Realign Ukusetshenziswa Kwezempi, Ukuguqula Ingqalasizinda Ukukhiqiza Imali Ngezidingo Zomphakathi (Economic Conversion)

(Lesi yisigaba 29 se- World Beyond War iphepha elimhlophe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War. Qhubeka esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)

Ukunciphisa ukuphepha njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla kuzoqeda isidingo sezinhlelo eziningi zezikhali nezisekelo zezempi, kunikeze ithuba kuhulumeni nezinkampani ezincike kwezempi ukuthi zishintshe lezi zinsiza ekudaleni ingcebo yangempela ngokusebenza emkhakheni ozimele ngokuhambisana nemigomo yemakethe yamahhala. Kunganciphisa futhi umthwalo wentela emphakathini futhi kudale amathuba emisebenzi amaningi. E-US, kuwo wonke ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 ezichithwa kwezempi ngaphezu kwenani lemisebenzi eliphindwe kabili lingadalwa uma inani elifanayo lisetshenziswe emkhakheni wezomphakathi.^i-note32 Ukuhwebelana kusuka ekushintsheni okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwemali kukahulumeni ngamadola entela ase-US kude nezempi kuya kwezinye izinhlelo kukhulu kakhulu.^i-note33

Ukusebenzisa imali "yezokuzivikela" kazwelonke kuyisayensi yezinkanyezi. I-United States yedwa ichitha ngaphezu kwamazwe alandelayo we-15 ahlangene empini yayo.^i-note34

I-United States isebenzisa u-$ 1.3 dollar ngonyaka ngonyaka we-Pentagon Budget, izikhali zenuzi (kwisabelomali soMnyango wezeMandla), izinsizakalo zezilwane, i-CIA kanye ne-Homeland Security.^i-note35 Umhlaba uwonke uchitha ngaphezulu kwama- $2 trillion. Amanani alobu bukhulu kunzima ukuwaqonda. Qaphela ukuthi imizuzwana eyisigidi ilingana nezinsuku eziyi-1, isekhondi elingu-12 billion lilingana neminyaka engama-1, kanti isekhondi elingu-32 trillion lilingana neminyaka eyi-1. Futhi nokho, izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lemali esetshenziswa ezempi emhlabeni alikwazanga ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-32,000/9, ukwanda kwenyukliya, ukuqeda ubushokobezi, noma ukuletha intando yeningi e-Iraq noma ukuthula eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani imali echithwa empini, ayisasebenzi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kwezempi nakho kuwukuqeda amandla kakhulu kwezomnotho wesizwe, njengoba kwasho isazi sezomnotho esiphayona u-Adam Smith. USmith waphikisa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezempi akukhiqizi ngokwezomnotho. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, izazi zezomnotho zazivame ukusebenzisa “umthwalo wezempi” cishe ngendlela efanayo “nesabelomali sezempi.” Njengamanje, izimboni zezempi e-US zithola imali eningi evela kuHulumeni kunanoma yiziphi izimboni ezizimele ezihlangene ezingakuyala. Izabelomali ezihlanganisiwe zePentagon zidlula inzuzo yazo zonke izinkampani zase-US. Ukudlulisela le mali yokutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni wemakethe yamahhala ngokuqondile ngezibonelelo zokuguqulwa noma ngokwehlisa izintela noma ukukhokha isikweletu sikazwelonke (ngezinkokhelo zaso ezinkulu zonyaka) kungafaka isikhuthazo esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Uhlelo Lokuvikela oluhlanganisa izinto ezichazwe ngenhla (futhi oluzochazwa ezigabeni ezilandelayo) lungabiza ingxenye encane yesabelomali samanje sezempi futhi luzobhala ngaphansi kwenqubo yokuguqulwa kwezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodala amathuba emisebenzi amaningi. Ibhiliyoni eyodwa yamadola yokutshalwa kwezimali kwezempi kwezempi idala imisebenzi eyi-11,200 kanti ukutshalwa kwezimali okufanayo kobuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile kuzoveza i-16,800, ekunakekelweni kwezempilo 17,200 nasemfundweni 26,700.^i-note36

Ukuguqulwa komnotho kudinga izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe, ezomnotho kanye nenqubo yezepolitiki ukuze kusuke ezimakethe zempi kuya ezimakethe zomphakathi. Kuyinqubo yokudlulisa izinsiza zabantu kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza umkhiqizo owodwa ekwenzeni omunye ohlukile; isibonelo, ukuguqula kusuka ekwakheni imicibisholo kuya ekwakheni izimoto ezilula zesitimela. Akuyona imfihlakalo: imboni yangasese ikwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuguqula imboni yezempi ukuba yenze imikhiqizo ewusizo emphakathini kungafaka amandla omnotho wesizwe esikhundleni sokusiphazamisa. Izinsiza ezisetshenziswa njengamanje ekwenzeni izikhali nokugcina izizinda zamasosha zizoqondiswa kabusha ezindaweni ezimbili. Ingqalasizinda kazwelonke ihlale idinga ukulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisa nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha njengemigwaqo, amabhuloho, inethiwekhi kaloliwe, igridi yamandla kagesi, izikole, amasistimu amanzi kanye nendle, kanye nokufakwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, njll. zigcwele izimboni zesevisi ezikhokha kancane futhi zincike kakhulu ekukhokhweni kwezikweletu nasekuthengisweni kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe uma sezenziwe ekhaya, umkhuba obuye wengeze ekulayishweni kwekhabhoni emkhathini. Ama-airbase amadala angaguqulwa abe yinxanxathela yezitolo kanye nentuthuko yezindlu noma ama-incubator amabhizinisi noma ama-solar-panel arrays.

Izithiyo eziyinhloko ekuguquleni umnotho ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi kanye nesidingo sokuqeqesha kabusha kokubili abasebenzi nabaphathi. Imisebenzi izodinga ukuqinisekiswa nguHulumeni ngenkathi ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kwenzeka, noma ezinye izinhlobo zesinxephezelo ezikhokhelwa labo abasebenza embonini yezempi njengamanje ukuze kugwenywe umthelela omubi emnothweni wokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okukhulu ngesikhathi soguquko lusuka empini luye ezweni. isimo sesikhathi sokuthula. Abaphathi bazodinga ukuqeqeshwa kabusha njengoba besuka emnothweni olawulayo baye kwezomnotho ezimakethe zamahhala.

Ukuze kube yimpumelelo, ukuguqulwa kudinga ukuba yingxenye yohlelo olukhulu lwezepolitiki lokunciphisa izingalo futhi kuzodinga ukuhlelwa kwe-meta kuzwelonke kanye nosizo lwezezimali kanye nokuhlelwa okujulile kwendawo njengoba imiphakathi enezisekelo zamasosha ibona uguquko kanye nezinkampani zinquma ukuthi yini indawo yazo entsha engaba kuyo. imakethe yamahhala. Lokhu kuzodinga amadola entela kodwa ekugcineni kuzokonga okungaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho okutshalwe ekuthuthukisweni kabusha njengoba izifundazwe ziqeda ukuchitheka kwezomnotho kwezindleko zezempi futhi esikhundleni salokho kube nezomnotho ezinenzuzo zesikhathi sokuthula ezidala izimpahla eziwusizo zabathengi.

Imizamo yenziwe yokugunyaza ukuguqulwa komthetho, njenge Umthetho Wokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali Zenuzi kanye Nokuguqulwa Kwezomnotho ka-1999, okuhlobanisa ukususwa kwezikhali zenuzi nokuguqulwa.

Umthetho walolu hlobo udinga ukwesekwa komphakathi okwengeziwe ukuze uphasiswe. Impumelelo ingase ikhule isuka esikalini esincane. Isifunda sase-Connecticut sidale ikhomishini ezosebenza kuguquko. Ezinye izifundazwe nezindawo zingalandela ukuhola kwe-Connecticut.

(Qhubeka kuya esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)

 

 

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Bona ezinye izikhala ezihlobene “Ukuphepha Okusebenzisa Amandla”

Bona ithebula eligcwele lokuqukethwe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War

amanothi:
32. Isampula yesivumelwano esalungiswa sokufeza lokhu singabonwa ku-Global Network for the Prohibition of Weapons and Nuclear Power In Space, at http://www.space4peace.org. (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)
33. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali emandleni ahlanzekile, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo kudala inani elikhulu kakhulu lemisebenzi kuzo zonke izigaba zeholo kunokuchitha imali efanayo nezempi. Ukuze uthole isifundo esiphelele bheka: Imisebenzi Yomsebenzi wase-US Yokusetshenziswa Kwezempi Nezidingo Eziyinhloko: Ukuvuselelwa kwe-2011. (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)
34. Zama ithuluzi lokubala lokuhwebelana elakhiwe yi-National Priorities Project. (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)
35. Bheka i-Stockholm International Peace Research Institute yase-Stockholm Imininingwane Yezindleko Zezempi. (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)
36. Dawuniloda ishadi likaphayi lenhlangano ye-War Resisters League ku https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/
files/2015%20pie%20chart%20-%20high%20res.pdf (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)