ngu-Brienne Kordis, Agasti 10, 2017, Amaphupho ajwayelekile.
Sekuphele izinyanga amasosha kahulumeni ehlukumeza abantu base-Awamiyah esifundazweni saseSaudi Arabia esisempumalanga ye-al-Qatif. NgoMeyi 10, amaSaudis umkhankaso umkhankaso wezempi wokubhidliza i-Al-Mosawarah, indawo eneminyaka engu-400 ubudala eyisikhungo esibalulekile samasiko namagugu samaSulumane amaShia acishe abe ngu-30,000 ahlala lapho. Ochwepheshe be-UN- okuhlanganisa Umlobi Okhethekile Wamalungelo Ezamasiko uKarima Bennoune- esibizwa ukuze amaSaudis amise ukubhidlizwa kwezindlu ngemuva kokuthi izakhamuzi zendawo zixhumanise imibhikisho, kodwa umbuso waqhubeka nezinhlelo zawo ngaphansi kwesihenqo sentuthuko nokuphepha.
Okwaqala njengomkhankaso wezempi omelene nokuphikisana kwabantu bendawo nokubhidlizwa kwezindlu kanye nemizamo yokubamba amadoda ayishumi aphikisana nokwakhiwa kabusha kwentuthuko—amanje uhulumeni wawo abizwa ngokuthi amaphekula—sekuphenduke ukuvinjezelwa okuchitha igazi okushiye inqwaba yabantu beshonile, abaningi belimele. , futhi cishe 20,000 susiwe. Akuqinisekwa ukuthi la madoda angobani noma ahlobene nobani, kodwa iSaudi Arabia inedumela elibi ngokuhlukanisa njalo abaphikisana nezishoshovu njengezitha zombuso, okuhlanganisa nesishoshovu samaShia esaziwayo. USheikh Nimr al-Nimr, owabulawa ngokungafanele nguhulumeni ngamacala angacacile obushokobezi ngoJanuwari 2016.
Idolobhana laziwa ngemibhikisho yalo ephikisana nohulumeni. I ukuphikiswa kwabantu bendawo embusweni waseSaudi bekulokhu kukhuphuka kusukela imibhikisho emelene nohulumeni "i-Arab Spring" eyasakazekela eMpumalanga Ephakathi ngo-2011. AmaSaudis azama ukusebenzisa ukumelana "nokuvuselela" kwendawo yase-Al-Mosawarah njengezaba. ukwenza isibonelo salokho okwenzekayo lapho abantu bevukela i-Riyadh.
Akukhona okokuqala ukuthi amaSaudi aqondise inani lawo lamaShia. Cishe amaphesenti ayi-10-15 amaSaudis angamaShia, futhi iningi lawo lihlala esifundazweni esisempumalanga. Lesi sifunda yiso esinowoyela kakhulu embusweni, kodwa abantu abahlala kuleyo ndawo bancishwe inyumbazane ngokwezomnotho. AmaShia aphathwa njengezakhamuzi ezisezingeni lesibili. Abanakho ukufinyelela okulinganayo kwemfundo, umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala, noma ukukhulekela. Uhulumeni unomlando wokudiliza ngokungafanele amasonto amaShia nezinye izinhlaka zomphakathi.
Ngonyaka odlule, iNkosana yoMqhele waseSaudi Mohammed bin Salman kumemezela izifiso zakhe zokwakha “izwe eliphumelelayo lapho zonke izakhamuzi zingafeza amaphupho, amathemba kanye nezifiso zazo.” Angalihlelela kanjani ikusasa elinjalo lapho iSaudi Arabia icindezela ngobudlova abantu bayo abangamaShia futhi ibaphika—nabanye embusweni—amalungelo abo abantu ayisisekelo?
Isimo samanje sibi. Ogandaganda baye inqotshwe I-Awamiyah nezikhali ezisindayo, njenge amabhomu enganono, zethulwa ngokumelene nedolobha lamaShia. Amabutho ezempi asuke eqonde ngqo kubantu abasemgwaqweni nasezimotweni zabo. Ngokuphola okukodwa ividiyo,ungezwa amasosha ehalalisa njengoba edubula. Amathangi ezikhali ginqaka emigwaqweni emikhulu nezindawo ezingomakhelwane ngokufana, ukugoqa izindlu namabhizinisi ngokungakhethi.
Iziphathimandla ziye zakwenza lokho okuhlosiwe ingqalasizinda yedolobha, ukunqamula ugesi namanzi ngokungahleliwe kumashumi ezinkulungwane zezakhamizi. Amasosha kahulumeni nawo avale isikhungo sezokwelapha kanye nesikhungo sezicishamlilo, okudale umonakalo omkhulu.
Izithombe eziphuma ku-Awamiyah ziqhubeke social media ngabantu bendawo abavaleleke noma ababaleka edolobheni lakubo babonisa izigcawu ze-warzone. Izakhiwo eziqhunyiswe ngamabhomu zimi phakathi kwezinqwaba zemfucumfucu. Nalezo ezisamile zigcwele izimbobo zezinhlamvu noma zibe mnyama ngenxa yokulimala kwemililo enganakiwe. Imizimba eshisiwe futhi egcwele izinhlamvu ingaba wambona elele emgwaqeni noma elenga ezimotweni abadutshulwe kuzo; abantu besaba kakhulu ukuphuma ezindlini zabo, ngisho nokuqoqa abafileyo babo.
Izakhamizi ezifuna ukubalekela udlame zinikezwe amafasitela amancane ukuze zibaleke edolobheni elivinjezelwe, futhi kudingeke ukuthi zisukume. amafulegi amhlophe ukumemezela ubumsulwa babo. Amasosha asebenzisa elinye ithuba ngosizi lwezakhamizi futhi kubikiwe begebenga izindlu ezishiyiwe ukuze bathole izinto imikhaya engakwazi ukuhamba nazo.
Ukufinyelela ku-Awamiyah kunqunyelwe ngenxa yokuvalwa okufana nempi okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlola zamasosha ukuze ungene futhi uphume edolobheni. Izintatheli zakwamanye amazwe kanye namanxusa akhona kuvinjelwe ekuvakasheni ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuchayeka kwemidiya okuqondile ohlangothini lweSaudi Arabia umndeni wasebukhosini ongafuni umhlaba ukubone. Amanye amasosha, nokho, awanamahloni ngezinhloso zawo nenzondo yawo ngamaShia. Izithombe namavidiyo athunyelwe Twitter kuveza amasosha ehlohla izibhamu futhi ebiza ukuthi kuhlanzwe umphakathi wamaShia.
Ukuhlaselwa kuka-Awamiyah kwaba iyaqhubeka ngesikhathi uTrump evakashele ngokusemthethweni eSaudi Arabia, kodwa usomabhizinisi owaphendukela umongameli wayengazi lutho ngokuvinjezelwa noma wakhetha ukungazifaki engozini isivumelwano sezigidigidi zamadola nabaphathi bakhe basebukhosini ngokuveza ukwephulwa kwabo okucacile kwamalungelo abantu.
Ekhuluma ngamadili, abaseCanada Wathola ukuthi izimoto zezikhali ababezinikeza iSaudi Arabia zazisetshenziswa ekuvimbezeleni izakhamuzi ezingenacala. Izishoshovu zenzekile kusukela lapho esibizwa ngokumiswa kwesivumelwano sezikhali sika-$15 billion phakathi kwe-Ottawa ne-Riyadh. I-Canada ingeyesibili ngobukhulu umphakeli wezikhali eziya eSaudi Arabia, eyokuqala kwaba yi-United States.
Inhlekelele eyehlela u-Awamiyah yenziwa yenzeke—noma okungenani ibe yingozi kakhulu—ngalokhu kuthengiswa kwezikhali okukhulu, ikakhulukazi okuvela e-US naseCanada. Ukuze kuvinjwe ukucekelwa phansi okuqhubekayo kanye nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu, ohulumeni abenza lezi zivumelwano neSaudi Arabia kumele bacabangele imiphumela ebulalayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi amaSaudis abulala abantu bawo, kodwa ngokubathengisela izikhali zokukwenza, izandla zethu zinegazi ngokufanayo.
