Ukuthi Kungenzeka Yini Ekugcineni Kungenzeka Ukushushisa Impi Njengebugebengu

NguDavid Swanson

Impi ubugebengu. I-International Criminal Court isanda kumemezela ukuthi ekugcineni izoyiphatha njengecala, uhlobo oluthile, oluhle. Kepha isimo sempi njengobugebengu singavimba kanjani umenzi wezimpi oholayo emhlabeni ukuthi asongele futhi aqale izimpi eziningi, ezinkulu nezincane? Imithetho emelene nempi ingasetshenziswa kanjani empeleni? Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi isimemezelo se-ICC senziwe into engaphezu kokuzenzisa?

I-Kellogg-Briand Pact yenza impi yaba yicala ngo-1928, kanti izenzo zonya ezahlukahlukene zaba amacala obugebengu eNuremberg naseTokyo ngoba kwakuyizingxenye zalobu bugebengu obukhulu. UMqulu Wezizwe Ezihlangene wagcina impi njengecala, kepha wayilinganisela empini “enolaka”, futhi wavikela noma yiziphi izimpi ezaziqalwa ngokugunyazwa yi-UN.

INkantolo Yomhlaba Yobulungisa (ICJ) ingazama i-United States ngokuhlasela izwe uma (i-1) lelo zwe liletha icala, futhi (i-2) i-United States yavuma le nqubo, futhi (i-3) i-United States inqume ukuvimba noma yisiphi isinqumo ngokusebenzisa amandla ayo okuvota eMkhandlwini wezokuPhepha we-UN. Ukuguqulwa okufisa ukuzayo esikhathini esizayo kufaka phakathi ukukhuthaza wonke amalungu e-UN ukuba amukele igunya eliphoqelekile le-ICJ, futhi aqede i-veto. Kodwa yini engenziwa manje?

INkantolo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezobugebengu (ICC) ingamangalela abantu ngamacala ahlukahlukene empi, kodwa kuze kube manje isizame abantu base-Afrika kuphela, yize sekuyisikhathi manje ithi "iphenya" ubugebengu base-US e-Afghanistan. Yize i-US ingelona ilungu le-ICC, i-Afghanistan iyilungu. Izinguquko ezifiselekayo zesikhathi esizayo ngokusobala zifaka phakathi ukunxusa zonke izizwe, kubandakanya ne-United States, ukuthi zijoyine i-ICC. Kodwa yini engenziwa manje?

I-ICC isiphelile kumemezela ukuthi izoshushisa abantu abathile (njengomongameli wase-US nonobhala “wezokuvikela”) ngecala “lokuhlukumeza,” okusho ukuthi: impi. Kodwa izimpi ezinjalo kufanele ziqalwe ngemuva kukaJulayi 17, 2018. Futhi labo abangashushiselwa impi kuzoba izakhamizi zalezo zizwe ezijoyine i-ICC kuphela futhi zaqinisekisa ukuchibiyela zengeza igunya phezu "kobudlova." Izinguquko ezifiselekayo zesikhathi esizayo ngokusobala zifaka phakathi ukunxusa zonke izizwe, kufaka phakathi ne-United States, ukuthi zivume ukuchitshiyelwa "kobudlova" Kepha yini engenziwa manje?

Indlela kuphela ephathelene nale migomo, i-UN Security Council yokudlulisela icala ku-ICC. Uma kwenzeka lokho, i-ICC ingashushisa noma ubani emhlabeni ngenxa yobugebengu bempi.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla omthetho anethuba lokuvimbela uhulumeni wase-US ukuba asongele futhi aqalise izimpi, sidinga ukukhohlisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izizwe eziyishumi nanhlanu eMkhandlwini wezokuPhepha we-UN ukucacisa ukuthi bazophakamisa le ndaba ukuze bavote. Abahlanu kulabo abayishumi nesishiyagalolunye banamandla okuvota, kanti enye yalezo ezinhlanu yi-United States.

Ngakho-ke, sidinga nezizwe zomhlaba ukuthi zimemezele ukuthi lapho uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha uhluleka ukudlulisa leli cala, bazoluletha lolu daba phambi kwe-UN General Assembly yizeUkuhlanganisa Ukuthula”Inqubo esimeni esiphuthumayo ukuze ibhale i-veto. Yilokhu nje okwenziwe ngoDisemba 2017 ukuphasisa ngokumangazayo isinqumo i-US ebesivotile, isinqumo esilahla i-US ibiza iJerusalema ngokuthi inhlokodolobha yakwa-Israyeli.

Akudingeki nje ukuthi sifinyelele kuzo zonke lezi zikhonkwane (ukuzibophezela kuvoti loMkhandlu wezokuPhepha nokuzibophezela kokunqoba i-veto ku-General Assembly) kodwa kudingeka sibonakale kusengaphambili ukuthi sizoqiniseka noma kungenzeka sikwenze kanjalo .

Ngakho-ke, World Beyond War iyaqalisa isikhalazo somhlaba wonke ohulumeni bezwe becela ukuzibophezela kwabo emphakathini ukubhekisa noma yimiphi impi eqaliswe yinoma yisiphi isizwe ku-ICC noma ngaphandle koMkhandlu wezokuPhepha. Chofoza lapha ukuze ungeze igama lakho.

Ngemuva kwakho konke, akuyona izimpi zase-US kuphela okufanele zishushiswe njengamacala, kepha zonke izimpi. Futhi, empeleni, kungabonakala kudingekile ukuthi kushushiswe abalingani abancane baseMelika ezimpini zayo “zobumbano” ngaphambi kokushushisa lo mholi oyindandatho. Inkinga akuyona eyokushoda kobufakazi, kunjalo, kodwa ngentando yezepolitiki. I-UK, iFrance, iCanada, i-Australia, noma omunye umuntu osebenza nozungu angalethwa yingcindezi yomhlaba neyangaphakathi (kanye nekhono lokunqanda uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN) ukuthobela umthetho ngaphambi kokuba i-United States yenze kanjalo.

Imininingwane eyinhloko yile: ngabe ukubhujiswa okuningi okuhlelekile nokubulala okunomthelela kuyimpi? Ingabe i-drone ihlasela impi? Ingabe ukukhuliswa kokuqala kanye nemakhaya ambalwa kuhlasela impi? Mangaki amabhomu enza impi? Impendulo kufanele ibe iyiphi ukusetshenziswa kwebutho lempi. Kodwa ekugcineni, lo mbuzo uzophendulwa ngcindezi yomphakathi. Uma singakwazi ukwazisa abantu ngakho futhi sikhuthaze izizwe zomhlaba ukuba zibhekise kucala, khona-ke kuyoba impi, ngakho-ke ubugebengu.

Nasi isinqumo sami sonyaka omusha: Ngiyathembisa ukusekela umthetho wokubusa, okungenzeka ukuthi awusakwazi ukwenza kahle.