Amasosha aseBrithani anenethiwekhi eyisisekelo ebanzi kakhulu kunangaphambili eyethulwe nguMnyango Wezokuvikela. Ucwaningo olusha olwenziwe nguDeclassified luveza ubukhulu bokuba khona kwamasosha omhlaba okokuqala ngqa - njengoba uhulumeni ememezela enye imali engu-10% esetshenziswayo ukuzivikela.
nguPhil Miller, Kudalulwe i-UK, Okthoba 7, 2021
- Amasosha ase-UK anezindawo eziyisisekelo emazweni amahlanu azungeze iChina: isizinda semikhumbi yezempi eSingapore, amabutho amabutho aseBrunei, izindawo zokuhlola i-drone e-Australia, izindawo ezintathu eNepal kanye nebutho lokuphendula ngokushesha e-Afghanistan
- ICyprus ibamba ukufakwa kwamasosha e-17 UK kufaka phakathi amabanga okudubula neziteshi zezinhloli, ezinye zitholakala ngaphandle kwezindawo "zase-UK."
- IBrithani igcina ukuba khona kwezempi ema-monarchies ayisikhombisa ama-Arab lapho izakhamizi zingasho lutho noma zingasho lutho ngendlela ezilawulwa ngayo
- Abasebenzi base-UK bamiswe ezindaweni ezingama-15 eSaudi Arabia, besekela ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi nempi yaseYemen, nasezindaweni eziyi-16 e-Oman, ezinye zigijinywa ngqo ngamasosha aseBrithani
- E-Afrika, amasosha aseBrithani azinze eKenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Malawi, Sierra Leone, Nigeria naseMali
- Izisekelo eziningi zase-UK zaphesheya kwezilwandle zitholakala ezindaweni zokuthelisa ezifana neBermuda neCayman Islands
Umbutho wezempi waseBrithani uhlala unomphela ezindaweni ezingama-145 emazweni noma ezindaweni ezingama-42 emhlabeni jikelele, ucwaningo olwenziwe ngu Kudalulwe i-UK usetholile.
Usayizi walokhu kuba khona kwezempi emhlabeni wonke kukude sikhulu kuka ngaphambili wacabanga futhi kungenzeka kusho ukuthi i-UK inenethiwekhi yesibili ngobukhulu yezempi emhlabeni, ngemuva kwe-United States.
Kungokokuqala ukuthi ubukhulu beqiniso bale nethiwekhi buvezwe.
I-UK isebenzisa ukufakwa kwezempi okuhlukile kwe-17 eCyprus kanye ne-15 eSaudi Arabia kanye ne-16 e-Oman - bobabili bobushiqela bobabili ubukhosi base-UK obusondelene kakhulu nabo kwezempi.
Amasayithi ase-UK afaka phakathi ama-60 azilawulayo ngokwawo ngaphezu kwezikhungo ezingama-85 eziphethwe ngabalingani bawo lapho i-UK iba khona khona.
Lokhu kubonakala kuvumelana nencazelo yalokho uGeneral Mark Carleton-Smith, oyiChief of the General Staff waseBrithani, asanda kukubiza ngokuthi “ama-lily pads”- izingosi i-UK efinyelela kalula kuzo uma kudingeka.
Kudaluliwe ayifakwanga ezibalweni iminikelo yamabutho amancane ase-UK emisebenzini yokugcina ukuthula e-UN eSouth Sudan noma endaweni yesiphephelo saseCyprus, noma ukuzibophezela kwabasebenzi ezindaweni zokuphatha ze-NATO eYurophu noma iningi lamandla alo akhethekile, okungaziwa kakhulu.
Lokhu okutholakele kuza ngemuva kwezinsuku uNdunankulu uBoris Johnson kumemezela imali engaphezulu kwe- $ 16-billion izosetshenziselwa amasosha ase-UK eminyakeni emine ezayo - ukwanda ngo-10%.
Isimemezelo sokusetshenziswa kwemali ekuqaleni sasihloselwe ukuhlanganiswa nokubuyekezwa kwecebo lokuvikela, elalilwelwa yilowo owayengumeluleki omkhulu kaJohnson uDominic Cummings.
Imiphumela “yokubuyekezwa kwezokuvikela okuhlanganisiwe” kukaWhitehall manje ayikalindelwa kuze kube unyaka ozayo. Izinkomba ziphakamisa ukuthi ukubuyekeza izoncoma isu lendabuko laseBrithani lokwakha izisekelo eziningi zamasosha aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Ngenyanga edlule, owayenguNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela uMichael Fallon wathi i-UK idinga okungaphezulu Unomphela ukutholakala esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific. UNobhala Wezokuvikela njengamanje, uBen Wallace, uqhubekile. NgoSepthemba umemezele utshalomali olungamarandi ayizigidi ezingama-23.8 ukunweba ibutho laseBrithani kanye nezisekelo zasolwandle Oman, ukwamukela abathwali bezindiza abasha beRoyal Navy kanye namathangi amaningi.
UGeneral Carleton-Smith muva nje wathi: "Sicabanga ukuthi kunemakethe yokuphikelela okukhona okuvela eMbuthweni WaseBrithani (e-Asia)."
Isikhulu sakhe, uMphathi Wezokuvikela uGeneral Sir Nick Carter, ukhulume ngokuzwakalayo lapho yena wathi ikusasa lezempi "lizobandakanyeka futhi lidluliselwe phambili."
UKUKHUTHAZA ICHINA?
Ukwanda kweChina kuholela abahleli abaningi baseWhitehall ukuthi bakholelwe ukuthi iBrithani idinga izizinda zamasosha esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific ukulwa namandla eBeijing. Kodwa-ke, i-UK isivele inezindawo zamasosha emazweni amahlanu azungeze iChina.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi isisekelo sezimpahla zasolwandle eSembawang Wharf e Singapore, lapho abasebenzi bezempi baseBrithani abayisishiyagalombili bezinze unomphela. Isisekelo sinikeza iBrithani indawo yokulawula ebheke eMalacca Strait, imizila emikhumbi ematasa kakhulu emhlabeni okuyindawo esemqoka yokuminywa kwemikhumbi esuka eSouth China Sea iye e-Indian Ocean.
UMnyango Wezokuvikela (MOD) wake watshela iDeclassified phambilini: "ISingapore iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiselwano nezohwebo." Uphiko lwamaphoyisa aphakeme kunawo wonke aseSingapore aqashwa amasosha aseBrithani futhi ayalelwa amasosha ase-UK.
Kanye nokuba nesisekelo semikhumbi yasolwandle onqenqemeni loSouth China Sea, amasosha aseBrithani anendawo esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo Brunei, eduze kweziQhingi zaseSpratly eziphikisanayo.
USultan waseBrunei, undlovukayiphikiswa osanda kuphakamisa indlela ye- iseli elihlanganisiwe kwabobungqingili, izwe ukusekelwa kwamasosha aseBrithani ukuze uhlale emandleni. Ubuye avumele isiqhwaga samafutha saseBrithani shell ukuba nesabelo esikhulu emikhakheni kawoyela negesi yaseBrunei.
UDavid Cameron usayina isivumelwano sezempi noSultan waseBrunei eCheckers ngo-2015 (Isithombe: Arron Hoare / 10 Downing Street)
I-UK inebutho lamabutho amathathu eGrunei, eSittang Camp, eMedicina Lines naseTuker Lines, lapho isigamu yamasosha aseBrithani eGurkha asekelwe unomphela.
Kudaluliwe amafayela show ukuthi ngo-1980, amasosha aseBrithani eBrunei ayesekelwe “emhlabeni owanikezwa abakwaShell naphakathi kwenxanxathela yabo yendlunkulu”.
Indawo yokuhlala ekhethekile yamasosha aseBrithani inikezwa ngenethiwekhi yezindlu ezingama-545 nama-bungalows eKuala Belait, eduze nezisekelo zamasosha.
Kokunye eBrunei, amasosha aseBrithani angama-27 abolekiswe kuSultan ezindaweni ezintathu, kubandakanya isikhungo samasosha aseMuara. Izindima zabo zifaka ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe nokufundiswa kwe-sniper.
UDeclassified uthole ukuthi i-UK inabasebenzi ababalelwa ku-60 abasabalale Australia. Abanye abangama-25 balaba baphethe izindima zokuvikela eBritish High Commission eCanberra nasezindaweni zoMnyango Wezokuvikela e-Australia eziseduze nenhlokodolobha, njenge-Headquarters Joint Operations Command e-Bungendore.
Abasele bashintshisane ngezikhungo zamasosha zase-Australia ezihlukene eziyi-18, kufaka phakathi nesikhulu esisetshenziswa e-Electronic Warfare Unit e-Australia ICabarlah, EQueensland.
Izikhulu ezine zeRoyal Air Force (RAF) zizinze esikhumulweni sezindiza iWilliamtown eNew South Wales, lapho zikhona yokufunda ukundiza Umshado indiza ye-radar.
I-MOD yaseBrithani nayo testing ukuphakama kwayo okuphakeme kwe-Zephyr drone at an Airbus indawo yokuhlala eyihlane yaseWyndham eNtshonalanga Australia. I-Declassified iyaqonda kusuka ekuphenduleni kwenkululeko yolwazi ukuthi abasebenzi be-MOD bavakashela indawo yokuhlola kepha abekho lapho.
Amalungu amabili e-UK Strategic Command, aphethe ukusebenza kwamasosha aseBrithani kuzo zonke izinsizakalo, kanti elinye eliphuma ku-Defense Equipment and Support livakashele eWyndham ngoSepthemba 2019.
I-Zephyr, eyenzelwe ukundiza ku-stratosphere futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-China, ishayisile Kabili ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kusuka eWyndham. Enye i-drone ephakeme kakhulu, i-PHASA-35, ihlolwa ngabasebenzi abavela enhlanganweni yezikhali BAE kanye neLebhu Yezempi Yezokuvikela Nobuchwepheshe base-UK eWoomera, e-South Australia.
Airbus futhi isebenza esiteshini somhlaba se- ISkynet 5A isathelayithi yokuxhumana yezempi egameni leMOD eMawson Lakes e-Adelaide. Umphathi wamasosha waseBrithani uzinze edolobheni elisogwini, ngokusho kwenkululeko yokuphendula imininingwane.
Abanye abasebenzi baseBrithani abayi-10 bazinze ezindaweni ezingacacisiwe e- E-New Zealand. Imininingwane yasePhalamende evela ku-2014 ikhombise izindima zabo kufaka phakathi ukusebenza njengamatilosi endizeni ye-P-3K Orion, engasetshenziselwa ukubhekwa kolwandle.
Okwamanje ku Nepal, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga yeChina ngaseTibet, ibutho laseBrithani liphethe okungenani izikhungo ezintathu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amakamu okuqasha eGurkha ePokhara naseDharan, kanye nezindawo zokuphatha enhlokodolobha iKathmandu.
Ukusetshenziswa kweBrithani izinsizwa zaseNepal njengamasosha kuqhubekile yize uhulumeni wamaMaoist waqala ukubusa eKathmandu.
In Afghanistan, lapho izingxoxo zokuthula seziqhubeka phakathi kukahulumeni namaTaliban, amabutho ase-UK asenesikhathi eside kugcinwe ibutho lokuphendula ngokushesha esikhumulweni sezindiza iHamid Karzai eKabul, kanye nokunikeza abeluleki e I-Infantry Isikole Samagatsha kanye ne-Afghan National Army Officers 'Academy. Lesi sakamuva, esaziwa ngokuthi 'USandhurst esihlabathini', yakhiwa ngemali eyi- £ 75-million yemali yaseBrithani.
Cishe abasebenzi be-10 bazinze ePakistan, lapho izindima zibandakanye ukufundisa abashayeli bezindiza esikhungweni samandla omoya eRisalpur.
IYUROPHU NERUSSIA
Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngeChina, izinduna zamasosha zikholelwa ukuthi iBrithani manje isivalelwe umncintiswano waphakade neRussia. I-UK inebutho lezempi okungenani emazweni ayisithupha aseYurophu, kanye nasezindaweni zokuphatha zeNATO, iDeclassified engazifakanga ocwaningweni lwethu.
IBrithani iyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa amasayithi amane ayisisekelo ku Germany leyondlu 540 abasebenzi, ngaphandle kokushayela okuyiminyaka eyi-10 okubizwa nge- "Operation Owl" ukwehlisa inethiwekhi yayo yesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
Kusele amabhalekisi amabili eSennelager, enyakatho neJalimane, enedepho enkulu yezimoto eMönchengladbach kanye nendawo yokugcina imishini eWulfen esizeni esakhelwe izigqila AmaNazi.
In Norway, umbutho wezempi waseBrithani unendawo enophephela emhlane ebhalwe “Clockwork” esikhumulweni sezindiza iBardufoss, ekujuleni kwe-Arctic Circle. Isisekelo sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuzivocavoca kwempi yezintaba futhi silele ngamamayela angama-350 ukusuka endlunkulu yemikhumbi esenyakatho yeRussia eSeveromorsk eduze naseMurmansk.
Selokhu kwawa i-USSR, iBrithani yandise ukuba khona kwayo kwezempi emazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet. Abasebenzi bezempi base-UK abangamashumi amabili njengamanje babolekiswe ku Czech isikole sezempi e UVyškov.
Eduze komngcele waseRussia, iRAF isekela izindiza zempi iTyphoon e Elase-Estonia U-Amari I-Air Base ne EzaseLithuania I-Siauliai I-Air Base, lapho bengabamba khona izindiza zaseRussia phezu kweBaltic njengengxenye yomkhankaso weNATO “wobuphoyisa”.
EMpumalanga yeMedithera, iDeclassified ithole ukuthi kukhona ukufakwa kwamasosha ase-UK okuyi-17 okwehlukile Cyprus. 2,290 Abasebenzi baseBrithani.
Amasayithi, agcinwa azimela ngo-1960, afaka phakathi imigwaqo yezindiza, amabanga okudubula, amabhalekisi, izindawo zokubeka uphethiloli neziteshi zezinhloli eziphethwe yisikhungo sezobunhloli sase-UK - i-GCHQ.
IDeclassified ithole nokuthi amasayithi amaningana atholakala ngaphesheya kwezindawo ezizimele, kufaka phakathi esiqongweni seNtaba i-Olympus, indawo ephakeme kakhulu eCyprus.
Imephu etholwe yiDeclassified ikhombisa ukuthi amasosha ase-UK angasebenzisa indawo enkulu yomhlaba ngaphandle kwe-Akrotiri eyaziwa njengeLima njengendawo yokuqeqesha. I-Declassified phambilini embule ukuthi izindiza zamasosha ezindizayo eziphansi zaseBrithani zibangele ukufa kwezilwane zasemapulazini endaweni yoqeqesho yaseLima.
Amabutho akhethekile aseBrithani asebenza e Syria kukholakala ukuthi kunjalo ivuselelwe kabusha ngomoya ovela eCyprus, lapho izindiza zokuthutha zeRAF zingabonakala khona ku-inthanethi zisuka ngaphambi kokuba abathungathi bazo banyamalale eSyria.
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngendawo yamathimba amabutho akhethekile ase-UK eSyria, ngaphandle kwe Faka isicelo ukuthi zizinze e-Al-Tanf eduze komngcele we-Iraq / Jordan kanye / noma enyakatho eduze neManbij.
UKUQAPHA ABANIKELI BAMAGULA
Izindiza zeRAF ezivela eCyprus nazo zihlala zifika kubushiqela beGulf of the I-United Arab Emirates futhi Qatar, Lapho UK has izisekelo ngokugcwele Al Minhad futhi Al Udeid emoyeni Amasimu, run by emhlabeni 80 izisebenzi.
Lezi zisekelo zisetshenziselwe ukuhlinzeka ngamasosha e-Afghanistan kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yezempi e-Iraq, eSyria naseLibya.
I-Qatar ineqembu elihlangene le-Typhoon ne-RAF elizinze e-RAF Coningsby eLincolnshire okuyi uxhaswe uhhafu yi-Gulf emirate. UNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela uJames Heappey wenqabile ukutshela iPhalamende ukuthi mangaki amasosha aseQatar asezinze eConingsby phakathi kwezinhlelo zoku ukwandisa isisekelo.
Okuphikisana ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuba khona kwamasosha amakhulu eBrithani eSaudi Arabia. UDeclassified uthole ukuthi abasebenzi base-UK bafakwe kumasayithi ayisihluthulelo ayi-15 eSaudi Arabia. Enhlokodolobha, iRiyadh, amabutho ahlomile aseBrithani asatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwengxenye kweshumi nambili, kubandakanya nezikhungo zokusebenza kwezindiza lapho Izikhulu zeRAF zibuka ukusebenza komoya wobumbano oholwa yiSaudi e-Yemen.
Ngaphansi koMnyango Wezokuvikela waseSaudi Armed Forces Project (MODSAP), iBAE Systems yenze izindawo zokuhlala ezingama-73 zitholakale kubasebenzi bezempi base-UK enkampanini yayo iSalwa Garden Village eRiyadh.
Abasebenzi beRAF, abanye babo abasebenza ukuxhaswa yiBAE Systems, nabo basebenza esikhungweni sezindiza iKing Fahad eTaif, esisebenza ngemikhumbi yezindiza iTyphoon, isikhumulo sezindiza iKing Khalid eKhamis Mushayt eduze nomngcele waseYemen nasenkosini i-King Faisal Isizinda eTabuk lapho kuqeqeshwa khona abashayeli bezindiza be-Hawk jet.
Kunezinkontileka ezihlukile zeBrithani zokuxhasa "abezokuphepha abakhethekile”WeNational Guard (SANG) yaseSaudi Arabia, uphiko oluvikela umndeni obusayo futhi olukhuthaza“ ukuphepha kwangaphakathi ”.
Amasosha aseBrithani kukholakala ukuthi abemi enkonzweni kaGada eRiyadh kanjalo naseSignals School (SANGCOM) eKhashm al-An emaphethelweni enhlokodolobha, ngaphezu kwamaqembu amancane asezikhundleni zomyalo we-SANG ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga nasenkabeni eJedda naseBuraydah.
Bonke abanye abasebenzi baseBrithani eSaudi Arabia batholakala esifundazweni sayo esicebile uwoyela empumalanga, iningi labo lamaShia Muslim licwaswa kabuhlungu yinkosi ebusayo yaseSunni.
Ithimba leRoyal Navy lifundisa eKing Fahd Naval Academy eJubail, kuyilapho abasebenzi beRAF besiza imikhumbi yezindiza iTornado esikhumulweni sezindiza iKing Abdulaziz eDhahran.
Indawo yokuhlala yosonkontileka nabasebenzi baseBrithani inikezwa yiBAE enkampanini eyakhiwe yinkampani iSara eKhobar, ngaseDhahran. U-lieutenant colonel wamasosha aseBrithani weluleka amayunithi ama-SANG ahamba ngezinyawo endaweni yawo ese-Eastern Command eDamman.
Ngemuva kokuvukelwa kombuso, iBrithani yenyusa ubukhona bayo kwezempi eBahrain ngokwakhiwa kwesisekelo semikhumbi esavulwa ngonyaka we-2018 nguPrince Andrew, umngani weNkosi uHamad.
Laba basebenzi baseBrithani esifundazweni esisempumalanga basondelene neKing Fahd Causeway, ibhuloho elikhulu elixhuma iSaudi Arabia nesiqhingi esingumakhelwane saseBahrain lapho iBrithani inesisekelo samasosha kanye nobukhona obuncane (kubiza u- £ 270,000 ngonyaka) eduze kwesikhumulo sezindiza samazwe omhlaba Muharraq.
Ngo-2011, iSANG yahamba ngemoto Kwenziwe nge-BAE Izimoto ezihlome ngaphesheya komgwaqo zokucindezela imibhikisho yenkululeko yeningi lamaShia aseBahrain elwa nomashiqela wakhe oyiSunni iNkosi uHamad.
Uhulumeni waseBrithani kamuva avunyelwe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=gwpJXpKVFwE&feature=emb_title&ab_channel=RANEStratfor
Ngemuva kokuvukelwa kombuso, iBrithani yenyusa ubukhona bayo bezempi eBahrain ngokwakhiwa kwesisekelo semikhumbi esavulwa ngo-2018 ngu Prince Andrew, umngani weNkosi uHamad.
IBrithani igcina isibalo esikhulu samasosha ema-monarchies ayisikhombisa ase-Arab lapho izakhamizi zingasho lutho noma zingasho lutho ngendlela ezilawulwa ngayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi 20 Amasosha aseBrithani asekela inkosi eqeqeshwe nguSandhurst u-Abdullah II we Jordan.
Ibutho lezwe selinakho wathola Isamba esingu- £ 4-million sisizwa iSikhwama Sezimpi, Ezokuphepha kanye Nokusimamisa Isikhwama saseBrithani ukusungula umbutho ophendula ngokushesha, nokaputeni wamasosha waseBrithani abolekiswe kulolu phiko.
Ngonyaka odlule kwabikwa ukuthi umeluleki wamasosha waseBrithani eNkosini yaseJordani, uBrigadier Alex I-Macintosh, kwakungu “ukuxoshwa”Ngemuva kokuba nomthelela omkhulu kwezepolitiki. IMacintosh kuthiwa yathathelwa indawo ngokushesha, kanti uDeclassified ubonile amarekhodi ezempi akhombisa ukuthi iBritish Brigadier yaseBrithani isalokhu ibolekiswe eJordani.
Amalungiselelo afanayo akhona ku- Kuwait, kuphi nxazonke 40 Amasosha aseBrithani amisiwe. Kukholakala ukuthi basebenzisa uMvuni drones ovela esikhumulweni sezindiza i-Ali Al Salem futhi ufundise eKubait's Mubarak Al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College.
Kuze kube ngu-Agasti, owayeyisikhulu seRoyal Navy Andrew Loring ubephakathi kwabasebenzi abahola phambili bekolishi, ngokuhambisana ne- isiko ngokunikeza abasebenzi baseBrithani izindima eziphezulu kakhulu.
Yize kunabasebenzi baseBrithani ababolekiswe kuwo womathathu amagatsha amasosha aseKuwait, iMOD yenqabile ukutshela uDeclassified ukuthi babambe iqhaza lini empini yaseYemen, lapho iKuwait iyilungu lomfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi.
Ubukhona bezempi baseBrithani obubanzi kakhulu eGulf bungatholakala ku- Oman, lapho 91 Amasosha ase-UK abolekiswe kuSultan ocindezelayo wezwe. Zimi ezindaweni eziyi-16, ezinye zazo eziphethwe ngqo ngamasosha aseBrithani noma ama-ejensi wezobunhloli.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi iRoyal Navy base eDuqm, ekhona kathathu ngosayizi njengengxenye yokutshalwa kwezimali okungama- £ 23.8-million eklanyelwe ukusekela abathwali bezindiza abasha baseBrithani ngesikhathi bethunyelwa eLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nangaphesheya.
Akucaci ukuthi bangaki abasebenzi baseBrithani abazozinza eDuqm.
UHeappey unayo utshele IPhalamende: "Ithuba labasebenzi abengeziwe lokuxhasa le ndawo yokusebenzela eDuqm lithathwa njengengxenye yoHlelo Oludidiyelwe Lwezokuphepha, Ukuvikela, Intuthuko kanye Nenqubomgomo Yezangaphandle."
Ungeze lokho 20 Abasebenzi bathunyelwe okwesikhashana eDuqm njenge “UK Port Task Group” ukusiza ngezinhlelo zokwandisa.
Okunye ukuthuthuka okuyisisekelo kwenethiwekhi yaseBrithani e-Oman "indawo yokuqeqeshwa ngokuhlanganyela" entsha etholakala kuma-70kms eningizimu yeDuqm eRas Madrakah, eyisebenzisele ukudubula amathangi. Kubukeka sengathi izinhlelo ziyaqhubeka ukuhambisa inani elikhulu lamathangi aseBrithani asuswe endaweni yawo yamanje yokudubula eCanada ayise eRas Madrakah.
E-Oman, kuyicala lobugebengu ukuhlambalaza iSultan, ngakho ukumelana kwasekhaya nezisekelo ezintsha zaseBrithani akunakwenzeka ukuthi kufike kude.
Amabutho aseBrithani eDuqm kungenzeka asebenze eduze nesikhungo samasosha aseMelika e-Diego Garcia on the Iziqhingi zaseChagos, ingxenye yendawo yase-Indian Indian Ocean engeye-Mauritius ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba. Abanye 40 Izisebenzi zamasosha ase-UK zime eDiego Garcia.
IBrithani yenqabile ukubuyisela iziqhingi eMauritius, okuphikisana nesinqumo sakamuva se-UN General Assembly, ngemuva kokususa ngenkani abantu bomdabu ngeminyaka yama-1970.
In Iraq, okuwukuphela kwentando yeningi ezweni lama-Arabhu elaligcina amasosha aseBrithani kulo nyaka, abezombusazwe bathathe enye indlela.
NgoJanuwari, iphalamende lase-Iraq livotele xosha amabutho empi angaphandle, afaka phakathi asele 400 Amasosha aseBrithani, okuthi uma esetshenziswa, aqede ubukhona bawo ezindaweni ezine: ICamp Havoc e-Anbar, ICamp Taji kanye ne-Union III eBaghdad nase-Erbil International Airport enyakatho.
Okunye ukutholakala kwezempi eBrithani eMpumalanga Ephakathi kungatholakala I-Israyeli nePalestine, kuphi nxazonke 10 amabutho amisiwe. Ithimba lihlukaniswe phakathi kwenxusa laseBrithani eTel Aviv nehhovisi lomxhumanisi wezokuphepha e-United States, okuyimpikiswano, elizinze kwinxusa laseMelika eJerusalema.
I-Declassified muva nje Wathola ukuthi izisebenzi ezimbili zamasosha aseBrithani zisiza iqembu lase-US.
AMAHHOVISI AMATEKISI AMAZIMA
Esinye isici sezikhungo zamasosha aphesheya kwezilwandle eBrithani ukuthi zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuthelisa, lapho iDeclassified ithola amasayithi ayisithupha anjalo. Eduzane nasekhaya, lokhu kufaka phakathi Jersey eChannel Islands, engenye yezindawo eziyishumi eziphezulu zentela emhlabeni ngokusho kwe Inethiwekhi Yezomthetho Yentela.
Ukuncika komqhele hhayi ingxenye yase-UK, inhlokodolobha yaseJersey, iSt Helier, kuyikhaya lempi isisekelo weRoyal Engineers 'Jersey Field Squadron.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBrithani iyaqhubeka nokuphatha iGibraltar, emaphethelweni aseningizimu yeSpain, phakathi izimfuno kusuka eMadrid ukubuyisa indawo eyathathwa yiRoyal Marines ngo-1704. IGibraltar inenani lentela yenhlangano eliphansi kakhulu 10% futhi isemhlabeni jikelele ihabhu yezinkampani zokugembula.
Cishe bangu-670 abasebenzi baseBrithani abemi ezindaweni ezine eGibraltar, kufaka phakathi sezindiza kanye nedokodo. Izindawo zokulala zifaka iDeveli's Tower Camp kanye nedamu lokubhukuda eliqhutshwa yi-MOD.
Zonke ezinye izindawo ezingabanjelwa intela zaseBrithani zingatholakala zixhuma phesheya kwe-Atlantic Ocean. Bermuda, indawo yaseBrithani maphakathi ne-Atlantic, ibalwa njengezwe lesibili emhlabeni “kudla kakhulu”Indawo yentela.
Iqukethe indawo encane yezempi eWarwick Camp, ephethwe ngamalungu angama-350 e- IRoyal Bermuda Regiment okuyi "ehlangene ebuthweni laseBrithani ”futhi kuyaliwe yisikhulu saseBrithani.
Uhlelo olufanayo lukhona ensimini yaseBrithani Montserrat eCarribean, efakwa ngezikhathi ezithile ohlwini lwezindawo zokukhokhela intela. Ukuphepha kwalesi siqhingi kunikezwa amavolontiya endawo angama-40 eRoyal Montserrat Defence Force azinze eBrades.
Le modeli ibonakala inezinhlelo eziphefumulelwe zezinhlelo ezifanayo ku- Cayman Islands futhi AmaTurkey namaCaicos, izindawo ezimbili zaseBrithani Carribean okuyizindawo zombili eziyizindawo ezinkulu zentela.
Kusukela ngo-2019, kube nemizamo yokusungula i- Ibutho LaseCayman Islands, okuhlose ukuqasha amasosha ayi-175 ngasekupheleni kuka-2021. Ukuqeqeshwa okuningi kwesikhulu sekwenzekile eSandhurst e-UK. Izinhlelo ze AmaTurkey neCaicos Regiment kubonakale kungathuthuki kangako.
AMAMERIKA
Ngenkathi lokhu kufakwa kwezempi eCaribbean kungenakwenzeka ukuthi kukhule kube ngosayizi omkhulu, ubukhona base-UK ku Falkland Islands eSouth Atlantic kukhulu kakhulu futhi kuyabiza kakhulu.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili ngemuva kwempi yaseFalklands ne-Argentina, i-UK igcina izindawo eziyisithupha ezihlukene eziqhingini zonke. Ikamu nezindiza eRAF Mount Pleasant inkulu kunazo zonke, kepha incike esikhumulweni semikhumbi eMare Harbour namatilosi amathathu emicibisholo elwa nezindiza eMount Alice, eByron Heights naseMount Kent.
Imvelo yabo ekude ikhiphe isimilo sokuhlukumeza.
Umakadebona weRAF uRebecca Crookshank uthi wenziwa ngaphansi kwakhe ukuhlukunnyezwa ngokobulili lapho ngisebenza njengowesifazane kuphela owayefuna eMount Alice ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Abasebenzi abangahambeli lutho bambingelela lapho efika futhi bamhlikihla ngesitho sabo sangasese ngesiko lokuthwasa elingcolile. Kamuva waboshelwa ngentambo embhedeni.
Lesi sigameko kusolakala ukuthi senzeke ezikhungweni lapho iMOD isebenzise khona £ 153-million ngo-2017 ukufaka uhlelo lwezokuvikela lomoya iSky Saber, iningi lalo olunikezwa yinkampani yezikhali yakwa-Israyeli, iRafael. Lesi senzo sagxekwa ngaleso sikhathi, uma kubhekwa umlando kaRafael wokunikeza imicibisholo e-Argentina.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zingosi, kukhona okwasendaweni ukuzivikela Ikamu enhlokodolobha yaseStanley, ngenkathi imikhumbi yaseRoyal Navy igcina ukugada olwandle njalo.
Umphumela wenetha ubukhona bezempi phakathi 70 nabasebenzi be-MOD abayi-100, yize iziQhingi zeFalkland Uhulumeni kubeka isibalo siphakeme kakhulu: amasosha ayi-1,200 400 nosonkontileka abangu-XNUMX abangabantu.
Akukho kulokhu okushibhile. Ukubeka amasosha nemindeni yawo phesheya kwezilwandle kudinga izindlu, izikole, izibhedlela nomsebenzi wobunjiniyela, owenganyelwe yinhlangano kahulumeni Yezokuvikela Ingqalasizinda (i-DIO).
I-DIO inohlelo lokutshala imali lweminyaka eyi-10 yeFalklands ebekelwe u- £ 180-million. Cishe ikota yalokhu isetshenziselwe ukugcina amasosha efudumele. Ngo-2016, £ 55.7-million waya endlini yokubilisa kanye nesiteshi samandla esakhiweni sasekomkhulu lezempi iMount Pleasant.
Ngo-2018, iMar Harbor yanwetshwa ku- izindleko ze- £ 19-million, ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla nezinye izinto kungafinyelela emasosheni kalula. Ukuhlanza, ukupheka, ukukhipha imigqomo neminye imisebenzi yezokuphatha kubiza enye imali eyi- £ 5.4-million ngonyaka, ekhokhwa kwinkampani yokukhipha imali Sodexo.
Le mali isetshenzisiwe nguhulumeni yize bekuyiminyaka eyishumi kusenkingeni ezwenikazi lase-UK, lapho bekukhona khona umakadebona wamasosha oneminyaka engu-59 uDavid Clapson die ngo-2014 ngemuva kokumiswa kwesibonelelo sababefuna umsebenzi. UClapson wayenesifo sikashukela futhi wathembela ekutholakaleni kwe-insulin efrijini. Wayesele ne- £ 3.44 ebhange lakhe futhi wayesephelelwe ugesi nokudla.
IFalklands nayo isebenza njengesixhumanisi se- I-British Antarctic Territory, indawo enkulu ebekelwe ukuhlola kwesayensi. Isiteshi salo sokucwaninga e I-Rothera uthembele ekusekelweni kwempahla evela embuthweni wezempi wase-UK futhi kunikwa amandla kabusha yi Umvikeli we-HMS, umkhumbi wokugada iqhwa eRoyal Navy onabantu abangaba ngu-65 Abasebenzi imvamisa kugibele.
Ukugcina ubukhona 'obungaphambili' obunjalo e-Antarctica naseFalklands kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yensimu ebizayo yaseBrithani eSouth Atlantic, e-Ascension Island, emigwaqeni yayo Inkundla yezindiza ebanzi isebenza njengebhuloho lomoya phakathi kweMount Pleasant neRAF Brize Norton e-Oxfordshire.
I-Ascension isanda kuthola izindaba ngeziphakamiso zeHhovisi Lamazwe Angaphandle lokwakha isikhungo sokuboshwa kwabafuna ukukhoseliswa kulesi siqhingi, esingamakhilomitha ayi-5,000 XNUMX ukusuka e-UK. Empeleni uhlelo olunjalo cishe aluqhubeki.
I-runway idinga izindleko ezibizayo ukulungiswa, kanye ne-ejensi eyimfihlo yezinhloli yaseBrithani i-GCHQ inobukhona obubonakalayo lapho eCat Hill.
Sekukonke kubonakala kunezindawo ezinhlanu zamasosha nezobunhloli e-Ascension, kufaka phakathi indawo yokuhlala eTravelers Hill nezindawo zokuhlala abashadayo eTwo Boats naseGeorge Town.
Umbutho wezindiza waseMelika kanye ne-National Security Agency basebenzisana nabasebenzi base-UK bakulesi siqhingi, ubudlelwano obukhonjiswe e I-united states lapho 730 AmaBrithani asakazeke ezweni lonke.
Amaningi awo ahlanganiswe ezikhungweni zamasosha ase-US ezungeze iWashington DC nezindawo zeNATO eNorfolk, eVirginia. I-RAF inabasebenzi ababalelwa ku-90 abazinze e- I-Creech I-Air Force Base eNevada, lapho indiza khona i-Reaper drones emisebenzini yokulwa emhlabeni wonke.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekukhona nokuthunyelwa okukhulu kwabashayeli bezindiza beRAF kanye nabakwaNavy kwezinye izinkundla zezindiza e-US, lapho bebefunda khona ukushayela indiza entsha yesiteleka i-F-35. Lolu hlelo lubonile 80 British Abasebenzi ukuqhuba ukuqeqeshwa kwesikhathi eside e Edwards I-Air Force Base (AFB) eCalifornia.
Ezinye izingosi ezibandakanyeke kuhlelo lokuqeqesha i-F-35 zifaka phakathi i-Eglin AFB eFlorida, esikhumulweni sezindiza iMarine Corps I-Beaufort eSouth Carolina naseNavy Air Station UMfula iPatuxent eMaryland. Ngo-2020, abaningi balaba bashayeli bezindiza babuyela e-UK bayozijwayeza ukundiza ama-F-35s avela kubathwali bezindiza abasha beRoyal Navy.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuthunyelwa, kukhona izikhulu zamasosha aseBrithani ezishintshanisa ngamayunithi ahlukahlukene ase-US. NgoSepthemba 2019, iBritish Major General Gerald Strickland wabamba isikhulu indima enkanjini yamasosha aseMelika eFort Hood, eTexas, lapho abesebenza khona ku-Operation Inherent Resolve, umkhankaso wokulwa noMbuso wamaSulumane eMiddle East.
Kubuye kube nabasebenzi baseBrithani abebekade bekhona ngaphakathi kweSpace Force kaMongameli uTrump. NgoDisemba odlule, kwabikwa ukuthi iSekela Lomqondisi weSikhungo Esisebenza Ngokuhlanganiswa Komkhathi e UVandenberg I-Air Force Base eCalifornia yayiyi "Group Captain Darren Whiteley - isikhulu seRoyal Air Force esivela e-United Kingdom".
Esinye sezisekelo ezimbalwa zaseBrithani zaphesheya kwezilwandle Kubukeka okusongelwa ukubuyekeza kukahulumeni kwezokuvikela ibanga lokuqeqeshwa kwamathangi eSuffield e Canada, lapho kugcinwa khona abasebenzi abasebenza unomphela ababalelwa ku-400 1,000 izimoto.
Amaningi alawa mathangi we-Challenger 2 kanye ne-Warrior Infantry Fighting Vehicles. Ukubuyekezwa Kwezokuvikela kulindeleke ukuthi kumemezele ukuncishiswa ngosayizi wamandla ethangi laseBrithani, okuzonciphisa isidingo sesisekelo eCanada.
Kodwa-ke, akukho phawu lokuthi esinye isikhungo esikhulu saseBrithani eMelika, e Belize, izodliwa izembe ngokubuyekezwa. Amasosha aseBrithani agcina ikamu elincane esikhumulweni sezindiza esikhulu saseBelize lapho bethola khona izindawo eziyi-13 zokuqeqeshelwa impi yasehlathini.
I-Declassified muva nje embule ukuthi amabutho aseBrithani akwazi ukufinyelela okukodwa kwesithupha yomhlaba waseBelize, kufaka phakathi indawo evikelekile yehlathi, yokuqeqeshwa okunjalo, okubandakanya ukudubula izibhamu, izikhali kanye "nokuqhuma imishini ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane". IBelize ingelinye lamazwe ahlukahlukene kakhulu emhlabeni, ikhaya "lezilwane ezisengozini enkulu" nezindawo ezingandile zemivubukulo.
Ukuzivocavoca eBelize kwenziwa yiBritish Army Training Support Unit Belize (IBATSUB), etholakala ePrice Barracks ngaseBelize City. Ngo-2018, iMOD yachitha u- £ 575,000 endaweni entsha yokulungisa amanzi enkanjini.
AFRIKA
Esinye isifunda lapho amasosha aseBrithani asagcina izisekelo zamasosha yi-Afrika. Ngesikhathi sama-1950, ibutho laseBrithani lacindezela amasosha alwa namakholoni eKenya ngokusebenzisa amakamu okuhlushwa lapho iziboshwa zahlukunyezwa khona wathenwa.
Ngemuva kwenkululeko, ibutho laseBrithani likwazile ukugcina isizinda salo eNyati Camp eNanyuki, esifundeni iLaikipia. Yaziwa njengeBATUK, iyisizinda samakhulu amasosha aseBrithani eKenya.
IBrithani inezinye izindawo ezinhlanu eKenya futhi 13 izindawo zokuqeqesha, ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela amasosha ngaphambi kokuba athumele e-Afghanistan nakwezinye izindawo. Ngo-2002, iMOD yakhokha u- £ 4.5-million ku- Isinxephezelo kumakhulu amaKenya ayelinyazwe izikhali ezingadalulwanga ezadutshulwa ngamasosha aseBrithani kulezi zinkundla zokuziqeqesha.
Kusuka eNyati, amasosha aseBrithani nawo asebenzisa eziseduze Laikipia isizinda somoya, nendawo yokuqeqesha e- Abathumbi Abathumelayo eLaresoro nase Mukogodo eDol-Dol. Enhlokodolobha iNairobi, amasosha aseBrithani ayakwazi ukufinyelela Ikamu leFaru eKahawa Barracks kanye ne-International Peace Support Training Centre e Karen.
Isivumelwano esasayinwa ngo-2016 sachaza ukuthi: “Amabutho Azovakasha azohlonipha futhi azwele amasiko, amasiko namasiko emiphakathi yasendaweni lapho abekwe khona eSizweni Esibambile.”
Amasosha aseBrithani nawo aziwa ukusetshenziswa abathengisa ngomzimba endaweni.
I-Amnesty International isola ukuthi bangu-10,000 XNUMX abantu abashonile abashone emakamu okuboshwa aphethwe ngamasosha aseNigeria, elinye lawo ebeliyingxenye exhaswe yi-UK.
Kube nemizamo yokuhlasela amasosha aseBrithani eKenya. NgoJanuwari, amadoda amathathu ayekhona waboshwa ngokuzama ukungena eLaikipia futhi babuzwa imibuzo ngamaphoyisa alwa nobushokobezi.
Kukholakala ukuthi bahlobene neqembu i-Al Shabaab elingomakhelwane Somalia, lapho amabutho aseBrithani nawo ekhona khona unomphela. Amaqembu okuqeqesha amasosha amiswe esikhumulweni sezindiza iMogadishu, nelinye iqembu e- IBaidoa Isikhungo Sokuqeqesha Ezokuphepha.
Ukuba khona okuncane kwamasosha aseBrithani kungatholakala eCamp Lemonnier ku Djibouti, lapho amabutho ase-UK ebandakanyeka khona Drone ukusebenza phezu koPhondo lwe-Afrika ne-Yemen. Leli sayithi eliyimfihlo lixhunywe nge-fiber optic esheshayo cable kuya UCroughton indawo yezinhloli eNgilandi, exhunywe ekomkhulu le-GCHQ eCheltenham. IDibibouti iphinde yaxhunyaniswa nemisebenzi yamabutho akhethekile ase-UK e-Yemen.
Ubukhona baseBrithani obugqame kakhulu buyagcinwa eMalawi, lapho amasosha aseBrithani abelwa khona ukulwa nemishini yokuzingela ngokungemthetho eLiwonde National Park naseNkhotakota naseMajete Wildlife Reserves.
Ku-2019, isosha elineminyaka engu-22, Mathewu Talbot, wanyathelwa yindlovu eLiwonde. Kwakungekho ukwesekwa kwendiza enophephela emhlane ekubekeni indiza amasosha alimele futhi kwathatha amahora amathathu ukuthi abosizo lokuqala bafike kuye. UTalbot ushone ngaphambi kokufika esibhedlela. Uphenyo lweMOD lwenze izincomo ezingama-30 zokwenza ngcono ezokuphepha ngemuva kwalesi sigameko.
Okwamanje entshonalanga ye-Afrika, isikhulu esisodwa saseBrithani sisekhona ugijima the IHorton Academy, isikhungo sokuqeqeshelwa ezempi, e Sierra Leone, ifa lokubandakanyeka kweBrithani empini yombango yezwe.
In Nigeria, cishe amasosha ayisishiyagalombili aseBrithani abolekiswe amabutho ahlomile aseNigeria, phakathi kwerekhodi lawo eliphikisayo lamalungelo abantu. Amasosha aseBrithani abonakala ekwazi ukufinyelela njalo Isikhumulo sezindiza saseKaduna lapho beqeqesha khona amabutho endawo ukuthi aqaphele usongo oluvela eBoko Haram.
I-Amnesty International iyakusola lokho 10,000 izakhamizi zishone emakamu okuboshwa aphethwe ngamasosha aseNigeria, elinye lawo ebeliyingxenye exhaswe yi-UK.
Ukuba khona kwamasosha aseBrithani e-Afrika kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulo nyaka ngokuthunyelwa kwebutho "lokugcina ukuthula" Mali eSahara. Izwe linyakaziswe yizimpi zombango nobuphekula selokhu kungenelele i-NATO eLibya ngo-2011.
Amasosha ase-UK asebenze namabutho aseFrance eMali ngaphansi kwesibhengezo se-Operation Newcombe cishe ngokuqhubekayo selokhu kungenelele iLibya. I-oda lamanje lempi lifaka izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zeRAF Chinook ezinze ohambweni lokundiza lweGao ezindizayo 'ezindaweni ezithile ezikude ezigcinwe ngamasosha aseFrance alahlekelwe kakhulu. I-SAS nayo kubika ezosebenza endaweni.
Ikusasa lalo mkhankaso belisengcupheni selokhu amasosha aseMali aqala ukuvukela umbuso ngo-Agasti 2020, kulandela imibhikisho emikhulu yokuphikisana nokuba khona kwamabutho angaphandle kuleli kanye neminyaka yokukhungatheka ngendlela uhulumeni aphethe ngayo udweshu.
Inothi ngendlela yethu: Sichaze “phesheya kwezilwandle” njengangaphandle kwe-United Kingdom. Isisekelo kumele sibe nokuhlala unomphela noma isikhathi eside eBrithani ngo-2020 ukuze kubalwe. Sifake izisekelo ezenziwa ezinye izizwe, kepha kuphela lapho i-UK inokufinyelela okukhona noma ubukhona obubalulekile. Sibalile kuphela izisekelo ze-NATO lapho i-UK inendawo enkulu yokulwa isib.
