Ibhalwe nguPeter van den Dungen, Umagazini i-Peace Journalist, Okthoba 5, 2020
Ukuba khona kwezikhungo, izifundo, izingqungquthela kanye namajenali, izincwajana, nezinye izincwadi ezinikezelwe kubuntatheli bokuthula bekuzokwamukelwa kakhulu ngu-Alfred Hermann Fried (1864-1921). Ngokuqinisekile ubezosibona isidingo esiphuthumayo salolu hlobo lobuntatheli namuhla. I-Austrian yaba yintatheli yokuqala ukuklonyeliswa ngeNobel Peace Prize (1911). Namuhla, izintatheli eziningi ziye zashushiswa ngenxa yokuphishekela ukuthula, iqiniso nobulungisa.
Uzalelwe eVienna, uFried waqala njengomthengisi wezincwadi nomshicileli eBerlin ngaphambi kokuba abe yilungu elikhuthele neliholayo lenhlangano ehlelekile yamazwe omhlaba yokuthula eyavela kulandela ukushicilelwa kwenoveli kaBertha von Suttner elwa nempi, ethi Lay Down Your Arms! (1889). Phakathi neshumi leminyaka lokugcina lekhulu le-19, uFried washicilela incwadi encane kodwa ebalulekile yokuthula nyanga zonke eyahlelwa ngu-von Suttner. Ngo-1899 yathathelwa indawo yi-Die Friedens-Warte (The Peace Watch) eyahlelwa nguFried kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.
Usihlalo weNorwegian Nobel Committee wayibiza ngokuthi 'iphephabhuku elihle kunawo wonke enhlanganweni yokuthula, enezihloko ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili nezindaba zezinkinga zomhlaba wonke eziyizihloko.' Phakathi kwabanikela ngakho abaningi abavelele kwakukhona izifundiswa ezivela emikhakheni eyahlukene (ikakhulukazi izifundiswa zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe), izishoshovu, kanye nosopolitiki.
Kuyo yonke imibhalo yakhe eminingi, uFried wayehlale ebika futhi ehlaziya izindaba zezombangazwe zangaleso sikhathi ngendlela egxile esidingweni nokwenzeka sokudambisa imizwa evuthayo nokuvimbela izingxabano ezinodlame (njengoba kwenza u-von Suttner, intatheli yokuqala yesifazane yezombangazwe ngesiJalimane. ulimi). Bakhuthaze ngokungaguquki nangokungokoqobo indlela ekhanyiselekayo, yokusebenzisana futhi eyakhayo.
UFried wayengumbhali onesiphiwo kakhulu futhi owayesebenza ngokulinganayo njengentatheli, umhleli, nombhali wezincwadi, ezidumile nezifundiswayo, ngezihloko ezihlobene ezifana nenhlangano yokuthula, inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe, nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwazi kwakhe njengentatheli kuboniswa umqulu awushicilela ngo-1908 enemininingwane yezihloko zakhe zephephandaba ezingu-1,000 ezikhuluma ngenhlangano yokuthula. Wazehlukanisa ngokusobala nobuntatheli obujwayelekile bosuku lwakhe - ngokubhebhethekisa ukwesaba, inzondo, nokusolana phakathi kwamazwe - ngokuzibiza ngentatheli yokuthula. 'Ngaphansi Kwefulegi Elimhlophe!', incwadi ayishicilela e-Berlin ngo-1901, yayiqukethe izihloko ezikhethiwe nezindatshana zakhe futhi yayinesihloko esithi 'Kusuka kumafayela entatheli yokuthula' (Friedensjournalist).
Enkulumweni eyisethulo kumaphephandaba kanye nenhlangano yokuthula, ugxeke ukuthi laba bamuva banganakwa noma bahlekwa kanjani. Kodwa ukukhula kwayo okuqhubekayo kanye nethonya, kuhlanganise nokwamukelwa kancane kancane kohlelo lwenhlangano (ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kokulamula) yizifundazwe ukuze kuxazululwe izingxabano zazo, kwamenza wakholelwa ukuthi ushintsho olukhulu emibonweni yomphakathi lwaluseduze. Ezinye izici ezibe nomthelela kulokhu kuguquguquka okuyingqophamlando ukugcwaliseka okukhulayo komthwalo kanye nobungozi bokuthula okuhlonyiwe, kanye nezimpi ezibizayo nezilimazayo eCuba, eNingizimu Afrika naseShayina. UFried wagomela ngokunembile ukuthi izimpi zenziwa zaba nokwenzeka, ngempela azinakugwenywa, ngenxa yesiyaluyalu esasibonakalisa ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe. Isiqubulo sakhe - 'Hlela Umhlaba!' – kwakuwumbandela ngaphambi kokuncishiswa kwezikhali (njengoba kuvezwe encwadini kaBertha von Suttner ethi 'Beka Phansi Izikhali Zakho!') kungaba yinto engenzeka ngempela.
Nakuba achitha isikhathi esiningi namandla ehlela amajenali amaningana enhlangano yokuthula, uFried waqaphela ukuthi ayefinyelela izethameli ezimbalwa kuphela nokuthi 'ukushumayela kwabaguqukile' kwakungaphumeleli. Umkhankaso wangempela bekumele uqhutshwe emaphephandabeni ajwayelekile.
Isidingo sobuntatheli bokuthula sikhulu kunangaphambili, futhi ngoba imiphumela yezingxabano ezinodlame nempi iyinhlekelele kakhulu kunekhulu leminyaka edlule. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlelwa kanye nokufakwa kwezikhungo kobuntatheli bokuthula ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 kufanele kwamukelwe kakhulu. UFried uzame into efanayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lapho ethatha isinyathelo sokwenza i-International Union of the Peace Press. Naphezu kwemizamo yakhe emihle, yahlala isencane futhi lapho ubuntatheli bokuthula buvuselelwa ngemva kwezimpi ezimbili zomhlaba, imizamo yakhe yokuphayona yayisikhohlakale kakhulu.
Ngisho nalapho edabuka e-Austria, uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel 'wayecindezelwe futhi wakhohlwa' - isihloko somlando wokuqala we-Fried, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2006.
UPeter van den Dungen wayengumfundisi/umfundisi ovakashele ezifundweni zokuthula eNyuvesi yaseBradford,
I-UK (1976-2015). Isazi-mlando sokuthula, ungumdidiyeli jikelele ohloniphekile we-International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP).
