Inkulumo kaMhlonishwa. Douglas Roche, OC, kumaPhalamende eNyukliya Non-Proliferation kanye 
Ukunciphisa Izikhali, "Ukukhuphuka Intaba" Conference, Washington, DC, February 26, 2014
Uma uthi nhlá, ukuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi kubonakala kuyindaba engenathemba. Ingqungquthela Yokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali e-Geneva isineminyaka eminingi ikhubazekile. ISivumelwano Sokungavikeleki sisenkingeni. Izikhali zenuzi ezinkulu zithi ziyenqaba ukungena ezingxoxweni ezibanzi zokunqanyulwa kwezikhali zenuzi futhi ziduba ngisho nemihlangano yamazwe ngamazwe eklanyelwe ukunaka umhlaba wonke “ngemiphumela eyinhlekelele yokusiza abantu” yokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi. Izizwe zezikhali zenuzi zinika umhlaba wonke umhlane wesandla sazo. Akuwona umbono wenjabulo.
Kodwa bheka ujule kancane. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamazwe omhlaba zivotele ukuthi kuqale izingxoxo zokuvinjelwa okusemthethweni komhlaba wonke kwezikhali zenuzi. Emasontweni amabili edlule, izizwe eziyi-146 kanye nezishoshovu eziningi kanye nezishoshovu zomphakathi zahlangana eNayarit, eMexico ukuze zihlole imiphumela emangalisayo yezempilo, yezomnotho, yemvelo, yokudla nezokuthutha yanoma yikuphi ukuqhunyiswa kwezikhali zenuzi - ngengozi noma ngamabomu. Kuzobizwa Ingqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezinga Eliphakeme Le-UN mayelana nokuncishiswa kwezikhali zenuzi ngowezi-2018, kanti umhla zingama-26 kuMandulo minyaka yonke kusukela manje kuya phambili uzobungazwa njengoSuku Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Lokuqedwa Ngokuphelele Kwezikhali Zenuzi.
Imashi yomlando iphikisana nokuba khona, hhayi nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa, kwezikhali zenuzi kunoma yisiphi isimo. Izizwe zezikhali zenuzi zizama ukuvimba le mashi ngaphambi kokuba ithole umfutho. Kodwa bayohluleka. Bangakwazi ukumisa izinqubo zokuncishiswa kwezikhali zenuzi, kodwa abakwazi ukucisha umzuzu wenguquko emlandweni wesintu okwenzeka manje.
Isizathu sokuthi umnyakazo wokukhipha izikhali zenuzi unamandla kunalokho okubonakala phezulu ukuthi unqanda ukuphaphama kancane kancane konembeza okwenzeka emhlabeni. Ngokuqhutshwa phambili yisayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqonda okusha kwemvelaphi yamalungelo abantu, ukuhlanganiswa kobuntu kuyenzeka. Asazi nje kuphela ukuthi sazana kulokho okwakukade kungukwehlukana okukhulu, kodwa futhi siyazi ukuthi siyadingana ukuze siphile ngokufanayo. Kunokunakekelwa okusha kwesimo somuntu kanye nesimo somhlaba okubonakala ezinhlelweni ezifana neMillennium Development Goals. Lokhu kuwukuvuswa kukanembeza emhlabeni wonke.
Lokhu sekukhiqize intuthuko enkulu esintwini: ukuqonda okukhulayo emphakathini ukuthi impi iyize. Isizathu nokulangazelela impi kuyashabalala. Lokho bekuyobonakala kungenakwenzeka ekhulwini lama-20, ingasaphathwa eye-19. Ukwenqatshwa kwempi esidlangalaleni njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano - okubonwe kamuva nje embuzweni wokungenelela kwamasosha eSyria - kunemiphumela emikhulu yokuthi umphakathi uzoziphatha kanjani izindaba zawo. Imfundiso ye-Responsibility to Protect icutshungulwa okusha, okuhlanganisa nosongo olubangelwa ukuba nezikhali zenuzi, ukuze kutholwe izimo lapho zingasetshenziswa ngokufanelekile ukusindisa izimpilo.
Angibikezeli ukuvumelana komhlaba wonke. Amathente esakhiwo sezempi-yezimboni asaqinile. Ubuholi bepolitiki obuningi buyi-pusillanimous. Izinhlekelele zendawo zinendlela yokuba yinhlekelele. Ikusasa alikwazi ukubikezelwa. Silahlekelwe ngamathuba ngaphambilini, ikakhulukazi umzuzu owodwa lapho uDonga LwaseBerlin luwa futhi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaphela, lapho abaholi abanolwazi bebengabamba iqhaza futhi baqale ukwakha izakhiwo zokuhleleka komhlaba omusha. Kodwa ngisho ukuthi umhlaba, odabukile ezimpini zase-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, ekugcineni usuzilungisile futhi usendleleni yokwenza izimpi zamazwe ngamazwe zibe yinsalela yesikhathi esedlule.
Izici ezimbili ezikhiqiza amathemba angcono okuthula komhlaba: ukuziphendulela nokuvimbela. Asikaze sijwayele ukuzwa okuningi mayelana nohulumeni ababika emphakathini ngezenzo zabo emibuzweni emikhulu yempi nokuthula. Manje, ngokusabalala kwamalungelo abantu, izishoshovu zomphakathi ezinikwe amandla zibambe ohulumeni bazo ukuba babambe iqhaza kumasu omhlaba wonke okuthuthukisa abantu. Lawa masu omhlaba, abonakala emikhakheni eyahlukene, kusukela ekuvimbeleni ukuqothulwa kohlanga kuya ekubandakanyekeni kwabesifazane ezinhlelweni zokulamula, akhuthaza ukuvinjelwa kwezingxabano.
Leli zinga eliphakeme lokucabanga liletha amandla amasha engxoxweni yokuncishiswa kwezikhali zenuzi. Ngokukhulayo, izikhali zenuzi azibonwa njengezikhali zokuphepha zombuso kodwa njengezephula ukuphepha kwabantu. Kuya ngokuya kuba sobala ukuthi izikhali zenuzi namalungelo abantu ngeke kuhlale ndawonye emhlabeni. Kodwa ohulumeni bayephuza ukwamukela izinqubomgomo ezisekelwe ekuqondeni okusha kwezidingo zokuphepha kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, sisaphila emhlabeni wezigaba ezimbili lapho abanamandla bezikhulisela khona izikhali zenuzi kuyilapho benqabela ukutholwa kwazo ezinye izifundazwe. Sibhekene nengozi yokusabalala kwezikhali zenuzi ngoba amazwe anamandla enyukliya anqaba ukusebenzisa igunya lawo ukwakha umthetho othize ovimbela zonke izikhali zenuzi, futhi aqhubeke nokunciphisa isiphetho sango-1996 seNkantolo Yobulungisa Yamazwe Ngamazwe sokuthi usongo noma ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi. izikhali ngokuvamile azikho emthethweni futhi zonke izifundazwe zinomsebenzi wokuxoxisana ngokuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi.
Lokhu kucabanga kunikeza inhlangano manje eyakhayo emhlabeni wonke ukuze iqale inqubo yezobunxusa yokuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi ngisho nangaphandle kokubambisana ngokushesha kwemibuso yenuzi. Ingqungquthela ye-Nayarit kanye nomhlangano wayo olandelayo e-Vienna ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka, ihlinzeka futhi ifaka umfutho wokuqala inqubo enjalo. ukubamba iqhaza kwezizwe zezikhali zenuzi noma ukucindezela izifiso zazo ngokusebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ye-NPT kanye neNgqungquthela Yokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali lapho izikhali zenuzi zithi ziwumthelela oqeda amandla njalo.
Ulwazi lwami lungiholela ekukhetheni ukuqala inqubo lapho amazwe anomqondo ofanayo aqala umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngenhloso ethile yokwakha umthetho womhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuhlonza izidingo ezingokomthetho, zezobuchwepheshe, zezombusazwe nezesikhungo zezwe elingenazo izikhali zenuzi njengesisekelo sokuxoxisana ngokuvinjelwa okusemthethweni kwezikhali zenuzi. Ngokungangabazeki kuzoba inqubo ende, kodwa okuhlukile, inqubo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo, izoqhubeka nokuvinjwa imibuso enamandla, esezihlanganisele ukuvimba noma iyiphi inqubekelaphambili ephusile selokhu kwaqala ukusebenza i-NPT ngo-1970. Nginxusa amalungu ephalamende ukuthi asebenzise ukufinyelela kwawo amandla futhi ethule kuwo wonke amaPhalamende emhlabeni isinqumo esithi makusetshenzwe ngokushesha. ukuqala kuhlaka lomhlaba wonke lokwenqabela ukukhiqizwa, ukuhlola, ukuphatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi kuzo zonke izifundazwe, kanye nokuhlinzekela ukuqedwa kwazo ngaphansi kokuqinisekiswa okusebenzayo.
Ukukhulumela ngamaphalamende kuyasebenza. AmaPhalamende abekwe endaweni enhle hhayi nje kuphela ukunxenxa imizamo emisha kodwa ukulandela ukuqaliswa kwazo. Babekwe ngendlela ehlukile ukubekela inselele izinqubomgomo zamanje, bethule ezinye izindlela futhi ngokuvamile benze ohulumeni baziphendulele. Amalungu ePhalamende aphethe amandla amaningi kunalokho ajwayele ukukuqaphela.
Eminyakeni yami yokuqala ephalamende laseCanada, lapho ngisebenza njengosihlalo wePhalamende le-Global Action, ngahola izithunywa zephalamende eMoscow naseWashington ukuze zinxuse imibuso emikhulu yangaleso sikhathi ukuba ithathe izinyathelo ezinqala mayelana nokuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi. Umsebenzi wethu uholele ekusungulweni kweSix-Nation Initiative. Lona bekuwumzamo wokubambisana wabaholi base-India, Mexico, Argentina, Sweden, Greece kanye neTanzania, ababambe imihlangano yengqungquthela benxusa imibuso yenuzi ukuthi imise ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali zenuzi. Kamuva uGorbachev wathi iSix-Nation Initiative yayiyisici esibalulekile ekuzuzweni kweSivumelwano Se-Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty sango-1987, esaqeda isigaba sonke semicibisholo yenuzi yebanga eliphakathi.
Amalungu ePhalamende e-Global Action athuthuke aba inethiwekhi yamaLungu ePhalamende angu-1,000 emazweni angu-130 futhi ahlukaniswa ohlwini olwandisiwe lwezinkinga zomhlaba, ezifana nokugqugquzela intando yeningi, ukuvimbela izingxabano nokuphathwa, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe namalungelo abantu, inani labantu, kanye nemvelo. Inhlangano yayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqalisa izingxoxo ze-Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty futhi yanikeza amandla okwenza ohulumeni abaningi basayine eNkantolo Yamazwe Ngamazwe kanye NeSivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngezikhali sika-2013.
Eminyakeni yokugcina, sekusungulwe inhlangano entsha yabashayimthetho, amaPhalamende eNuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, futhi ngiyaziqhenya ngokuba nguSihlalo wayo wokuqala. Ngihalalisela uSenator u-Ed Markey ngokuhlangana eWashington namuhla lo mbuthano obalulekile wabashayamthetho. Ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Alyn Ware, i-PNND ihehe abantu abangaba ngu-800 emazweni angama-56. Isebenzisane neNyunyana YamaPhalamende, okuyiqembu elikhulu lamaphalamende emazweni ayi-162, ekukhiqizeni ibhukwana lamaPhalamende elichaza ukungabhebhetheki kanye nezindaba zokuhoxiswa kwezikhali. Lolu wuhlobo lobuholi olungeyona izihloko zezindaba kodwa olusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ezifana ne-Parliarianians for Global Action kanye ne-Parliarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament kunomthelela omkhulu ebuholini bezepolitiki obandisiwe.
Izwi lamalungu ephalamende lingase libe namandla esikhathini esizayo uma uMkhankaso Wenhlangano Yephalamende Yezizwe Ezihlangene ubamba. Lo mkhankaso wethemba ukuthi ngolunye usuku izakhamuzi zawo wonke amazwe zizokwazi ukukhetha ngokuqondile abameleli bazo ukuze bahlale emhlanganweni omusha e-UN futhi zenze umthetho izinqubomgomo zomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kungase kungenzeki size sifinyelele kwesinye isigaba somlando, kodwa isinyathelo sesikhashana kungaba ukukhethwa kwezithunywa ezivela emaphalamende kazwelonke, ezizonikezwa amandla okuhlala emhlanganweni omusha e-UN futhi ziveze izinkinga ngqo noMkhandlu Wezokuphepha. IPhalamende LaseYurophu, lapho ukhetho oluqondile lwamalungu angama-766 lwenzeka emazweni abambe iqhaza, linikeza isibonelo somhlangano wephalamende womhlaba.
Ngisho nangaphandle kokulinda intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubusa komhlaba wonke, amalungu ephalamende namuhla angakwazi futhi kufanele asebenzise isikhundla sawo esiyingqayizivele ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni ukuze aqhubekisele phambili izinqubomgomo zobuntu ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphila emhlabeni. Vala igebe labacebile nabampofu. Misa ukufudumala komhlaba. Azisekho izikhali zenuzi. Lezo yizinto zobuholi bepolitiki.
