(Lesi yisigaba 37 se- World Beyond War iphepha elimhlophe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War. Qhubeka esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)
Isigaba 42 seTshatha sinika UMkhandlu wezokuPhepha isibopho sokugcina nokubuyisela ukuthula. Kuwukuphela komzimba we-UN onegunya elibophayo emazweni angamalungu. UMkhandlu awunalo ibutho elihlomile ukwenza izinqumo zalo; kunalokho, inegunya lokubopha ukubiza amabutho ahlomile oMazwe angamalungu. Kodwa-ke ukwakheka nezindlela zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha kuyacashunwa futhi kusebenza ngempumelelo ekugcineni ukugcina noma ukubuyisa ukuthula.
Ukubunjwa
UMkhandlu wakhiwa ngamalungu e-15, ama-5 awo unomphela. Lawa ngamandla anqobayo eMpini Yezwe II (i-US, Russia, UK, France ne China). Futhi bangamalungu anamandla we-veto. Ngesikhathi sokubhalwa ku-1945, bafuna le mibandela noma bebengeke bavume ukuthi i-UN ibe khona. Lezi ezinhlanu zaphakade zifuna futhi zinazo izihlalo eziholayo ezinhlanganweni ezilawulayo zamakomidi amakhulu e-UN, zibanike ithonya elingalingani futhi elingakhethi.
Umhlaba usushintshe kakhulu emashumini eminyaka angenelelayo. I-UN isuka emalungwini e-50 yaya kwi-193, kanti ukulinganisa kwenani labantu sekushintshe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela izihlalo zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha eyabelwe ngayo izifunda ze-4 nayo ayimeli neYurophu ne-UK inezihlalo ze4 ngenkathi iLatin America ine-1 kuphela. I-Afrika nayo yethulwe ngaphansi. Kuyaqabukela ukuthi isizwe samaSulumane simelwe eMkhandlwini. Sekuyisikhathi esidlule ukulungisa lesi simo uma i-UN ifuna ukuyalela inhlonipho kulezi zifunda.
Futhi, uhlobo lwezinsongo zokuthula nokuphepha lushintshe kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kokuhlelwa kwamanje kungenzeka ukuthi kwaba nengqondo uma kunikezwa isidingo semvumelwano enkulu yamandla nokuthi izinsongo ezinkulu ekuthuleni nasekuvikelekeni zabonwa njengolaka oluhlomile. Ngenkathi ubudlova obuhlomile busabusongo - futhi ilungu elihlala unomphela e-United States isikhubekiso esibi kunazo zonke - amandla amakhulu ezempi cishe awanandaba nezinsongo eziningi ezintsha ezikhona namuhla ezibandakanya ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ama-WMD, ukunyakaza kwabantu abaningi, izinsongo zezifo zomhlaba, ukuhweba ngezikhali nobugebengu.
Isiphakamiso esisodwa ukukhulisa inani lezindawo zokhetho ziye kwi-9 lapho umuntu ngamunye engaba nelungu elilodwa elihlala njalo futhi nesifunda ngasinye sinamalungu aguqukayo e-2 ukuze anezele uMkhandlu wezihlalo ze-27, ngaleyo ndlela kuboniswe ubuqiniso bezwe, amasiko kanye nokwanda kwabantu.
Bukeza noma Susa i-Veto
The ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela isetshenziswa ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezine zezinqumo: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukuphoqelela noma ukubuyisela ukuthula, ukuqokwa esikhundleni sikaNobhala-Jikelele, izicelo zobulungu, nokuchibiyela i-Charter kanye nezindaba zenqubo ezingavimba imibuzo ukuthi ize ngisho naphansi. Futhi, kweminye imizimba, i-Permanent 5 ithambekele ekusebenziseni i-de facto veto. Emkhandlwini, i-veto isetshenziswe izikhathi ze-265, ngokuyinhloko yi-US kanye ne-Soviet Union yangaphambili, ukuvimba isenzo, imvamisa inikezela abangenamandla be-UN.
I-veto ihlanganisa uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha. Kuyinto engalungile kakhulu ngoba inika amandla abanikazi ukuthi bavimbele noma yisiphi isenzo sokwephulwa kwabo okwenqatshelwe ukwenqatshelwa kweCharter onolaka. Ibuye futhi isetshenziswe njengendawo ukuvikela iziphikiso zamakhasimende abo ezenzweni zoMkhandlu Wokuphepha. Isiphakamiso esisodwa ukumane ulahle i-veto. Okunye ukuvumela amalungu anaphakade ukuthi afake i-veto, kepha amalungu e-3 enza lokhu kuyodingeka ukuvimba ukudlula kodaba olukhulu. Izingqinamba zenqubo akufanele zibe ngaphansi kwe-veto.
Ezinye Izinguquko ezidingekayo zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha
Izinqubo ezintathu zidinga ukungezwa. Njengamanje akukho lutho oludinga ukuthi uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha usebenze. Okungenani uMkhandlu kufanele ucelwe ukuthi uthathe zonke izingqinamba ezisongela ukuthula nokuphepha futhi unqume ukuthi uzenze kanjani noma cha (“Umsebenzi Wokunquma”). Okwesibili “Isidingo Sokucacela Izinto.” UMkhandlu kufanele udalule izizathu zaso zokunquma noma ukunquma ukungayithathi inkinga yengxabano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMkhandlu uhlangana ngasese ngamaphesenti we-98 wesikhathi. Okungenani, izingxoxo zalo eziqinile zidinga ukucaca. Okwesithathu, “Umsebenzi Wokubonisana” uzodinga ukuthi uMkhandlu uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokubonisana nezizwe ezizothintwa izinqumo zawo.
(Qhubeka kuya esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)
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Bona ezinye izikhala ezihlobene "Ukuphatha Izingxabano Zamazwe Namazwe"
Bona ithebula eligcwele lokuqukethwe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War
