NguJoseph Essertier, World BEYOND War, Mashi 29, i-2021
"Kungumsebenzi wabameli ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi imithetho yoMthethosisekelo iyahlonishwa, kodwa abezomthetho abathuli."
UGiorgio Agamben, "Umbuzo," Sikuphi manje? Ubhadane njengePolitiki (2020)
Njengo- “9/11” wase-United States, i- “3/11” yaseJapan yaba yisikhathi esinqophileko emlandweni wesintu. I-3/11 iyindlela emfushane yokubhekisa ekuzamazameni komhlaba kanye nase-tsunami okwenzeka ngomhlaka-11 Mashi, 2011 okwadala inhlekelele yenuzi iFukushima Daiichi. Zombili lezi zinhlekelele eziholele ekulahlekeni okukhulu kwabantu, futhi kuzona zozimbili lezi zigameko, okunye ukulahleka kwempilo kwaba ngumphumela wezenzo zabantu. 9/11 imele ukwehluleka kwezakhamizi eziningi zase-US; I-3/11 imele ukwehluleka kwezakhamizi eziningi zaseJapan. Lapho ama-progressives ase-US ekhumbula okwenzeka ngo-9/11, abaningi bacabanga ngokungabi namthetho kombuso kanye nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu okuholelwe yi-Patriot Act. Ngokucishe kufane nenqubekela phambili eminingi yaseJapan, ukungabi namthetho kwezwe kanye nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu kuzofika engqondweni lapho bekhumbula i-3/11. Futhi kungaphikiswa ukuthi kokubili u-9/11 no-3/11 kuholele ekuphulweni kwamalungelo abantu baseJapan. Isibonelo, ukwesaba okwandayo kobuphekula ngemuva komhla ka-9/11 kwanika abaqashi amandla amakhulu okubuyekeza umthethosisekelo ngezaba "zesimo samazwe omhlaba esishintsha ngokushesha esizungeze iJapan"; AmaJapane ahileleka ezimpini zase-Afghanistan nase-Iraq; njalo banda ukubhekwa labantu baseJapan ngemuva kuka-9/11 njengakwamanye amazwe. Enye ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kanti enye inhlekelele engokwemvelo, kepha bobabili bashintshe inkambo yomlando.
Selokhu yamenyezelwa, kube khona ukwephulwa koMthethosisekelo waseJapan, kepha ake sisebenzise leli thuba ukubuyekeza okunye ukungabi namthetho kombuso nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu okuholele kulezi zinkinga ezintathu u-9/11, 3/11, kanye I-COVID-19. Ngithi ukwehluleka ukushushisa, ukulungisa, noma ukumisa ukwephulwa koMthethosisekelo ekugcineni kuzokwenza buthaka futhi kuqede amandla oMthethosisekelo, futhi kuthambise izakhamizi zaseJapan ekubuyekezweni komthethosisekelo we-ultranationalist.
Thumela-9/11 Ukungabi namthetho
I-Article 35 ivikela ilungelo labantu "lokuvikeleka emakhaya abo, amaphepha kanye nemiphumela ekungeneni, ekuseshweni nasekubanjweni." Kepha uHulumeni ubaziwa hlola kubantu abangenacala, ikakhulukazi kumakhomanisi, amaKorea, kanye AmaSulumane. Ukuhlola okunjalo nguhulumeni waseJapan kungeze ekuhloleni uhulumeni wase-US abamba khona (kuchazwe ngu-Edward Snowden noJulian Assange), okubonakala sengathi iTokyo iyakuvumela. Umsakazi womphakathi waseJapan i-NHK kanye ne-The Intercept badalule iqiniso lokuthi i-ejensi yezinhloli yaseJapan, “iDirectorate for Signals Intelligence noma i-DFS, iqashe abantu ababalelwa ku-1,700 XNUMX futhi inezindawo okungenani eziyisithupha zokuqapha ukulalela ubusuku nemini ngezingcingo, ama-imeyili, nokunye ukuxhumana ”. Imfihlo ezungeze lo msebenzi idala ukuthi umuntu azibuze ukuthi abantu base "Japan" baphephe kangakanani emakhaya abo.
Njengoba uJudith Butler abhala ngo-2009, “Ubuzwe e-US bukhule kakhulu selokhu kwahlaselwa umhla ka-9/11, kepha masikhumbule ukuthi leli yizwe elenza igunya lalo lidlule imingcele yalo, elimisa izibopho zalo zomthethosisekelo ngaphakathi kwaleyo mingcele, futhi lokho kuziqonda njengokukhululekile kunoma yiziphi izivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba. ” (Isahluko 1 sakhe Amafreyimu Wempi: Ngabe Isikhathi Sokuphila Singabhekana Nini?Ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US kanye nabaholi baseMelika bahlala bezenzela okuhlukile ebudlelwaneni babo nezinye izizwe kubhalwe kahle; pro-ukuthula baseMelika kukhona uyazi yalesi sithiyo sokuthula. Abanye abantu baseMelika bayazi futhi ukuthi iziphathimandla zikahulumeni wethu, amaRiphabhulikhi kanye namaDemokhrasi, bayamisa izibopho zomthethosisekelo wezwe lethu lapho befaka isitembu senjoloba bese befaka umoya kuPatriot Act. Ngisho nalapho owayenguMongameli wangaphambili uTrump engathandwa “wasebenzisa umqondo wokwenza amandla kahulumeni okuqapha ahlale unomphela,” kwakukhona "Nary umbhikisho ovela kunoma ngubani mayelana nomthelela wawo kumalungelo abantu baseMelika".
Bambalwa ababonakala beyazi, nokho, ukuthi iWashington yathumela impikiswano yezwe lakithi i-9/11 kwamanye amazwe, yaze yaphoqa abanye ohulumeni ukuthi bephule imithetho-sisekelo yabo. “Ukucindezelwa njalo yizikhulu eziphezulu kuhulumeni wase-US kuyinto ebalulekile eyenza iJapan iqinise imithetho yayo yezimfihlo. UNdunankulu [uShinzo] Abe umemezele kaninginingi ukuthi isidingo somthetho oqinile wokugcina imfihlo siyadingeka ku plan ukwakha uMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezokuphepha osuselwa kwimodeli yaseMelika ”.
IJapan ilandele ezinyathelweni zaseMelika ngoDisemba 2013 lapho iDiet (okungukuthi, umhlangano kazwelonke) yadlulisa impikiswano Act Ekuvikeleni Izimfihlo Ezikhethwe Ngokukhethekile. Lo mthetho kuphakanyisiwe “usongo olukhulu ekubikeni kwezindaba nasenkululekweni yabezindaba eJapan. Izikhulu zikahulumeni azikaze zibalekele ukwesabisa izintatheli phambilini. Umthetho omusha uzobanikeza amandla amakhulu okwenza lokho. Ukudlula komthetho kugcwalisa inhloso ende kahulumeni yokuthola inzuzo ethe xaxa emithonjeni yezindaba. Umthetho omusha ubungaba nomthelela omubi ekubikeni izindaba bese ngokwazi kwabantu ngezenzo zikahulumeni wabo. ”
“Izwe laseMelika linamabutho ahlomile nomthetho wokuvikela izimfihlo zombuso. Uma iJapan ifuna ukwenza imisebenzi yamasosha ngokuhlanganyela ne-United States, kufanele ihambisane nomthetho wezimfihlo wase-US. Lesi yisizinda somthetho ohlongozwayo wemfihlo. Kodwa-ke, umthethosivivinywa osalungiswa kwembula inhloso kahulumeni yokwenza umthetho ubanzi kabanzi kunalokho. ”
Ngakho-ke u-9/11 wayeyithuba likahulumeni we-ultranationalist eJapan okwenza kube nzima ngezakhamizi ukuthi zazi ukuthi zikusiphi, noma ngabe zazihlola kunanini ngaphambili. Futhi, empeleni, hhayi kuphela izimfihlo zikahulumeni nobumfihlo babantu baba yizinkinga ngemuva kuka-9/11. Umthethosisekelo wokuthula waseJapan waba yinkinga. Ngokuqinisekile, abomthetho baseJapane baphikelela ekubuyekezweni komthethosisekelo ngenxa "yokwanda kweChina njengamandla amakhulu kwezomnotho nakwezempi" kanye "nezimo zezombusazwe ezingaqinisekile eNhlonhlweni YaseKorea." Kepha “ukwesaba okusabalele kobuphekula e-United States nase-Europe” nako kwakungu- isici.
Ukwephulwa kweposi-3/11
Ngaphandle komonakalo odalwe ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye ne-tsunami yango-2011, ikakhulukazi “ukuncibilika” kwezinuzi ezintathu, isitshalo iFukushima Daiichi sesikhiphele imisebe emvelweni wemvelo kusukela ngalolo suku olubi. Yize kunjalo uHulumeni uhlela ukulahla amathani ayisigidi amanzi lokho kungcoliswe yi-tritium namanye ama-poison, kunganakwa ukuphikiswa kososayensi, abezemvelo kanye namaqembu okudoba. Akukaziwa ukuthi bangaki abantu abafa eJapan noma kwamanye amazwe okuzovela kulokhu kuhlaselwa kwemvelo. Umyalezo ovelele kwabezindaba ubukeka sengathi lokhu kuhlaselwa akunakugwenywa ngoba ukuhlanzeka ngendlela efanele kungaphazamisa futhi kubize iTokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), ethola ukusekelwa okuningi nguHulumeni. Noma ngubani angabona ukuthi ukuhlaselwa okunjalo eMhlabeni kumele kumiswe.
Ngemuva nje kwangoko kwe-3/11, uhulumeni waseJapan wabhekana nenkinga enkulu. Kube khona uhlobo lomkhawulo wezomthetho wokuthi kungabekezelelwa kangakanani ubuthi bezemvelo. Lona kwakuwumthetho owabeka “ukutholakala kwemisebe okuvunyelwe ngemisebe minyaka yonke ngokomthetho.” Isilinganiso esiphezulu besibe yi-millisievert eyodwa ngonyaka kubantu abangasebenzi kule mboni, kepha ngoba lokho bekungeke kube lula ku-TEPCO nakuHulumeni, ngoba ukulandela lowo mthetho kuzodinga ukuthi kususwe inani elikhulu labantu elingamukeleki ezindaweni ebezikade zingasebenzi. kungcoliswe yimisebe yenuzi, uHulumeni umane zashintsha lelo nani laya ku-20. Voila! Inkinga ixazululiwe.
Kepha lesi sinyathelo esisizayo esivumela i-TEPCO ukuthi ingcolise amanzi angaphesheya kwezilwandle zaseJapan (ngemuva kwama-Olimpiki) izodicilela phansi umoya weSandulela soMthethosisekelo, ikakhulukazi amagama athi “Siyabona ukuthi bonke abantu emhlabeni banelungelo lokuhlala ukuthula, akukho ukwesaba nokuswela. ” Ngokusho kukaGavan McCormack, "NgoSepthemba 2017, i-TEPCO yavuma ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-80 wamanzi agcinwe endaweni yaseFukushima asenazo izinto ezikhipha imisebe engaphezulu kwamazinga asemthethweni, ngokwesibonelo, i-strontium, ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-100 ezingeni elivunyelwe ngokomthetho."
Bese kuba khona abasebenzi, labo “abakhokhelwayo ukuze bavezwe” yimisebe eFukushima Daiichi nakwezinye izitshalo. “Kukhokhelwe ukudalulwa” amazwi kaKenji HIGUCHI, intatheli yezithombe eyaziwayo wadalula ukwephulwa kwamalungelo esintu embonini yamandla enuzi amashumi eminyaka. Ukuze baphile ngaphandle kokwesaba nokuswela, abantu badinga indawo yemvelo enempilo, izindawo zokusebenza eziphephile, kanye nemali eyisisekelo noma encane, kepha "ama-gypsies enuzi" aseJapane awatholi lutho lwalezo. Isigaba 14 sibeka ukuthi “Bonke abantu bayalingana ngaphansi komthetho futhi ngeke kube khona ukubandlululwa ebudlelwaneni bezepolitiki, bezomnotho noma bezenhlalo ngenxa yohlanga, inkolelo, ubulili, isimo senhlalo noma imvelaphi yomndeni.” Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabasebenzi baseFukushima Daiichi kubhalwe kahle nakwezokuxhumana, kepha kuyaqhubeka. (I-Reuters, ngokwesibonelo, ikhiqize ukuvezwa okuningi, njenge lena).
Ukubandlululwa kwenza ukuhlukunyezwa. Nakhu ubufakazi ukuthi "izandla eziqashiwe ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi azisekho kubalimi," kunjalo IBurakumin (okungukuthi, inzalo yabantu baseJapane ababukelwa phansi, njengamaDalits aseNdiya), amaKorea, abokufika baseBrazil abangokhokho baseJapan, nabanye “ababehlala emaphethelweni omnotho”. "Uhlelo lokungenisa kancane umsebenzi wezandla ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi" "luyabandlulula futhi luyingozi." UHiguchi uthi "lonke uhlelo lusekelwe ekubandlululweni."
Ngokuhambisana ne-Article 14, uMthetho Wenkulumo Enenzondo waphasiswa ngo-2016, kodwa awunamazinyo. Amacala enzondo abhekiswe kwabambalwa njengamaKorea nama-Okinawans kufanele angabi semthethweni manje, kepha ngomthetho obuthaka kangako, uHulumeni angawavumela ukuthi aqhubeke. Njengoba isishoshovu samalungelo abantu saseKorea uSHIN Sugok esishilo, “Ukwanda kwenzondo kubantu baseZainichi Koreans [okungukuthi, abokufika kanye nenzalo yabantu abavela eKorea yamakoloni] kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu. I-Intanethi inayo babe indawo yokushisela inkulumo enenzondo ”.
Isimo Sokubandlululwa
Kokubili u-9/11 wonyaka we-2001 kanye nenhlekelele yemvelo ka-3/11 yango-2011, kwaba nomphumela wokwephulwa komthethosisekelo okunzima. Manje, cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ngemuva kuka-3/11, sesibona ukwephulwa okunzima futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi zibangelwa ubhadane, futhi umuntu angaphikisa ukuthi zifanelana nencazelo “yesimo sokuzikhethela.” (Ukuthola umlando omfushane “wesimo sokukhetha,” kufaka phakathi nokuthi uMbuso Wesithathu omude wavela kanjani, bheka lokhu). NjengoProfesa Wamalungelo Abantu Nezifundo Zokuthula uSaul Takahashi waphikisana ngoJuni 2020, "I-COVID-19 ingahle ibe ngumshintshi womdlalo ukuthi uNdunankulu waseJapan adinge ukuqhuba uhlelo lwakhe lokubuyekeza uMthethosisekelo". Izazi ze-Elite ultranationalists kuhulumeni bezimatasa emsebenzini zisebenzisa le nkinga ukuze zizuze ezombusazwe.
Imithetho emisha, ebucayi neyedlamlilo yasungulwa ngokuzumayo ngenyanga edlule. Bekufanele ngabe kubuyekezwe ngokuphelele futhi ngesineke ngochwepheshe kanye nenkulumompikiswano phakathi kwezakhamizi, izifundiswa, abameli, kanye namalungu okudla. Ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza okunjalo kanye nempikiswano ebandakanya izinhlangano zomphakathi, amanye amaJapan akhungathekile. Isibonelo, ividiyo yombhikisho wasemgwaqweni ingabukwa lapha. Amanye amaJapan manje enza imibono yawo esidlangalaleni, ukuthi awahambisani nendlela kaHulumeni yokuvimbela ukugula nokuvikela abasengozini, noma ukuphulukiswa ngaleyondaba.
Ngosizo lwenkinga yobhadane, iJapan ishibilika futhi ishibilika yaya ezinqubweni ezingaphula i-Article 21 yoMthethosisekelo. Manje ngo-2021, leyo ndatshana icishe izwakale njengomthetho othile ongacacile kusukela esikhathini esidlule: “Inkululeko yokuhlangana neyokuhlangana kanjalo nenkulumo, abezindaba kanye nazo zonke ezinye izindlela zokukhuluma ziqinisekisiwe. Akukho ukuvinjelwa okufanele kugcinwe, futhi okuyimfihlo yezindlela zokuxhumana ngeke kwephulwe. ”
Ukukhishwa okusha kwe-Article 21 nokwaziwa (mis) kokusebenza kwayo kuqale ngonyaka owedlule ngomhla ka-14 Mashi, lapho i-Diet wanika uNdunankulu wangaphambili u-Abe “igunya elisemthethweni lokumemezela 'isimo esibucayi' ngenxa yobhadane lweCovid-19”. Ngemuva kwenyanga wasebenzisa lelo gunya elisha. Okulandelayo, uNdunankulu uSuGA Yoshihide (ovikelekile u-Abe) umemezele isimo sesibili esiphuthumayo esiqale ukusebenza ngomhla ka-8 Januwari kulo nyaka. Uboshwe kuphela kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi kufanele "abike" isimemezelo sakhe kwiDiet. Unegunya, ngokwesinqumo sakhe, sokumemezela isimo esibucayi. Lokhu kufana nesinqumo futhi kunomphumela womthetho.
Isazi sezomthetho soMthethosisekelo, u-TAJIMA Yasuhiko, uxoxe ngokungahambisani nomthethosisekelo kwalesosimo sokuqala sesimemezelo esiphuthumayo endatshaneni eyashicilelwa ngomhlaka 10 ku-Ephreli nyakenye (kumagazini oqhubekayo Shūkan Kin'yōbi, amakhasi 12-13). Yena nabanye ochwepheshe bezomthetho baphikisana nomthetho onika lawa ndunankulu amandla. (Lo mthetho ubulokhu ukhona okukhulunywa ngakho kuya njengoMthetho Wezinyathelo Ezikhethekile esiNgisini; ngesiJapane Shingata infuruenza t taisaku tokubetsu sochi hō:).
Kwathi ngomhlaka 3 kuNhlolanja walo nyaka eminye imithetho emisha ye-COVID-19 yayikhona idlulile ngesaziso esifushane ezinikezwe umphakathi. Ngaphansi kwalo mthetho, iziguli ze-COVID-19 zenqaba ukungeniswa esibhedlela noma abantu "abangasebenzisani nabasebenzi bezempilo bomphakathi abenza izivivinyo zokutheleleka noma izingxoxo" ubuso izinhlawulo ezibalelwa emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zama-yen. Inhloko yesikhungo sezempilo eTokyo yathi esikhundleni sokuhlawulisa abantu abenqaba ukungeniswa esibhedlela, uHulumeni kufanele qinisa "isikhungo sezempilo kanye nesikhungo sezokwelapha". Ngenkathi ngaphambili bekugxilwe kwilungelo labagulayo lokuthola usizo lwezokwelashwa, manje kuzogxilwa esibophezelweni sabagulayo ukwamukela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okukhuthazwa noma okuvunwa nguHulumeni. Izinguquko ezifanayo kuzinqubomgomo nezindlela zezempilo ziyenzeka emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Emazwini kaGiorgio Agamben, “isakhamuzi asisenalo 'ilungelo lempilo' (ukuphepha kwezempilo), kepha sesiyabophezeleka ngokomthetho kwezempilo (biosecurity)” (“Biosecurity and Politics,” Sikuphi manje? Ubhadane njengePolitiki, 2021). Omunye uhulumeni wentando yeningi ekhululekile, uHulumeni waseJapan, ngokusobala ubeka phambili ukuvikeleka kokukhululeka kunenkululeko yomphakathi. I-biosecurity inamandla okwandisa ukufinyelela kwayo futhi ikhulise amandla ayo kubantu baseJapan.
Ezimweni lapho abantu abagulayo abavukelayo bengasebenzisani khona, ekuqaleni bekunezinhlelo "zokugwetshwa unyaka owodwa noma inhlawulo efinyelela kuma-yen ayisigidi (ama-dollar ayizi-1 9,500)," kodwa amanye amazwi eqenjini elibusayo kanye namaqembu aphikisayo waphikisa ngokuthi lezo zijeziso zazizoba “zimbi kakhulu,” ngakho-ke lezo zinhlelo zazinjalo eklwebekile. Kwabagundi bezinwele abangalahlekelwanga yindlela yabo yokuziphilisa futhi ngandlela thile basakwazi ukuthola imali engenayo yama-yen ayi-120,000 ngenyanga noma kunjalo, inhlawulo yamakhulu ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ithathwa njengefanelekile.
Kwamanye amazwe, inqubomgomo ye-COVID-19 ifinyelele eqophelweni lapho kumenyezelwe khona “impi”, isimo esingeqile ngokweqile, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nohulumeni abathile abakhululekile nabanentando yeningi, ukukhishwa komthethosisekelo waseJapane osanda kumiswa kungabonakala kumnene. ECanada, ngokwesibonelo, kukhethwe umphathi wezempi ukuba aqondise impi ngegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2. "Bonke abahambi abangena ezweni" kudingeka ukuthi bazihlukanise ngokwabo izinsuku eziyi-14. Futhi labo abaphula ukwahlukaniswa kwabo bangabakhona ajeziswe ngenhlawulo efinyelela ku- “$ 750,000 noma ejele ngenyanga”. Abantu baseCanada banayo i-US emngceleni wabo, umngcele omude kakhulu futhi owake wangenwa kakhulu, futhi kungashiwo ukuthi uhulumeni waseCanada uzama ukugwema "isiphetho se-coronavirus sase-United States." Kepha iJapan iyisizwe seziqhingi lapho imingcele ilawulwa khona kalula.
Ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokubusa kuka-Abe kodwa kuyo yonke iminyaka eyishumi yeminyaka engamashumi amabili (2011-2020), abaphathi baseJapan, ikakhulukazi i-LDP, bashaye isando kuMthethosisekelo Wokuthula ovulekile, owenziwe ngo-1946 lapho amaJapane ezwa amazwi athi, "Uhulumeni waseJapan umemezela umthethosisekelo wokuqala nokuwukuphela kwawo wokuthula emhlabeni, ozophinde uqinisekise ngamalungelo abantu ayisisekelo abantu baseJapan ”(Umuntu angabona imibhalo eqoshiwe yesimemezelo ngo-7: 55 lapha). Ngesikhathi seminyaka engamashumi amabili, uhlu lwezindatshana ezephuliwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ngale kwama-athikili okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla (14 no-28), luzofaka i-Article 24ukulingana emshadweni), Isigaba 20 (Ukuhlukana wesonto nombuso), futhi-ke, igugu lomqhele ngokombono wenhlangano yokuthula emhlabeni, Article 9: “Befuna ngobuqotho ukuthula komhlaba wonke okusekelwe ebulungiseni nasekuhleleni, abantu baseJapan bayilahla phakade impi njengelungelo lobukhosi lesizwe nokusongela noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano zomhlaba wonke. Ukuze kufezwe inhloso yendima eyandulele, amabutho omhlaba, olwandle, kanye nomoya, kanye nokunye amandla empi, ngeke kugcinwe. Ilungelo lombuso wombuso ngeke laziwe. ”
EJapan? Intando yeningi nokuthula?
Kuze kube manje, uMthethosisekelo uqobo kungenzeka ukuthi ubheke islayidi sokubusa kobushiqela ngongqongqoshe be-ultranationalist u-Abe noSuga. Kodwa lapho umuntu ebheka leli shumi leminyaka elidlule lokwephulwa komthethosisekelo, ngemuva kwenhlekelele enkulu yokugcina ka-3/11 noFukushima Daiichi, umuntu ubona ngokusobala ukuthi igunya "lomthethosisekelo wokuqala nowukuphela kokuthula emhlabeni" belilokhu lihlaselwa iminyaka eminingi. Abagqame kakhulu kubahlaseli kube ngama-ultranationalists kuLiberal Democratic Party (i-LDP). Kumthethosisekelo omusha abawubhala ngo-Ephreli 2012, babebonakala sengathi bacabanga ukuphela “kokuzama kwaseJapane kwempi yeningi yenkululeko,” ngokusho kusolwazi wezomthetho uLawrence Repeta.
I-LDP inombono omuhle futhi ayikufihli. Ngokubona kusengaphambili ngo-2013 uRepeta wenza uhlu lweziphakamiso “eziyishumi eziyingozi kakhulu ze-LDP zokuguqulwa komthethosisekelo”: ukwenqaba amalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke; ukukhuphula ukunakekelwa “kokuthula komphakathi” phezu kwawo wonke amalungelo abantu; ukuqeda ukuvikelwa kokukhuluma ngenkululeko kwemisebenzi “ngenhloso yokulimaza intshisekelo yomphakathi noma ukuhleleka komphakathi, noma ukuzihlanganisa nabanye ngezinhloso ezinjalo”; ukususa isiqinisekiso esiphelele sawo wonke amalungelo omthethosisekelo; ukuhlaselwa "komuntu" njengokugxilwa kwamalungelo abantu; imisebenzi emisha yabantu; ukuvimbela inkululeko yabezindaba nabagxeki bakahulumeni ngokuvimbela "ukutholwa okungafanele, ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa kolwazi oluphathelene nomuntu"; unikeza undunankulu amandla amasha okumemezela "izimo eziphuthumayo" lapho uhulumeni engamisa izinqubo ezejwayelekile zomthethosisekelo; izinguquko ku- i-athikili yesishiyagalolunye; kanye nokwehlisa umgoqo wezichibiyelo zomthethosisekelo. (Amagama weRepeta; omalukeke bami).
URepeta wabhala ngo-2013 ukuthi lowo nyaka “kwakuyisikhathi esibucayi emlandweni waseJapane.” Owe-2020 kungenzeka ukuthi ube ngomunye umzuzu obucayi, njengoba imibono enamandla egxile kuhulumeni yokuphepha kanye ne-oligarchy-enikeza amandla "izifunda ezihlukile" yaqala. Kufanele sicabangisise ngendaba yaseJapan ngo-2021, futhi, njengesibonelo, bese siqhathanisa ushintsho lwayo lwezomthetho lwenkathi ehlukile kulelo nakwamanye amazwe. Isazi sefilosofi uGiorgio Agamben wasixwayisa ngesimo esikhethekile ngo-2005, ebhala ukuthi “ubushiqela banamuhla bungachazwa njengokusungula, ngempi yombango esemthethweni evumela ukuqedwa ngokomzimba hhayi kuphela kwabaphikisi bezepolitiki. kodwa izigaba zonke zezakhamizi ezingathi ngesizathu esithile zingafakwa ohlelweni lwezepolitiki… Ukwakhiwa ngokuzithandela kwesimo esiphuthumayo saphakade… sekube ngomunye wemikhuba ebalulekile yezizwe ezikhona, kubandakanya nalezi ezibizwa ngentando yeningi. ” (Esahlukweni 1 “The State of Exception as a Paradigm of Government” yakhe Isimo Sokungafani, 2005, ikhasi 2).
Okulandelayo ezinye izincazelo zesampula zeJapane namuhla ngabafundisi bomphakathi abadumile kanye nezishoshovu: “izwe 'elinamalungelo ngokweqile' izwe, elingaphansi 'kobu-fascism bokungabi nandaba' lapho abavoti baseJapan banjengemasele afudumeza kancane amanzi obu-fascist, ongasenawo umthetho- kubuswa noma kubuswa ngentando yeningi kepha kuya phambili eba 'umphakathi omnyama nombuso wobushiqela,' lapho 'ukonakala okuyisisekelo kwezepolitiki' kusabalala kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi waseJapan, njengoba kuqala 'ukwehla okukhulu kuya ekuweni kwempucuko' ”. Akuwona umfanekiso ojabulisayo.
Ekhuluma ngamathrendi womhlaba wonke, uChris Gilbert une ezibhaliwe ukuthi “intshisekelo yemiphakathi yethu eyehlile entandweni yeningi ingabonakala kakhulu ngesikhathi senhlekelele eqhubekayo ye-Covid, kodwa kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi ishumi leminyaka elidlule lonke libandakanye ukusitheka kwesimo sentando yeningi” Yebo, kunjalo naseJapane. Izizwe ezihlukile, imithetho yezobudlova, ukumiswa kokubusa komthetho, njll limenyezelwe emazweni amaningi wentando yeningi yenkululeko. EJalimane entwasahlobo edlule, isib ihlawuliswe ngokuthenga incwadi esitolo sezincwadi, ukuya ebaleni lokudlala, ukuxhumana nomuntu esidlangalaleni ongelona ilungu lomndeni wakho, ukusondela kumamitha ayi-1.5 kothile ngenkathi umile kulayini, noma ukusika izinwele zomngani egcekeni lomuntu.
Ukuthambekela kwezempi, ubukhazikhazi, inzalamizi, ukubulawa kwabantu besifazane, ama-ecocidal, monarchical, kanye ne-ultranationalist kungenzeka kuqiniswe yizinqubomgomo ze-COVID-19, futhi lokho kuzosheshisa ukuwa kwempucuko ngalo mzuzu emlandweni, lapho kufanele sihlale siqaphela ukuthi sibhekene, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinsongo ezimbili ezikhona: impi yenuzi nokushisa komhlaba. Ukuze siqede lezi zinsongo, sidinga ukuhlanzeka, ubumbano, ukuphepha, inkululeko yomphakathi, intando yeningi, futhi nempilo nokuzivikela okuqinile. Akufanele sibeke eceleni izinkolelo zethu eziyinhloko eziqhubekayo futhi sivumele ohulumeni ukuba baqede umthethosisekelo ongaphazamisi wokuvikela amalungelo-abantu. Abantu baseJapan nabanye abantu emhlabeni jikelele badinga uMthethosisekelo Wokuthula Ohlukile waseJapan manje kunanini ngaphambili, futhi kuyinto okufanele ilingiswe futhi ichazwe kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele.
Konke lokhu ukusho, ukulandela UTomoyuki Sasaki, “uMthethosisekelo kufanele uvikelwe”. Ngenhlanhla, iningi elincane kodwa iningi liyafana, lamaJapan asawazisa umthethosisekelo wawo futhi phikisa izibuyekezo ezihlongozwayo ze-LDP.
Sibonga kakhulu ku-Olivier Clarinval ngokuphendula imibuzo eminingana yokuthi izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zezempilo ezikhona manje eGlobal North ziyisongela kanjani intando yeningi.
UJoseph Essertier ungumprofesa ohlangene eNagoya Institute of Technology eJapane.
