Akekho umhlaziyi wezempi noma ophikisana nobuphekula okholelwa ukuthi umbutho wamasosha owafaka isicelo e-Iraq naseSyria unethuba elincane kakhulu lokunqoba i-IS.
Impi yase-US 'e-Islamic State e-Iraq neLevant' noma i-ISIL, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-Islamic State of IS - intuthuko eyodwa enkulu kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US ngesikhathi se-2014 - iyaqhubeka nokudida labo abafuna umbono wayo wamasu. Kepha ikhambi lephazili lilele ekubhekweni okungahlobene nempendulo enengqondo ezintweni ezingokoqobo ezisemhlabathini.
Eqinisweni, konke lokhu kusho mayelana nezintshisakalo zezepolitiki kanye nezinhlaka zasekhaya.
Ngokusobala imizamo yamasosha aholwa yi-US ihlose “ukuqeda” i-Islamic State njengosongo ekuqineni kweMpumalanga Ephakathi nasekuvikelekeni kwe-US. Kepha akekho umhlaziyi wezempi ozimele noma ongumhlaziyi wobuphekula okholelwa ukuthi amabutho asetshenziswa e-Iraq naseSyria anethuba elincane lokufeza leyo nhloso.
Njengabameli baseMelika kuvunywa ngokukhululekile intatheli uReese Ehrlich, izindiza ezenziwa ngabaphathi baka-Obama ngeke zinqobe amaphekula e-IS. Futhi njengoba u-Ehrlich egcizelela, i-United States ayinabalingani abangabamba iqhaza ngokungenaphutha lengxenye enkulu yensimu enkulu ye-IS manje elawulayo. IPentagon ishiye phansi inhlangano eyodwa yamasosha aseSyria eyake yathathwa njengeyokhetho lokuxhaswa kwe-US - i-Free Syria Army.
Ngo-Agasti nyakenye, umhlaziyi wokulwa nobushokobezi, uBrian Fishman wabhala ukuthi akekho noyedwa “onikeze isu elibonakalayo lokunqoba [i-IS] elingahlanganisi ukuzibophezela okukhulu kwe-US emhlabeni….” Kepha uFishman uqhubeke, waveza ukuthi [IS] iyayidinga ngempela impi elethwa yi-United States, ngoba: "[W] ar enza ukunyakaza kwe-jihadist kube namandla, ngisho naphezu kokwehlula okukhulu kweqhinga nokusebenza."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-IS uqobo kumele iqondwe njengomphumela wokulandelana okubi kakhulu kwemikhankaso yezempi yase-US kusukela ngesikhathi se-9/11 - ukuhlasela kwe-US nokuhlala kwe-Iraq. Impi yase-US e-Iraq yayinomthelela omkhulu ekudaleni izimo zokuthi ongqondongqondo bamaSulumane bakwamanye amazwe bachume kulelo zwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu ahlangana ekugcineni azungeze i-IS afunda ukuthi angazakha kanjani "izinhlangano eziguquguqukayo" kusukela eshumini leminyaka elwa namabutho ase-US, ngaleso sikhathi owayenguMqondisi Wezobunhloli, uMichael Flynn uye waphawula. Futhi ekugcineni, i-US yenza IS ngamabutho amabutho amakhulu ukuthi abe namuhla, ngokuguqula ngaphezulu kwezigidigidi zamadola emishini ukuba ibe yibutho elonakele nelingafanele i-Iraq manje eliye lawa futhi laphendulela izikhali zalo eziningi kubashokobezi be-jihadist.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi nantathu lapho ukuphatha nezinhlaka zokuphepha zikazwelonke zilandele izinqubomgomo kulo lonke eliseMpumalanga Ephakathi ezibonakala zingeyinhle emibhalweni yokuphepha nokuzinza okunengqondo, kudingeka inkambiso entsha yokuqonda izisusa zangempela zokuqalisa kwamasu amasha afana nempi IS. Incwadi entsha kaJames Risen, Khokha Noma iyiphi Intengo: Ukuhaha, Amandla Nempi Engapheli, kukhombisa ukuthi isici esiyisisekelo secebo elilodwa lokuziqhenya elihlulekile ukuziqhenya ngokulandela elinye selokhu i-9 / 11 kube ngamathuba amakhulu ukuthi abaphathi beziphathimandla banikezwe amandla abo wokwakha amandla abo nesimo sabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubufakazi obungokomlando bembula iphethini yabongameli abaphishekela ukungena kwezempi kanye nezinye izinqubomgomo ngenxa yamagagasi ombono womphakathi noma ukwesaba ukuthi abeluleki babo bezokuphepha kuzwelonke bangabamangalela ukuthi bathambile ezitheni noma ezokuphepha kuzwelonke. Endabeni ka-Obama, zombili lezi zinto zadlala indima ekwakhiweni kwempi nge-IS.
Abaphathi baka-Obama babheka ukuthi i-IS Force 'kaJuni ithathwa ngochungechunge lwamadolobha aseTigris Valley e-Iraq njengosongo lwezepolitiki kubaphathi uqobo. Imikhuba yohlelo lwezepolitiki lwaseMelika beludinga ukuthi akekho umongameli ongakhokhela ukubukeka ebuthakathaka ekuphenduleni ezenzakalweni zangaphandle ezidala ukusabela okuqinile komphakathi.
Akhe inhlolokhono yokugcina ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi njenge-Chief Intelligence Agency Chief - ushicilele ngalo kanye usuku amabhomu ezemigomo ye-IS aqala ngalo nge-7 Agasti - UGeneral Michael Flynn uphawule wathi: “Ngisho noMongameli, ngiyakholelwa, kwesinye isikhathi uzizwa ephoqelekile ukuthi enze into ethile ngaphandle kokuqala athi, 'Linda! Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? '”
Ngemuva kwalokho, uma iphindisela izindiza zaseMelika, YENZIWE ngamakhanda intatheli yaseMelika uJames Foley nentatheli yaseMelika-uSteven Sotloff, ikhuphula izindleko zepolitiki zokungazithathi izinyathelo ezinkudlwana zamasosha ngokumelana nezakhamuzi ezintsha zemithombo yezindaba. Ngisho nangemva kwevidiyo yokuqala ye-IS ebukekayo, iPhini Likeluleki Wezokuphepha Kuzwelonke, uBen Rhode utshele abezindaba ngo-25 Agasti ukuthi u-Obama wayegxile ekuvikeleni izimpilo zabantu baseMelika kanye nezinsiza kanye nenhlupheko yabantu, "equkethe" IS lapho bekhona futhi besekela inqubekela phambili yamabutho ase-Iraq naseKurdish.
URhode uphinde wakugcizelela ukuthi i-IS "kwakuyinhlangano egxile kakhulu", futhi nokuthi amabutho awakwazi "ukubakhipha emiphakathini abasebenza kuyo". Lokho kuqwashisa kusikisela ukuthi u-Obama wayekuqaphile ukuzibophezela kwakhe okuzogcina kumshiye engozini yokuphathwa ngamasosha nobunye ubuholi.
Ngemuva kwesonto ngemuva kokunqunywa kwesibili, u-Obama wazibopha ne-United States ukuthi ibambisane “nabangane kanye nabalingani bayo” "Dumaza futhi ekugcineni ubhubhise iqembu labashokobezi elaziwa ngokuthi [IS]". Esikhundleni sokudonswa kwe-mission, bekungumfutho othatha umoya ophuma kunqubomgomo yezokuphatha iziteleka ezingaphansi kwamaviki amathathu ngaphambili. U-Obama waphakamisa ukuzindla okucatshangelwe kakhulu ukuthi umzamo wamasosha wokulwa ne-IS kwakudingeka uvimbele usongo eMelika uqobo. Umbono obekushiwo ukuthi abashokobezi bazoqeqesha iningi labantu baseYurophu kanye nabaseMelika abebethontelana baye e-Iraq naseSyria ukuthi babuye "bayohlasela" ngokubulala.
Ngokuphawulekayo u-Obama wagcizelela esitatimendeni lapho eyibiza ngokuthi "isu lokulwa nobuphekula olunzulu nolusimeme" - kodwa hhayi impi. Ukuyibiza ngokuthi yimpi kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulawula ukunyakaza kwemishini ngokunikeza izindima ezintsha zamasosha ezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokuthi ekugcineni kumise ukusebenza.
Kepha izinsizakalo zamasosha nezinhlangano zobuphekula ezilwa nobushokobezi e-CIA, NSA naseSpecial Operation Command (i-SOCOM) zibheke ukuhlasela kwamasosha okukhulu, okunamacala amaningi ngokumelene ne-ISIL njengentshisekelo enkulu. Ngaphambi kokuhamba okumangazayo kwe-ISIL ku-2014, iPentagon nezinsizakalo zamasosha zabhekana nethemba lokuncipha kwesabelomali sokuvikela ngemuva kokuhoxa kwe-US e-Afghanistan. Manje i-Army, Air Force kanye ne-Special Operation Command ibone ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kufezwe izindima ezintsha zempi ekulweni ne-ISIL. ISpecial Operations Command, ebikade ingoka-Obama "Ithuluzi elithandwayo" yokulwa nabashisekeli abangamaSulumane, ibizokuhlupheka ngesabelomali sayo sokuqala esiyingqophamlando ngemuva kweminyaka engu-13 yokunyuswa kwemali okuqhubekayo. Bekuyi kubika "ukukhungatheka" ngokunikezwa iqhaza elivumela i-airstrikes yase-US futhi izimisele ukuthatha i-ISIL ngqo.
Ngo-12 Septhemba, bobabili uNobhala Wezwe, uJohn Kerry kanye noMeluleki Wezokuphepha Kuzwelonke, uSusan Rice bebesabiza i-airstrikes ngokuthi “umsebenzi wokuhlukumeza”, ngenkathi ukuvuma abanye abaphathi babefuna ukuyibiza ngokuthi “impi”. Kepha ingcindezi evela kwi-Pentagon kanye nabalingani bayo bokulwa nobushokobezi bokuvuselela ukusebenza “empini” yayisebenza kahle kangangokuba kwathatha usuku olulodwa ukufeza lolu shintsho.
Ngakusasa ekuseni, okhulumela ezempi, u-Admiral John Kirby utshele abezindaba"Ungenzi iphutha, Siyazi ukuthi silwa [ne-IS] ngendlela efanayo esilwa ngayo, futhi siyaqhubeka nokulwa, ne-al-Qaeda nababambisene nayo." Kamuva ngalolo suku, unobhala wezindaba eWhite House, UJosh Ernst wasebenzisa lolo limi.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhona e-Iraq naseSyria, impendulo enengqondo kunazo zonke empumelelweni yezempi ye-IS bekungaba ukugwema isenzo samasosha ase-US ngokuphelele. Kepha u-Obama wayenezisusa ezinamandla zokuthatha umkhankaso wamasosha owawungawuthengisela ezinhlwini zezepolitiki ezibalulekile. Akuwenzi mqondo amasu, kepha kugwema ubungozi obubaluleke kakhulu kosopolitiki baseMelika.
- UGareth Porter uyintatheli ephenya ezimele futhi ebhala ngomgomo wezokuphepha kazwelonke wase-US. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva, "Crisis Made: The Untold Story of the Iran Nuclear Scare," yashicilelwa ngoFebhuwari 2014.
Imibono evezwe kulesi sihloko ingeyomlobi futhi ayibonakalisisi inqubomgomo yomhleli we-Eye East Ephakathi.
Isithombe: UMongameli wase-US uBarack Obama ukwazile ukusuka engozini yokungena emishini, waya 'kwi-mission leap' (AFP)
