UPedro Castillo ekhuluma emcimbini womkhankaso. Isithombe: AP
NguMedea Benjamin noLeonardo Flores, CODEPINK, Juni 8, i-2021
Ngesigqoko sakhe sabampofu esinomphetho obanzi kanye nepensela likathisha omkhulu ophakanyiselwe phezulu, uPedro Castillo wasePeru ubelokhu ehambela izwe lonke enxusa abavoti ukuba babuyele ocingweni ebeliphuthuma kakhulu phakathi nalolu bhubhane olubhubhisayo: “No más pobres en un país rico” - Cha abantu abampofu kakhulu ezweni elicebile. Ku-cliffhanger okhethweni olunokuhlukaniswa okukhulu kwedolobha-nezindawo zasemakhaya kanye nezigaba, kubonakala sengathi uthisha wasezindaweni zasemakhaya, umlimi kanye nomholi wezinyunyana usezoqopha umlando ngokunqoba –ngaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa - ikhandidethi elinamandla angakwesokudla kakhulu uKeiko Fujimori, scion “wobukhosi baseFujimori” bezombusazwe.
UFujimori uphonsela inselelo imiphumela yokhetho, esola ukukhwabanisa okusabalele. Umkhankaso wakhe wethule kuphela ubufakazi bokungahambi ngendlela efanele, futhi kuze kube manje akukho okuphakamisa ivoti elonakele. Kodwa-ke, angaphonsela inselelo amanye amavoti ukuthi abambezele imiphumela yokugcina, futhi njengase-US, ngisho nezinsolo zokukhwabanisa kwalowo ozoqokelwa ukhetho kuzodala ukungaqiniseki futhi kuvuse ukungezwani ezweni.
Ukunqoba kukaCastillo kuzophawuleka hhayi kuphela ngoba unguthisha ongakwesobunxele oyindodana yabalimi abangafundile futhi umkhankaso wakhe wasetshenziswa kakhulu nguFujimori, kepha kwaba nokuhlaselwa okungamanga okuphikisayo ngaye okwathinta ukwesaba okungokomlando kwabantu abasezingeni eliphakathi ne-Peru. Bekuyi okufanayo ngokwenzekile muva nje kumuntu obengenele ukhetho oqhubekayo u-Andrés Arauz owehlulwe ngokulambisa okhethweni lwase-Ecuador, kodwa okukhulu kakhulu. I-Grupo El Comercio, inhlangano yabezindaba lokho ilawula amaphephandaba angama-80% ePeru, wahola icala elibhekene noCastillo. Bamsola ngokuba yiphekula elinobudlelwano neShining Path, iqembu labashokobezi elalinombango nombuso phakathi kuka-1980 no-2002 okwaholela ekufeni kwamashumi ezinkulungwane futhi kwashiya abantu behlukumezekile. Isixhumanisi sikaCastillo ku-Shining Path sixhumene: Ngenkathi umholi weSutep, inyunyana yabasebenzi bezemfundo, uCastillo kuthiwa wayenobungane neMovadef, iMovement for Amnesty and Fundamental Rights, iqembu okusolwa ukuthi laliyiphiko lezombusazwe Indlela ekhanyayo. Eqinisweni, uCastillo uqobo kwakungu rondero lapho ukuvukela kwakusebenza kakhulu. AmaRondo ayengamaqembu abampofu ayezivikela ayevikela imiphakathi yawo kuma-guerrilla futhi aqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngokuphepha ebugebengwini nasodlame.
Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokhetho, ngoMeyi 23, kwabulawa abantu abayi-18 edolobheni laseSeru Miguel del Ene elisemaphandleni ePeru. Uhulumeni ngokushesha kuthiwa ukuhlaselwa kwezinsalela ze-Shining Path okubandakanyeka ekushushumbiseni izidakamizwa, yize lingekho iqembu elisabambe iqhaza okwamanje. Abezindaba baxhumanise lokhu kuhlasela noCastillo nomkhankaso wakhe, okwenza ukuthi besabe udlame oluningi uma kwenzeka ephumelela ukuba ngumengameli. UCastillo ukugxekile ukuhlaselwa futhi wakhumbuza abantu basePeru ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu okufanayo kwenzeke nasekwenzeni le Ukhetho luka-2011 nango-2016. Ngokwakhe, uFujimori ukuphakanyiswa UCastillo wayemataniswa nokubulawa kwakhe.
Amaphephandaba asePeruvia asakaza ukwesaba ngeCastillo. Izithombe zikaMarco Teruggi, @Marco_Teruggi
Ngasohlangothini lwezomnotho, uCastillo usolwa ngokuba yikhomanisi elifuna ukwenza izimboni zikazwelonke zibe zinkulu, futhi angaguqula iPeru ibe yi “ubushiqela obunonya”NjengeVenezuela. Amabhodi amabhodi asemgwaqweni omkhulu kaLima abuze abantu: “Ungathanda ukuhlala eCuba noma eVenezuela?” ebhekise ekuwineni kweCastillo. Njengoba kubonakala ezithombeni ezingenhla, amaphephandaba axhumanisa umkhankaso kaCastillo nokwehliswa kwemali yasePeruvia futhi axwayisa ngokuthi ukunqoba kweCastillo kuzolimaza kakhulu abantu basePeru abathola imali encane ngoba amabhizinisi azovalwa noma ahambele phesheya kwezilwandle. Isikhathi nesikhathi, umkhankaso weCastillo une kucacisiwe ukuthi akayona ikhomanisi nokuthi inhloso yakhe akukhona ukufaka izwe ezimbonini kodwa ukuxoxisana kabusha ngezivumelwano namazwe ngamazwe ukuze inzuzo eningi ihlale nemiphakathi yendawo.
Khonamanjalo, uFujimori welashwa ngamagilavu ezingane ngabezindaba ngesikhathi somkhankaso, elinye lamaphephandaba ezithombeni ezingenhla lathi "uKeiko uqinisekisa umsebenzi, ukudla, impilo kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha komnotho ngokushesha." Umlando wakhe wokuba ngowesifazane wokuqala ngesikhathi kubusa ngonya ubaba wakhe u-Alberto Fujimori awunakwa ngabezindaba bezinkampani. Uyakwazi ukusho ukuthi “i-fujimorismo yehlule ubushokobezi” ngaphandle kokuphonselwa inselelo ezintweni ezesabekayo ezibangelwa ifujimorismo ezweni, kubandakanya nokuphoqelelwa kokuvala inzalo Abesifazane abangama-270,000 namadoda angama-22,000 okuyicala likayise. Njengamanje usejele ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu nenkohlakalo, noma kunjalo uKeiko wathembisa ukumkhulula uma enqoba. Okunye obekunganakwa ukuthi uKeiko naye ungaphandle ngebheyili ngonyaka odlule, kusalindwe a uphenyo lwemali, futhi ngaphandle kokuvikeleka kukamongameli, mhlawumbe uzogcina esejele.
Abezindaba bamazwe omhlaba bebengahlukile ngokuveza ngokungalingani kwabo uCastillo noFujimori, ngeBloomberg bexwayisa ngokuthi "izikhulu ziyathuthumela ”lapho ecabanga ngoCastillo njengomongameli kanye neThe Financial Times isihloko bememeza bethi “izikhulu zasePeru zinovalo ngenxa yokunqoba kanzima okhethweni lukamongameli.”
Umnotho wasePeru ukhule ngokumangalisayo kule minyaka engama-20 edlule, kodwa lokho kukhula akuzange kukhulise zonke izikebhe. Izigidi zabantu basePeru emaphandleni bashiywe beshiywe umbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengabomakhelwane bayo abaningi (kufaka phakathi iColombia, iChile kanye ne-Ecuador), iPeru ayibekanga imali ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, kwezemfundo nakwezinye izinhlelo zenhlalo. Ukukhetha okunjalo kwalinciphisa kakhulu uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kangangokuba iPeru manje inehlukaniso elihlazo lokuhola umhlaba wonke ekufeni komuntu ngamunye uCovid-19.
Ngaphezu kwenhlekelele yezempilo yomphakathi, abantu basePeru bebephila ngezinxushunxushu zezepolitiki ezimakwe inani elingajwayelekile lamacala aphezulu enkohlakalo kanye nomongameli abane eminyakeni emithathu. Abaongameli babo abayisikhombisa bokugcina babhekene nezinsolo zenkohlakalo. Ngo-2020, uMongameli uMartín Vizcarra (yena ngokwakhe owayesolwa ngenkohlakalo) wagwetshwa, wahliswa esikhundleni kwafakwa uManuel Merino. Lo mkhuba wagxekwa njengokubamba iqhaza ePhalamende, okuholele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zemibhikisho emigwaqweni emikhulu. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu nje kuphela esikhundleni sakhe, uMerino wesula esikhundleni futhi esikhundleni sakhe kwathathwa uMongameli wamanje uFrancisco Sagasti.
Elinye lamapulatifomu omkhankaso kaCastillo ukukhipha inhlolovo yomthethosisekelo ukuze abantu banqume ukuthi bafuna umthethosisekelo omusha noma bafisa ukugcina owamanje ubhalwe ngo-1993 ngaphansi kombuso ka-Alberto Fujimori, owagxilisa ubandlululo kuhlaka lwalo.
“Umthethosisekelo okhona ubeke phambili izintshisakalo zangasese kunezidingo zomphakathi, inzuzo ngaphezu kwempilo nesithunzi,” kufundeka owakhe uhlelo lukahulumeni. UCastillo uphakamisa ukuthi umthethosisekelo omusha ubandakanye lokhu okulandelayo: ukuqashelwa kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwamalungelo ezempilo, ezemfundo, ukudla, izindlu kanye nokufinyelela kwi-inthanethi; ukuhlonishwa kwabantu bomdabu kanye nokwehluka kwamasiko ePeru; ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo emvelo; ukwakhiwa kabusha koMbuso ukuze kugxilwe ekubonakaleni nasekubambeni iqhaza kwezakhamizi; kanye nendima ebalulekile yombuso ekuhleleni amasu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intshisekelo yomphakathi ihamba phambili.
Ngasohlangothini lwenqubomgomo yamazwe angaphandle, ukunqoba kukaCastillo kuzomela isikhubekiso esikhulu ezithakazelweni zase-US esifundeni kanye nesinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvuselela ukuhlanganiswa kweLatin America. Uthembise ukuhoxisa iPeru kwiLima Group, ikomidi lesikhashana lamazwe azinikele ekuguqulweni kombuso eVenezuela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu lasePeru Libre linalo kubizwe ukuxosha iUSAID kanye nokuvalwa kwezikhungo zamasosha aseMelika ezweni. UCastillo uveze nokuthi uyakweseka ukuphikisana ne-OAS futhi eziqinisa zombili i-Community of Latin American kanye neCaribbean States (CELAC) kanye ne-Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). Ukunqoba kubuye kube yisibonakaliso esihle kwabangakwesobunxele eChile, eColombia naseBrazil, ngakunye kuzoba nokhetho lukamongameli ngonyaka ozayo nohhafu.
UCastillo uzobhekana nomsebenzi othusayo, nengqungquthela enenzondo, isigaba sebhizinisi elinobutha, umshicileli onobutha futhi ngokunokwenzeka, ukuphathwa kweBiden. Ukwesekwa kwezigidi zabantu basePeru abathukuthele nabagqugquzelwe abafuna ushintsho, kanye nobumbano lwamazwe omhlaba, kuzoba yinto ebalulekile ekufezeni isithembiso sakhe somkhankaso sokubhekana nezidingo zemikhakha empofu kakhulu futhi elahliwe yomphakathi wasePeruvia.
UMedea Benjamin, ongumsunguli weqembu lokuthula iCODEPINK futhi ongumbhali wezincwadi eMiddle East naseLatin America, usePeru nethimba lezingqapheli zokhetho ezihlelwe yiProgressive International.
U-Leonardo Flores yisazi somkhankaso nomkhankaso we-Latin American nge-CODEPINK.
