NguKristin Christman
Ukuhlukunyezwa kukahulumeni wase-US okuvezwe embikweni weSenate wakamuva kuwuphawu lwakamuva lokuxakeka kwenqubomgomo yabakwamanye amazwe ngezinsongo, amandla, nokulawula kunokuba kuxazululwe izinkinga.
I-9 / 11 ibingukuvuswa kovuko lokuthambekela ngokomuntu ezindabeni ezibalulekile, kepha ubuhlakani babususwa phansi busho ukuthi "bachitha futhi bhubhise amaphekula". Ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo kwezimpande zodlame ezinobudlova nokuzivikela bekuyobonisa abakhombisi bezinqubomgomo ukuthola izixazululo ezisebenzayo.
Abashokobezi bavezwa njengabanogazi, kanti abanye banjalo. Abanye banesixakaxaka esidabukisayo sokuphuma kwegazi nokuqunjelwa. Kepha abashokobezi abaningi bathukuthele ngokuqondile ngokubulawa nokuhlushwa ezandleni zohulumeni babo noma uhulumeni wase-US.
U-Kamal el-Said Habib waseGibhithe, obambe iqhaza ekubulaweni kuka-Anwar Sadat, ukuchaza kahle ukuhlukunyezwa okwesabekayo kweziboshwa zezepolitiki eGibhithe. Iziboshwa zizwa ukukhala kwabalingani abahlukunyezwa; Ukuhlushwa kufaka ukunyakaza okunobudlova futhi kukhulisa ukuzimisela ukufuna ukuziphindisela nobulungiswa. Kodwa-ke izintela zaseMelika zisekele ababushiqela abanesihluku futhi baxhasa ngezimali imikhosi yabo yezokuphepha yangaphakathi.
Abantu baseMelika abaningi bangabheka i-9 / 11 njengesiteleka sokuqala esingavinjelwanga ngokumelene ne-US, kepha abanye babheka le ngxabano njengokwasungulwa amashumishumi eminyaka. Mayelana nokushayisana kwe-Al Qaeda / US, uKamal uchaza ukuthi i-9 / 11, ngenkathi idelelekile, yayisisinyathelo esisodwa empini eyaqala kuma-1990s, lapho i-US imemezele impi yakhe namaSulumane ngokunikeza amandla ukuphepha kwangaphakathi kwabadayisi baseMiddle East. Izinsizakalo e-Algeria, eGibhithe naseSaudi Arabia ukubulala nokubopha amashumi ezinkulungwane zamasosha ezempi.
Impi elwa nobushokobezi ivezwa njengeNkululeko Fighters vs Labo Abasisizondayo Ngokwethu Ukukhululeka. Kepha abashokobezi abawona awokuzenzisa, kanti ngenkathi abanye bengaba ngabashiqela, abanye abaningi balwa ngqo ngoba bayenyanya ubushiqela. AmaSulumane, lawo maSulumane afisa ukuthi ohulumeni bawo basuselwe kwi-Sharia, ahlukahlukene, nencazelo kahulumeni wamaSulumani kanye nezimpawu zokuphila kwansuku zonke phakathi kwesizwe samaSulumani kusuka kokuhle nokuba nobuningi kuya ekukhohliseni nasekudeleleni.
Abanye bazokwakha uhulumeni wase-Saudi Arabian noma waseTaliban onesimo esinqunyiwe ngemithetho ehlaselayo, ukunqunywa kwekhanda nokucindezelwa kwabesifazane. Kodwa amaSulumane amaningi afuna ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo zentando yeningi zikahulumeni ezakhelwe phezu kwezimiso ezifanele zamaSulumane shura, ijma, futhi maslah, futhi babheka i-US njengobuzenzisi bokuphikisana kwayo nobu-Islamist nokucindezelwa kokunyakaza kwentando yeningi.
Umshayeli wendiza we-9 / 11 u-Mohammed Atta ubonakale ebusheni njengoba engafuni nokulimaza ngisho nesinambuzane. Njengomfundi othweswe iziqu, wayekhungathekile ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wobunjiniyela bezokuxhumana ukusiza abaseGibhithe, ngoba intshebe nemibono yakhe yezenhlalo yathathwa njengokwanele ngamaphoyisa aseGibhithe ukumenza afanelwe ukumbopha.
U-Atta wayethukuthele ukuthi uhulumeni wakhe ngeke abasize abampofu baseCairo kodwa esikhundleni salokho wakhela amahhotela okunethezeka izivakashi njengoba zivula ubukhaphethi bemakethe yaseNtshonalanga. Ingabe ukunakekela kwakhe iCairo kwaqinisekisa i-9 / 11? Ngeke. Izenzo zakhe zazizimbi, kepha kunemibono ekhanda lakhe ebelingahle limiswe ngokuqondile.
I-Ataturk's Westernization enamandla yeTurkey yasongela amanani amasiko futhi yabangela ukwakhiwa kwe-1928 kwe-Muslim Brotherhood njengenhlangano engenabudlova, nenhlangano yezenhlalo. Ngabe omongameli base-US abanakho ukuphawula ngemiphumela emihle nemibi yaseNtshonalanga? Ngabe omongameli bacabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukuxoxa ngamabhomu?
U-Sayyid Qutb waba nomthelela kakhulu kubashokobezi besikhathi esizayo ngokubhala "I-America Engiyibonile," indatshana edumile egcwele imibono yakhe emibi ye-US ngesikhathi sohambo lwe-1948. Ingabe umbono wakhe wayeqondile? Skewed? Ongenangqondo? Uma umsebenzi wakhe unamandla amakhulu, kungani abaholi baseMelika bengaphenduki ngokubambisana ukuxoxa ngokubuka kwakhe nabakwaMid-Easterners?
Abashokobezi abaningi bake babhekana nokuqothuka ngenxa yokuvela emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni, ukufuduka kwabantu, ukuswela ukumelwa, umehluko ngokwezigaba, ukuntuleka kothando lwasekhaya noma ukucwaswa kwamanye amazwe Ukuhlukaniswa ngokobulili nemibono yabesifazane njengezisongelo ezimbi, ezingcolile futhi zibukela phansi ubudlelwano obuhle babantu. Kodwa-ke amabhomu angaba kanjani namandla okuqeda ubumbano?
UZacharias Moussaoui, i-20th Ubushokobezi, bathukutheliswa ukungabi nakhaya futhi nokungabukeli komphakathi ngaphakathi eNgilandi futhi kwahlukaniswa imizwa yokulwa nabokufika eFrance. Amaphekula abulala amaphekula eNgilandi kanye nezitha ezijoyina i-ISIS ezivela e-Australia nazo zahlaselwa ukuqothula ubandlululo phesheya.
NgeMpi Yombango yaseLebanon, amaSulumane amaningi, anjengoHicham Shihab, athukuthele ngenxa yokuthola ukusekela okuthile kwe-US kubandla lamaKristu aseLebanon. Abaningi bayaqiniseka nge-US-Zionist crusade ngokumelene namazwe amaSulumane. Ukuhlasela kwase-US akuqinisi yini le mizwa?
UHashmatullah, ngaphandle kokwenza umsebenzi wezingcweti kwezokuxhumana, wajoyina iTaliban ukuthola imali ekhokhelwa. U-Abu Suhaib ePakistan uthole impi ukuhlinzeka injongo nokukhululeka ekuxinekeni. Ngabe imisebenzi engeyona enodlame nezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ezinamandla ayisizi ngaphezu kwamabhomu?
Ingabe le mininingwane engenhla iyisivikelo sokubulawa kwamaphekula? Ngeke. Kungani la madoda ebengenakukhetha amakhambi angenabo udlame ngezinkinga zawo?
Kodwa-ke kungani, esikhundleni sokulwa nodlame olungenazithelo, i-US ibingasizanga iMid-Easterners ingalwi nodlame lwayo ngezinkinga zayo? Ukube ekuseni nge-9 / 11, u-Atta wayethathe isinqumo sokungashayeli indiza kodwa esikhundleni salokho wakhetha ukubhala incwadi eya kuhulumeni wase-US ecela usizo ngokuhlupheka ngokomzimba nangokomnotho eGibhithe, ngabe iMelika ibizokwenzenjani?
Ukuhlinzeka abantu ngezethameli ezikhathalelayo ukuzwa izikhalazo zabo futhi kubanikeze namathuba wokulungisa izinkinga zabo ngokungenabi nodlame kungaba uphawu oluhle lokuvela kwenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US.
UKristin Y. Christman ungumlobi we I-Taxonomy Yokuthula: Ukuhlukaniswa Okuphelele Kwemiphakathi Neziqhumane Zezobudlova kanye ne-650 Solutions for Peace, iphrojekthi eyenziwe ngokuzimela yaqala ngoSepthemba ka-9/11 futhi itholakala online. Ungumama ofunda emakhaya oneziqu ezivela eDartmouth College, eBrown University, naseYunivesithi e-Albany kwezokuphatha iRussia kanye nezomphakathi. http://sites.google.com/site/paradigmforpeace
