Ibhalwe nguJon Letman, The Guardian
Izivakashi zithwebula izithombe ozishuthe zona ogwini olunesihlabathi esimhlophe, noma zichaphaze emanzini ase-aquamarine ngase-Ritidian Point, indawo esenyakatho ye-Guam, indawo eyisiqhingi sase-Pacific “lapho kuqala khona usuku lwaseMelika”.
Kuyisigameko esimangalisayo, kodwa esingabonakali, sifihlwe ngemva kwamawa aphakeme e-limestone, iUS military ilungele impi.
Uma ukungezwani phakathi kwe-US ne-China noma i-North Korea kuke kwaphumela ekulweni kwezempi, amabutho aseMelika lapha cishe angaba phakathi kwawokuqala ukwazi: I-Guam icishe iyibanga elifanayo ukusuka olwandle oluseNingizimu ne-China kanye neNhlonhlo YaseKorea.
Lesi siqhingi siyindawo engazibusanga yona - noma njengoba abanye bekubeka, ikoloni - ukubaluleka kwaso kwamasu kugcizelelwa ngezinga esilwa ngalo.
Cishe amaphesenti angama-28 esiqhingi ahlala amasosha, futhi iningi lezakhamizi eziyi-165,000 zesaba ukuthi ingqalasizinda yaseGuam izokhungatheka uma izinhlelo qhubekela phambili cishe kabili ubukhona bezempi base-US.
Amasosha aseMelika ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha okwamanje amisiwe esiqhingini, kodwa uhlelo lokunweba olubambezeleke isikhathi eside luzobandakanya amanye amasosha asolwandle angama-5,000 (izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ngokuzungeza) kanye nabancike ku-1,300 kusukela ngo-2022.
"Indaba yokulwa kwezempi eGuam ayinakuhlukaniswa nendaba yokuqoqwa kwamakoloni," kusho ummeli wamalungelo abantu uJulian Aguon ehhovisi lakhe eHagåtña, inhloko-dolobha yalesi siqhingi.
“Eqinisweni, kunzima ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi amasosha athinta kanjani abantu eGuam ngoba inkulu kakhulu. Isakhiwo sezempi nezimboni sisebenza ngokugcwele lapha. "
Ukusatshalaliswa kabusha kwasolwandle okuhleliwe ngokwengxenye kuwumzamo wokunciphisa ukungezwani esiqhingini sase-Japan sase-Okinawa, lapho kunokuphikiswa okunamandla khona kwebutho lezempi lase-US. NgoJuni, babalelwa ku-65,000 ababhikishi kubizwe ukuvalwa kwezisekelo zase-US esiqhingini saseJapan.
Kodwa nakuba ukuncishiswa kwamasosha kungase kwamukeleke e-Okinawa, akubona bonke abantu baseGuam abamagange ukubona ukunqwabelana.
"Into ekhona, ayiwehlisi umthwalo, imane iwususe kwenye indawo - kulokhu iye eGuam," kusho uDkt Vivian Dames, umsakazi weBeyond the Fence, uhlelo lweGuam Public Radio oluhlola umthelela wamasosha aseMelika.
“Asilona i-Okinawa, asisilona izwe langaphandle, asisilona izwe. Besiyikoloni laseMelika kusukela ngo-1898 kanye nezakhamizi zase-US kusukela ngo-1950. Ngakho-ke, ubudlelwano phakathi komphakathi wezempi namasosha bunzima kakhulu futhi bubambene kakhulu futhi buyaphikisana," kusho uDames.
“Akuyona nje indaba yokusekela noma ngokumelene nokwakheka,” kusho yena.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-United States iphoqa iJapan ukuthi isuke eGuam ehlobo lika-1944, i-US yathatha indima yomkhululi, yazuza kokubili ukutuseka nentukuthelo esobala namuhla: Izinga lokubhaliswa kwamasosha eGuam lihlala liphezulu kakhulu esizweni.
I-US futhi ashaqe umhlaba ukuze isetshenziswe yona. Eningizimu, i-Naval Base Guam ikhona ichweba lasekhaya emikhumbi-ngwenya yenuzi ehlasela ngokushesha kanye nethimba lendiza enophephela emhlane. Eduze, i I-Naval Ordnance Annex ihlanganisa amahektha ayi-18,000. Lesi siqhingi siphinde sibe yikhaya lika-a Isiteshi sekhompyutha sasolwandle kanye nezokuxhumana futhi Joint Region Marianas indlunkulu, eyengamele ukuhlolwa kwe-984,000-square-mile kanyeukuqeqeshwa komlilo ophilayo Indawo.
Enyakatho, isizinda samasosha asemoyeni ase-Andersen a ubukhona bebhomu obuqhubekayo kanye nemishini yokuqinisekisa amabhomu kanye nokuvimbela, okuhlanganisa ama-B-52 ayisithupha amasosha asemoyeni athi ahlinzeka “amandla esiteleka somhlaba wonke [wokunqanda abangaba izitha futhi anikeze isiqinisekiso kubalingani”.
Ukushayela isikhashana ukudlula ihlane elibiyelwe lezihlahla ze-tangan-tangan ezihlaselayo, aindawo yokuvikela esezingeni eliphezulu (THAAD) ibhethri yokuvikela imicibisholo yasetshenziswa ngo-2013. Muva nje, iNorth Korea yathi ingakwazi shaya izisekelo zase-US Pacificfuthi iChina seyenze umcibisholo obizwa ngokuthi “UGuam Killer".
Kwezinye izakhamizi zase-Guam, amamayela othango lwe-razor-wire azungeze izisekelo awumthombo wokucasuka - futhi ayisikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo sokubusa kwamasosha ase-US.
“Kufanele uqonde ukusebenza kwengqondo kocingo,” kusho uHope Cristobal, owayeyisigele esiShayamthetho saseGuam. "Kune-barricade ekutshela ukuthi, ngaphandle, abamukelekile ukungena."
Amanye amaphuzu okungeneliseki ahlanganisa uhlelo lwemfundo oluhlukanisiwe (izingane ezivela emindenini yamasosha ziya ezikoleni ezihlukene eziphethwe uMnyango Wezokuvikela), ukushaqwa komhlaba kwamashumi eminyaka, izibonelelo zezindlu zamasosha abaphikisi abathi ngokungafanele zigwedla izindleko zezindlu nezindlu, amanani ezehlisiwe okudla, uphethiloli. kanye nezinye izimpahla (ezilinganiselwe kubasebenzi bezempi), ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nomkhawulo wokufinyelela ezindaweni ezizimele, zomphakathi nezokhokho.
Kepha yize ezinye izakhamizi zikuzonda ukuba khona kwamasosha, abaningi emphakathini wamabhizinisi waseGuam bathi kubalulekile ngekusasa lesiqhingi.
“Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi njengomnotho waseziqhingini, owaseGuam untekenteke kakhulu. Sinezokuvakasha kanye nezempi kuphela - futhi sikudinga kokubili," kusho uJeff Jones, usihlalo wekomidi lezempi leGuam Chamber of Commerce.
Njengabanye abasekeli, uJones uthi ukuba khona kwamasosha eGuam akunikezi nje kuphela ukuphepha nokuzinza, kuletha izinzuzo eziqondile zezezimali ngendlela yokuqashwa kanye Izimali zesigaba 30 (ngaphezulu kuka-$100m ngonyaka), okuyimali engenayo yentela ekhiqizwa amasosha edluliselwe eGuam.
Ku-imeyili, uJones wakhomba cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-250 kumaphrojekthi ezempi asalindile njengama-igloos okugcinwa kwezikhali, ama-drone hangars, izikhungo zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi kanye nezindlu zabasebenzi (isakhiwo sasolwandle sidinga ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zomndeni owodwa ezingama-535 kanye nezinkambi ezintsha ezifika eshumini. ).
NgokukaJones, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu eGuam zihlanganisa ukuqashwa, imfundo, umnotho, ezempilo, ubugebengu nengqalasizinda. "Ukwakhiwa bekungekho naphezu kwezinkathazo zabavoti," kusho uJones.
Kepha abagxeki bachaza ubudlelwano beGuam namasosha njengento encikile, bethi amasosha angamandla angenele asebenzisa ubukhosi bezepolitiki kanye nobunikazi bamasiko.
Noma kunjalo, inkonzo yezempi imvamisa iyisiko lezizukulwane eziningi, elinamagatsha amaningi emindenini eminingi yaseGuam.
Unyaka ngamunye ngomhla zingama-21 kuJulayi, izixuku zezakhamizi zaseGuam zihlangana eduze kwe-Hagatna's Marine Corps Drive (eqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi i-Marine Drive ngo-2004) ukuze kube nombukiso wokugubha unyaka wase-Guam. usuku lwenkululeko futhi uhloniphe amasosha.
"Besilokhu sikhona amasosha," kusho usomlomo wesishayamthetho saseGuam, uJudith Won Pat, onezihlobo ezisebenza kuwo wonke amagatsha ezempi. “[Amasosha] agxile kakhulu emiphakathini yethu, ezimpilweni zethu. Kufana nemvelo yesibili kuwo wonke umuntu.”
EGuam, abamele amasosha, amasosha asemanzini kanye nabasemoyeni bonke banqabile izicelo zokuthi kuxoxwe ngazo, kodwa nge-imeyili, okhulumela izindaba zomphakathi wase-US Pacific u-Cmdr Dave Benham uthe, "Sisebenza futhi siqinisa ukulingana e-Asia-Pacific. . Ukuba khona kwamasosha phambili kanye nokuzibandakanya kwawo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni amakhono ezizwe zasePacific kanye nozakwethu ukuze bazivikele futhi bazivikele.”
Njengoba iGuam icubungula ikusasa lesimo sayo sezepolitiki kanye nobudlelwano ne-United States, abantu abaningi baseMelika basezwenikazi abalazi iqhaza elibalulekile lesiqhingi ekumeni kwe-US kwezokuvikela.
UDkt Robert Underwood, umongameli weNyuvesi yaseGuam nowayeyisithunywa kuCongress, ukhulume ngokuntula ukwazisa ngokuzidela kukaGuam. “Kulabo bantu abanendaba, [iGuam] iyisizinda samasosha futhi ivumela i-United States ukuthi iveze amandla ayo kule ngxenye yomhlaba. Kubantu abangenalwazi olutheni nge-Guam, ulayini wokulahla wezindawo ezikude noma ezikude: 'Uya kuphi?'”
Uqhube wathi, “Ukukhathazeka akuwona umbono womphakathi waseMelika. Ukukhathazeka ngempela ukuthi: ingabe iGuam inayo inqubomgomo ehambisanayo ngekusasa layo kanye nobudlelwano bayo nezempi. Futhi uma uzoba nobudlelwano obuqhubekayo nebutho lezempi, ulisebenzisa kanjani ukuze uzuze? Ngoba lonke uhlobo lobudlelwano lusekelwe ekucabangeni ukuthi iGuam inendima yezempi. "
Kuthathwe ku-Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/aug/01/guam-us-military-marines-deployment
