbi-ngwenya owodwa othunyelwe eBangor ulingana namabhomu enuzi angaphezulu kwe-1,200 alingana neHiroshima.
NgoMeyi 27, 2016, UMongameli Obama wakhuluma eHiroshima futhi wanxusa ukuba kuphele izikhali zenuzi. Uthe amandla enuzi “… kumele abe nesibindi sokubalekela ukwesaba, aphishekele umhlaba ngaphandle kwawo.” U-Obama wengeze, "Kumele sishintshe indlela esicabanga ngayo ngempi uqobo."
Mayelana neGround Zero Center ye-Nonviolent Action
Sasungulwa ngonyaka we-1977. Lesi sikhungo sise-3.8 esingamahektare ahlangane ne-Trident submarine base eBangor, Washington. IGround Zero Center for Nonviolent Action inikeza ithuba lokuhlola izimpande zodlame nokungabi nabulungisa emhlabeni wethu kanye nokuzwa amandla aguqukayo othando ngezenzo eziqondile ezingenabudlova. Simelana nazo zonke izikhali zenuzi, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwe-Trident ballistic missile system.
Imicimbi elandelayo ehlobene neZero:
Izishoshovu zeGround Zero Centre zizobe ziphethe amabhanela ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwalezi zindawo ezungeze iPuget Sound ngoJanuwari 22nd, usuku i-TPNW eqala ukusebenza ngalo:
- ISeattle, indawo eyeqa phakathi kwe-5 e-NE 145th Street, eqala ngo-10: 00 AM
- IPoulsbo, iSherman Hill idlula kuHighway 3, eqala ngo-10: 00 AM
- IBremerton, iLoxie Egans yeqa umgwaqo omkhulu 3, iqala ngo-2: 30 PM
Amabhanela azobe ephethe umyalezo ofana nezikhangiso ze-billboard.
Ngicela uhlole www.gzcenter.org ngezibuyekezo.
