Uhulumeni wase-US kumele akhokhele izakhamizi zase-Afghanistan kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule yempi nokuntula ngesihluku.
nguKathy Kelly, Umagazini Oqhubekayo, Julayi 15, i-2021
Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli sonto, imindeni eyi-100 yase-Afghanistan evela eBamiyan, isifundazwe esisemakhaya enkabeni ye-Afghanistan ikakhulu ebinabantu abancane besizwe samaHazara, ibalekele eKabul. Besaba ukuthi amasosha aseTaliban azobahlasela eBamiyan.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ngazana nogogo okhumbula amasosha amaTalib abaleka ngawo-1990s, ngemuva nje kokuzwa ukuthi umyeni wakhe ubulewe. Kwathi-ke, wayengumfelokazi osemncane onezingane ezinhlanu, futhi izinyanga ezimbalwa ezibuhlungu amadodana akhe amabili abelahlekile. Ngicabanga nje izinkumbulo ezihlukumezekile ezamkhuthaza ukuba aphinde abaleke esigodini sakubo namuhla. Uyingxenye yesizwe esincane sakwaHazara futhi unethemba lokuvikela abazukulu bakhe.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokufaka usizi kubantu abangenacala base-Afghanistan, kuningi okusolwa okufanele kwabiwe.
AmaTaliban akhombise iphethini yokulindela abantu abangahle baphikisane nokubusa kwabo ekugcineni futhi ukwenza ukuhlaselwa kwangaphambili ngokumelene nezintatheli, izishoshovu zamalungelo abantu, abaphathi bezobulungiswa, abamele amalungelo abesifazane, namaqembu amancane afana neHazara.
Ezindaweni lapho amaTaliban ethathe ngempumelelo izifunda, kungenzeka ukuthi abusa phezu kwabantu abaqhubeka becasukile; abantu abalahlekelwe isivuno, amakhaya nemfuyo sebevele babhekana negagasi lesithathu le-COVID-19 nesomiso esibi.
Ezifundazweni eziningi ezisenyakatho, ukuvela kabusha AmaTaliban angalandelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kukahulumeni wase-Afghanistan, kanye nokuziphatha kobugebengu nokuhlukumeza abaphathi bezempi bendawo, kufaka phakathi ukuthathwa komhlaba, ukukhwabanisa nokudlwengula.
UMongameli u-Ashraf Ghani, ekhombisa ukuzwelana okuncane nabantu abazama ukubaleka e-Afghanistan, okukhulunywa ngakho kulabo abahamba njengabantu abafuna "ukuzijabulisa."
Kuphendula Enkulumweni yakhe yango-Ephreli 18 lapho enza lokhu kuphawula, owesifazane osemusha udadewabo, intatheli, osanda kubulawa, wathumela umyalezo ku-twitter ngobaba wakhe owayehlale e-Afghanistan iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nane, wakhuthaza izingane zakhe ukuba zihlale, futhi manje wayezwa ukuthi indodakazi ngabe isaphila ukube yahamba. Indodakazi esindile ithe uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan akakwazanga ukuvikela abantu bakhe, yingakho bezamile ukuhamba.
Uhulumeni kaMongameli Ghani ukhuthaze ukwakheka kwe- “Kuyaphakama” amasosha ukusiza ukuvikela izwe. Ngokushesha, abantu baqala ukubuza ukuthi uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan angawaxhasa kanjani amasosha amasha lapho esenazo izinhlamvu nokuvikelwa kwezinkulungwane zamabutho ezokuvikela ase-Afghanistan namaphoyisa endawo abaleke izikhundla zawo.
Umsekeli omkhulu wamaButho Aphikisayo, kubonakala sengathi yiNational Directorate of Security esabekayo, umxhasi wayo omkhulu yiCIA.
Amanye amaqembu ezempi aqongelele imali ngokufaka “intela” noma ukukhwabanisa okuqondile. Abanye baphendukela kwamanye amazwe esifundeni, onke aqinisa imijikelezo yodlame nokuphelelwa yithemba.
Ukulahleka okumangazayo kwe- ukususwa kwamabhomu agqitshwayo Ochwepheshe abasebenzela i-HALO Trust engenzi nzuzo kufanele bangeze kumuzwa wethu wosizi nokulila. Cishe ama-2,600 ama-Afghani asebenza neqembu elicekela phansi amabhomu asize ekwenzeni amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-80 omhlaba wase-Afghanistan aphephe emkhukhwini ongaqhunywanga osakazeke ezweni lonke ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amane yempi. Ngeshwa, amasosha ahlasela leli qembu, kwashona abasebenzi abayishumi.
I-Human Rights Watch uthi uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan akazange akuphenye ngokwanele lokhu kuhlasela futhi akazange aphenye nokubulawa kwabantu izintatheli, izishoshovu zamalungelo abantu, abefundisi, nabasebenza kwezomthetho ezaqala ukwanda ngemuva kukahulumeni wase-Afghanistan Waqala izingxoxo zokuthula namaTaliban ngo-Ephreli.
Kodwa-ke, ngokungangabazeki, iqembu elilwayo e-Afghanistan elinezikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nokufinyelela okubonakala kungapheli emalini bekuyi-United States. Izimali zachithelwa ukungaphakamisi abantu base-Afghanistan babase endaweni yezokuphepha okungenzeka ukuthi basebenze kuyo ukuze balinganise ukubusa kwamaTaliban, kodwa ukuqhubeka nokubakhungathekisa, bachitha namathemba abo okubusa okuzayo okuzayo ngeminyaka engamashumi amabili yempi kanye nobumpofu obunesihluku. Impi ibiyisandulela sokubuyela emuva okungenakugwemeka kwe-United States kanye nokubuya kweTaliban ebethukuthele futhi engasebenzi kahle ukubusa phezu kwabantu ababhidlikile.
Ukuhoxiswa kwamasosha okuxoxiswane ngakho nguMongameli uJoe Biden nezikhulu zamasosha aseMelika akusona isivumelwano sokuthula. Esikhundleni salokho, kukhombisa ukuphela komsebenzi odalwe ukuhlasela okungekho emthethweni, kanti ngenkathi amasosha ehamba, iBiden Administration isivele ihlela izinhlelo “Ngaphezulu” ukugadwa kwe-drone, iziteleka ze-drone, kanye neziteleka zezindiza "ezenziwe" ezingakhulisa futhi zandise impi.
Izakhamizi zase-US akumele zibheke kuphela imbuyiselo yezezimali yokubhujiswa okubangelwe yiminyaka engamashumi amabili yempi kepha futhi nokuzibophezela ekuqedeni izinhlelo zempi ezilethe udweshu olunjalo, isiphithiphithi, ukushonelwa nokufudukelwa e-Afghanistan.
Kufanele sizisole ngokuthi, ngesikhathi se-2013, lapho i-United States wachitha isilinganiso sezigidi ezimbili zamaRandi isosha ngalinye, ngonyaka, elimi e-Afghanistan, inani lezingane zase-Afghanistan eziphethwe ukungondleki lenyuka ngamaphesenti angama-2. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izindleko ze- engeza usawoti iodized ekudleni kwengane yase-Afghanistan ukusiza ekunciphiseni izingozi zokulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa indlala bekungaba amasenti ama-5 ngengane ngayinye ngonyaka.
Kufanele sizisole kakhulu ngokuthi ngenkathi i-United States isakha izizinda zamasosha ezinabile eKabul, inani labantu emakamu ababaleki lakhuphuka. Ngezinyanga ezinzima zasebusika, abantu ukuphelelwa yithemba ngoba imfudumalo ekamu lababaleki laseKabul izosha — bese kudingeka iphefumule — ipulasitiki. Amaloli athwele ukudla, uphethiloli, amanzi nempahla njalo wangena isikhungo samasosha aseMelika ngokushesha ngaphesheya komgwaqo kusuka kuleli kamu.
Kufanele sivume, ngehlazo, ukuthi osonkontileka baseMelika basayine amadili okwakha izibhedlela nezikole okwathi kamuva kwazimisela ukuthi kube yizo izibhedlela eziyizipoki nezikole eziyizipoki, izindawo ezingakaze zibe khona.
Ngo-Okthoba 3, 2015, lapho yisibhedlela esisodwa kuphela esasisebenzela inqwaba yabantu esifundazweni saseKunduz, i-US Air Force kuqhume ibhomu esibhedlela ngemizuzu engu-15 ngehora elilodwa nohhafu, kwashona abantu abangama-42 kubalwa nabasebenzi abayi-13, abathathu kubo okungodokotela. Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwasiza ukukhanyisa ubugebengu bempi bokuqhunyiswa kwezibhedlela ezibhedlela emhlabeni wonke.
Muva nje, e2019, abasebenzi bokufika eNangarhar bahlaselwa lapho a Drone wadubula imicibisholo ekamu labo lobusuku bonke. Umnikazi wehlathi likaphayini wayeqashe abasebenzi, kubandakanya nezingane, ukuba bavune amantongomane kaphayini, futhi wazisa izikhulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi, enethemba lokugwema noma yikuphi ukudideka. Abangu-30 babasebenzi babulawa besaphumule ngemuva kosuku olwalukhathaza ukusebenza. Bangaphezu kuka-40 abantu abalimele kabi.
Ukuphenduka kwe-US kombuso wokuhlaselwa ngama-drones ahlomile, okwenziwe e-Afghanistan nasemhlabeni wonke, kanye nosizi ngezakhamuzi ezingenakubalwa ezibulewe, kufanele kuholele ekwaziseni okujulile UDaniel Hale, impempe ye-drone eveze ukubulawa kwabantu okwasakazekile nokungakhethi.
Phakathi kukaJanuwari 2012 noFebhuwari 2013, ngokusho kwe- esihlokweni in I-Intercept, lezi ziteleka zasemoyeni “zabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-200. Kulabo, kuphela amashumi amathathu nanhlanu kuphela okuhlosiwe okuhlosiwe. Ngokwemibhalo, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 abantu ababulawa ezitelekeni zezindiza kwakungeyona into ababehlosiwe ngayo. ”
Ngaphansi komthetho i-Espionage Act, uHale uzobhadla ejele iminyaka eyishumi ngesikhathi egwetshwa ngoJulayi 27.
Kufanele sizisole ngokugasela ebusuku okwethusa izakhamizi, kwabulala abantu abangenacala, futhi kamuva kwavunywa ukuthi kwakususelwa kulwazi olungalungile.
Kumele sibheke ukuthi kuncane kangakanani ukunakekelwa kwezikhulu zethu ezikhethiwe
i-quadrennial “Inspector General on the upya wase-Afghanistan”
imibiko echaza ngokukhwabanisa, inkohlakalo, amalungelo abantu iminyaka eminingi
ukwephulwa nokwehluleka ukufeza izinhloso ezibekiwe ezihlobene nama-counter-narcotic noma
ukubhekana nezinhlaka ezikhohlakele.
Kufanele sithi siyaxolisa, siyaxolisa kakhulu, ngokuzenza sengathi sihlala e-Afghanistan ngezizathu zosizo, lapho, ngobuqotho, singaqondi lutho mayelana nokukhathazeka kosizo lwabesifazane nezingane e-Afghanistan.
Izakhamizi zase-Afghanistan zifuna ukuthula kaninginingi.
Lapho ngicabanga ngezizukulwane zase-Afghanistan ezihlupheke ngenxa yempi, umsebenzi kanye nokuhlala phansi kwamakhosi ezimpi, kubandakanya namasosha e-NATO, ngifisa sengathi singaluzwa usizi lukagogo osezibuza ukuthi angasiza kanjani ukondla, ukukhosela nokuvikela umndeni wakhe.
Usizi lwakhe kufanele luholele ekubuyisaneni emazweni ahlasela umhlaba wakhe. Elinye lalawo mazwe lingahlela ama-visa nokusekelwa komuntu ngamunye wase-Afghanistan manje ofuna ukubaleka. Ukubalwa kwensalela enkulu lo gogo nabathandekayo bakhe ababhekene nayo kufanele kuveze ukulungela okulinganayo ukuqeda zonke izimpi, kuze kube phakade.
Uhlobo lwalesi sihloko luvele okokuqala ku- Umagazini Oqhubekayo
I-Photo Caption: Amantombazane nomama, balinde iminikelo yezingubo ezinzima, iKabul, i-2018
Isikweletu Sezithombe: UDkt Hakim
Kathy Kelly (Kathy.vcnv@gmail.com) uyisishoshovu sokuthula nombhali onemizamo kwesinye isikhathi emholela emajele nasezindaweni zempi.
