NguDavid Swanson, November 12, 2020
Incwadi entsha emnandi kaChris Lombardi ibizwa ngokuthi Angisamashiyi Okwengeziwe: Abaphikisi, Abagwadule, Nabavumayo Izimpi ZaseMelika. Kungumlando omuhle wezimpi zase-US, futhi zombili ukusekelwa nokuphikiswa kwazo, kugxilwe kakhulu emasosheni nakumaqhawe, kusuka ku-1754 kuze kube manje.
Amandla amakhulu encwadi ukujula kwemininingwane yayo, ama-akhawunti angajwayelekile ezwakala ngabasekeli bezempi, abaphikisi, abashaya impempe, ababhikishi, nazo zonke izingqinamba ezibamba abantu abaningi ngaphezu kwalezi zigaba. Kukhona into engikhungathekisayo, ngoba umuntu uzonda ukufunda ngezizukulwane ngezizukulwane ezikhula zikholelwa ukuthi impi ilungile futhi ihloniphekile, bese ufunda ukuthi akuyona indlela enzima leyo. Kepha futhi kunomkhuba omuhle obonakalayo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ukuqwashisa okwandayo kokuthi impi ayiyona inkazimulo - uma kungenjalo ukuhlakanipha okwenqaba yonke impi, okungenani umbono wokuthi impi kufanele ithethelelwe ngandlela thile engajwayelekile.
Ngesikhathi soguquko lwase-US, amanye amasosha athatha ngokungathi sína kakhulu ukuthanda abaphathi bawo umbono wokuthi balwela amalungelo ezakhamizi ezilinganayo. Bafuna lawo malungelo njengamasosha, futhi bavukela futhi babeka engozini yokubulawa ukuze bathole wona. Ukuphikisana akukaze kuphele phakathi kwezimangalo zokuthi amasosha abulala inkululeko futhi athi amasosha akafanele athole inkululeko.
Uhlaka loMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo luhlanganisa nelungelo lokwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza. Uhlobo lokugcina aluzange, futhi alukaze lwengezwe kuMthethosisekelo. Kepha sekuthuthuke njengelungelo ngezinga elithile. Umuntu angathola ukuthambekela okuhle okunjalo eceleni kwezimbi njengokuthuthuka kwamasu we-propaganda, futhi ahlanganiswe njengokuncipha nokugeleza kwamazinga okucwaninga.
AmaVeterans aqala izinhlangano zokuqala zokuthula ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi abe yingxenye enkulu yezishoshovu zokuthula kusukela lapho. IVeterans For Peace, inhlangano ebonakala ezahlukweni zakamuva zale ncwadi, kuleli sonto ibizama ukubuyisa usuku lwe-Armistice kusukela eholidini abaningi abalubiza ngoSuku LwamaVeterans.
Ama-veteran aphikisana nempi cishe ngabantu bencazelo abacabanga ngempi. Kepha abantu abangenakubalwa bangene ezimpini nasemasosheni ngenkathi bethi vele bayaphikisana nakho. Futhi amalungu amaningi ezempi aphikisana nawo wonke amazinga ahlukahlukene. Incwadi kaLombardi ifaka zonke izinhlobo zama-akhawunti athile, kusuka ku-Ulysses Grant eya empini eMexico ekholelwa ukuthi kwakungukuziphatha okubi nobugebengu, kubabambiqhaza bakamuva nje ezimpini bengavumelani nalokho abakwenzayo.
Okuvame kakhulu ukwenqaba ukuthumela bekungukushiywa. Okungajwayelekile kakhulu kunalokho, kepha okuvame ngokumangazayo, kube ukuhamba ukujoyina olunye uhlangothi - into ebonwa ezimpini zaseMexico, ePhilippines nakwezinye izindawo. Okuvame kakhulu kunanoma ikuphi ukwenqaba ukuthobela bekukhuluma ngemuva kweqiniso. Kule ncwadi sithola ama-akhawunti ngamasosha asebenzayo e-US kanye nama-veteran empi emuva emakhulwini eminyaka ekhuluma ngezincwadi nasemicimbini yomphakathi. Siyabona, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi izincwadi ezivela emasosheni ase-US eRussia zasiza ekuqedeni ukwenza impi e-US lapho ngo-1919-1920.
Siphinde sithole lapha umlando wobuciko be-antiwar nezincwadi ezivela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwama-veterans ngemuva kwezimpi ezahlukahlukene - kepha okuningi (noma ukuvinjelwa okuncane) kulandela ezinye izimpi kunezinye. Ngokuyinhloko, i-WWII ibonakala isasele ngemuva kwezinye izimpi ekwelashweni kwempi ngezincwadi namafilimu.
Ngezahluko zakamuva zencwadi, sifika ezindabeni zabantu abaningi abaziwayo namuhla naseminyakeni yakamuva enhlanganweni yokuthula. Noma kunjalo, nalapha sifunda izingcezu nezicucu ezintsha ngabangane bethu kanye nabalingani bethu. Futhi sifunda ngamasu okufanele azanywe futhi, njengokulahlwa kwasemoyeni kwama-flyer flyers ezisekelweni zamasosha ase-US.
ILombardi inaka kulawa makhasi ukuthi amalungu amasosha ayishintsha kanjani imiqondo yawo. Imvamisa ingxenye eyinhloko yalokho ukuthi umuntu ubanikeze incwadi efanele. Le ncwadi ingaqeda ukudlala leyo ndima uqobo.
Angisamashi futhi kusinikeza eminye yemilando egqagqanayo yenhlangano yokuthula nokunye ukunyakaza, njengamalungelo omphakathi. Ukunyakaza kokuthula kwaba negalelo elikhulu e-United States ngenkathi iMpi Yombango iboshelwe kunhloso enhle (noma ngabe umhlaba omningi waqeda ubugqila ngaphandle kwempi enjalo - umhlaba wonke awuzange ucabange ngokucinga kwe-US, noma kulokhu incwadi yalolo daba). Kepha ukumelana neWWII kwanika umfutho omkhulu ukunyakaza kwamaLungelo Abantu.
Uma nginokukhathazeka nge-akhawunti ebhalwe kahle kangako, ukuthi ekufundeni amakhasi okuqala kuyindaba yezisulu ezijwayelekile zezimpi eziningi, kuyilapho amakhasi akamuva ngokuyinhloko eyi-akhawunti yezisulu ezimbi kakhulu zezimpi. Kusukela ngeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba kuya phambili, izisulu eziningi zempi bekuyizakhamizi, hhayi amasosha. Ngakho-ke, le yincwadi ekhetha ukukhuluma ngamasosha futhi ivele yenzeke njengoba ibuyela emuva esikhathini esidlule ukuze ibe yincwadi ekhuluma ngomonakalo owenziwa yimpi.
