Ngu-Stephanie E. Effevottu, World BEYOND War, Ngo-September 21, i-2022
Umbhali Oholayo: Stephanie E. Effevottu
Ithimba Lephrojekthi: Jacob Anyam; Ruhamah Ifere; UStephanie E. Effevottu; Blessing Adekanye; Tolulope Oluwafemi; Damaris Akhigbe; Lucky Chinwike; Moses Abolade; Joy Godwin; no-Augustine Igweshi
Abaqondisi Bephrojekthi: Allwell Akhigbe kanye noPrecious Ajunwa
Abadidiyeli bohlelo: Mnu. Nathaniel Msen Awuapila kanye noDkt Wale Adeboye Umxhasi Womklamo: UNkk Winifred Ereyi
Ukubonga
Ithimba lizothanda ukubonga uDkt Phil Gittins, uNkk Winifred Ereyi, uMnu Nathanial Msen Awuapila, uDkt Wale Adeboye, uDkt Yves-Renee Jennings, uMnu Christian Achaleke, nabanye abantu abenze lo msebenzi waba yimpumelelo. Siphinde futhi sidlulise ukubonga ku- World Beyond War (WBW) kanye ne-Rotary Action Group for Peace ngokudala inkundla (Imfundo Yokuthula Nesenzo Somthelela) ukuze sakhe amakhono ethu okudala ukuthula.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nemibuzo, thintana nombhali oholayo, uStephanie E. Effevottu ku: stephanieeffevottu@yahoo.com
Isifinyezo esiphezulu
Yize ukuthunjwa kwesikole kungeyona into entsha eNigeria, kusukela ngo-2020, izwe laseNigeria libone ukwanda kwezinga lokuthunjwa kwezingane zesikole ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. Ukungaphephi kwabafundi sekwenze ukuba kuvalwe izikole ezingaphezu kuka-600 eNigeria ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlaselwa izigebengu nabathumbi. Ukusebenzisana kwethu Kokuqinisa Intsha, Abalingisi Bomphakathi kanye Nezokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe iphrojekthi yokuthunjwa kwezikole ukuze kubhekwane negagasi eliphezulu lokuthunjwa kwabafundi ezikhathini zamuva nje. Uhlelo lwethu futhi luhlose ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaphoyisa nentsha ukuze kuncishiswe izigameko zokuthunjwa kwezikole.
Lo mfushane wenqubomgomo wethula okutholwe kuhlolo lwe-inthanethi olwenziwe ngabakwa World Beyond War (WBW) Ithimba laseNigeria elizoqinisekisa umbono womphakathi mayelana nokuthunjwa kwesikole eNigeria. Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kukhomba ukuthi izici ezinjengobumpofu obudlulele, ukwanda kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, izindawo ezingabuswanga, ukushisekela inkolo, ukuqoqwa kwezimali zemikhankaso yobuphekula njengezimbangela ezinkulu zokuthunjwa kwezikole ezweni. Eminye imithelela yokuthumba esikoleni ehlonzwe abaphenduli ihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi kuholela ekubuthweni kweqembu elihlomile ngaphandle kwezingane zesikole, izinga eliphansi lemfundo, ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo emfundweni, ukulova phakathi kwabafundi, nokulimala kwengqondo, phakathi kokunye.
Ukuze kunqandwe ukuthunjwa kwesikole eNigeria, abaphendulile bavumile ukuthi akuwona umsebenzi womuntu oyedwa noma umkhakha owodwa kodwa kunalokho kudinga indlela yezigaba eziningi, ngokubambisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izikhungo zokuphepha, abalingisi bomphakathi, kanye nabantu abasha. Ukuqinisa ikhono lentsha lokunciphisa ukuthunjwa kwezikole ezweni, abaphendulile baveze ukuthi kunesidingo sokuqalisa izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kanye namathimba okuqeqesha/asheshe aphendule abafundi kuzo zonke izikhungo zemfundo ezahlukene. Ukukhushulwa kokuphepha ezikoleni, imikhankaso yokuqwashisa nokuqwashisa, kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi nakho bekuyingxenye yezincomo zabo.
Ukuze kwakhiwe ukusebenzisana okuphumelelayo phakathi kukahulumeni waseNigeria, abantu abasha, abalingisi bezinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye namabutho ezokuphepha ekunciphiseni izinkinga zokuthunjwa kwezikole ezweni, abaphendulile baphakamise ukusungula amathimba endawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenzisana, ukuhlinzeka ngokuphepha okuhlala kuziphendulela, ukuhlela inqubomgomo yomphakathi. , ukwenza imikhankaso yokuqwashisa isikole esikoleni, kanye nokwenza inkhulumomphendvulwano nabahlukahlukene ababambiqhaza.
Abaphendulile nokho baphawule ukuthi kunokungathembani phakathi kwentsha nezinye izinhlaka, ikakhulukazi abezokuphepha. Ngakho-ke batusa amasu amaningana okwakha ukwethembana, amanye awo ahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kobuciko bokudala, ukufundisa abantu abasha ngendima yezinhlaka ezihlukahlukene zezokuphepha, ukufundisa ababambiqhaza ngokuziphatha kokwethembeka, kanye nokwakha umphakathi mayelana nemisebenzi yokwakha ukwethembana.
Kuphinde kwaba nezincomo zokunikwa amandla kangcono izinhlaka zezokuphepha ezehlukene ikakhulukazi ngokuzihlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe obungcono nezikhali ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukubhekana nalaba bathumbi. Ekugcineni, kwenziwa izincomo ngezindlela uhulumeni waseNigeria angaqinisekisa ngazo ukuthi izikole ziphephile kubafundi nothisha.
Umbiko wenqubomgomo uphetha ngokusho ukuthi ukuthunjwa kwesikole kuyingozi emphakathini waseNigeria, futhi izinga eliphezulu ezikhathini zamuva libe nomthelela omubi emfundweni ezweni. Ngakho-ke ihlaba ikhwelo kubo bonke ababambiqhaza, kanye nemiphakathi kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe ukuba basebenzisane kangcono ukuze kunqandwe lolu songo.
Isingeniso/Uhlolojikelele Lokuthunjwa Kwezikole eNigeria
Njengemiqondo eminingi, ayikho incazelo eyodwa engahlotshaniswa negama elithi 'ukuthumba'. Izazi eziningana ziye zanikeza eyazo incazelo ngokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthumba kubo. Isibonelo, u-Inyang no-Abraham (2013) bachaza ukuthumba njengokuthatha ngenkani, ukuthatha, kanye nokuboshwa komuntu ngokungekho emthethweni ngaphandle kwentando yakhe. Ngokufanayo, u-Uzorma noNwanegbo- Ben (2014) uchaza ukuthumba njengenqubo yokuhlwitha nokuvala noma ukuthwala umuntu ngamandla angekho emthethweni noma ngokukhwabanisa, futhi ikakhulukazi ngesicelo sesihlengo. U-Fage kanye no-Alabi (2017) babeka imigomo yokuthumba njengokuthumba okunokukhwabanisa noma okunamandla komuntu noma iqembu labantu ngezinjongo ezisukela kwezenhlalo-mnotho, ezombusazwe, nezenkolo, phakathi kokunye. Ngaphandle kobuningi bezincazelo, konke abafana ngakho bonke kufaka phakathi iqiniso lokuthi ukuthumba kuyisenzo esingekho emthethweni esivame ukuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngenhloso yokuthola imali noma ezinye izinzuzo.
ENigeria, ukuwohloka kwezokuphepha kubangele ukwanda kokuthumba ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. Nakuba ukuthumba bekuwumkhuba oqhubekayo, sekuthathe isici esisha lapho laba bathumbi besebenzisa ukwesaba komphakathi nengcindezi yezombangazwe befuna ukukhokhelwa okuyinzuzo enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nasendulo lapho abathumbi ngokuyinhloko behlasela abantu abacebile, izigebengu manje zihlasela abantu banoma isiphi isigaba. Izinhlobo ezikhona manje zokuthumba ukuthunjwa kwenqwaba yabafundi ezindlini zokulala zezikole, ukuthunjwa kwabafundi emigwaqweni emikhulu nasezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni.
Njengoba cishe izikole ezingu-200,000 zamabanga aphansi nezamabanga aphezulu, umkhakha wezemfundo waseNigeria umele kwenkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika (Verjee and Kwaja, 2021). Nakuba ukuthunjwa kwesikole kungeyona into entsha eNigeria, ezikhathini zamuva nje, kuye kwaba nesibalo esikhulu sokuthunjwa kwabafundi ukuze bahlengwe ezikhungweni zemfundo ikakhulukazi ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu kuyo yonke inyakatho yeNigeria. Okokuqala kwalokhu kuthunjwa kwenqwaba yabafundi besikole kuqale ngo-2014 lapho uhulumeni waseNigeria ebika ukuthi amaqembu amaphekula eBoko Haram athumba amantombazane esikole angama-276 endaweni yawo yokuhlala edolobheni elisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChibok, eSifundazweni SaseBorno (u-Ibrahim noMukhtar, 2017; Iwara. , 2021).
Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, kube nokuhlaselwa nokubulawa kwabafundi besikole eNigeria. Isibonelo, ngo-2013, abafundi abangamashumi amane nanye kanye nothisha oyedwa bashiswa bephila noma badutshulwa eMamufo Government Secondary School eSifundazweni SaseYobe. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwabulawa abafundi nothisha abangamashumi amane nane eKolishi Lezolimo eGujba. NgoFebhuwari 2014, kwabulawa abafundi abangamashumi amahlanu nesishiyagalolunye e-Buni Yadi Federal Government College. Ukuthunjwa kweChibok kwalandela ngo-Ephreli 2014 (Verjee noKwaja, 2021).
Kusukela ngo-2014, kube nokuthunjwa kwezingane zesikole ezingaphezu kuka-1000 ukuze zihlengwe ngamaqembu ezigebengu enyakatho yeNigeria. Okulandelayo kumelela umugqa wesikhathi wokuthunjwa kwesikole eNigeria:
- Ngo-Ephreli 14, 2014: Amantombazane esikole angu-276 athunjwa e-Government Girls Secondary School e-Chibok, e-Borno State. Yize iningi lamantombazane selihlengiwe, amanye asebulewe noma asaduka kuze kube yimanje.
- Februwari 19, 2018: Abafundi besifazane abangu-110 bathunjwa e-Government Girls Science Technical College e-Dapchi, eSifundazweni Sase-Yobe. Abaningi babo badedelwa ngemva kwamasonto.
- Disemba 11, 2020: Abafundi besilisa abangu-303 bathunjwa e-Government Science Secondary School, eKankara, eSifundazweni saseKatsina. Bakhululwa ngemva kwesonto.
- Disemba 19, 2020: Abafundi abangu-80 bathathwa esikoleni se-Islamiyya edolobheni laseMahuta, eSifundazweni SaseKatsina. Amaphoyisa neqembu lawo lokuzivikela emphakathini bakhulula ngokushesha laba bafundi kubathumbi babo.
- NgoFebhuwari 17, 2021: Abantu abangu-42, okuhlanganisa nabafundi abangu-27 bathunjwa eGovernment Science College, eKagara, eNiger State, kwathi umfundi oyedwa wabulawa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela.
- Februwari 26, 2021: Cishe abafundi besifazane abangu-317 bathunjwa e-Government Girls Science Secondary School, eJangebe, eSifundazweni saseZamfara.
- Mashi 11, 2021: Abafundi abangu-39 bathunjwa e-Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna State.
- Mashi 13, 2021: Kube nemizamo yokuhlasela e-Turkish International Secondary School, e-Rigachikun, eSifundazweni sase-Kaduna kodwa izinhlelo zabo zaphazamiseka ngenxa yokubikelwa amasosha aseNigeria. Ngalolo suku, ibutho laseNigeria lahlengwa nabantu abangu-180, kuhlanganise nabafundi abangu-172 base-Federal School of Forestry Mechanisation e-Afaka, eSifundazweni SaseKaduna. Umzamo ohlangene webutho laseNigeria, amaphoyisa, namavolontiya aphinde avimbela ukuhlaselwa kweSikole Semfundo Ephakeme Sikahulumeni, i-Ikara esifundazweni saseKaduna.
- Mashi 15, 2021: Othisha abangu-3 bahlwithwa e-UBE Primary School e-Rama, e-Birnin Gwari, e-Kaduna State.
- Ephreli 20, 2021: Okungenani abafundi abangu-20 nabasebenzi abangu-3 bathunjwa e-Greenfield University, e-Kaduna State. Abathumbi babo babulale abafundi abahlanu kwathi abanye badedelwa ngoMeyi.
- Ephreli 29, 2021: Cishe abafundi abangu-4 bathunjwa e-King's School, e-Gana Ropp, e-Barkin Ladi, e-Plateau State. Abathathu babo kamuva baphunyuka kubathumbi babo.
- Meyi 30, 2021: Cishe abafundi abangu-136 nothisha abambalwa bathunjwa e-Salihu Tanko Islamic School eTegina, eSifundazweni SaseNiger. Omunye wabo wafela ekuthunjweni abanye bakhululwa ngo-August.
- Juni 11, 2021: Abafundi abayisi-8 nabanye abafundisi bathunjwa eNuwa Bamali Polytechnic, eZaria, eSifundazweni saseKaduna.
- Juni 17, 2021: Okungenani abafundi abayi-100 nothisha abahlanu bathunjwa e-Federal Government Girls College, e-Birnin Yauri, e-Kebbi State
- NgoJulayi 5, 2021: Abafundi abangaphezu kuka-120 bathunjwa e-Bethel Baptist High School, eDamishi eSifundazweni SaseKaduna
- Agasti 16, 2021: Cishe abafundi abangu-15 bathunjwa eKolishi Lezolimo Nezempilo Yezilwane e-Bakura, Isifunda sase-Zamfara
- Agasti 18, 2021: Abafundi abayisishiyagalolunye bathunjwa besendleleni egodukayo besuka e-Islamiyya School e-Sakkai, e-Katsina State.
- Septhemba 1, 2021: Cishe abafundi abangu-73 bathunjwa esikoleni samabanga aphezulu sikaHulumeni e-Kaya, eSifundazweni saseZamfara (Egobiambu, 2021; Ojelu, 2021; Verjee and Kwaja, 2021; Yusuf, 2021).
Udaba lokuthunjwa kwabafundi lusabalele ezweni lonke futhi ludala intuthuko ekhathazayo enkingeni yakuleli yokuthunjwa ukuze kuhlengwe, okunomthelela omubi emkhakheni wezemfundo. Kuyinkinga ngoba kubeka imfundo yabafundi engcupheni ezweni elinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu ezingane eziphuma esikoleni nezingaphumanga esikoleni, ikakhulukazi ingane yentombazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNigeria isengozini yokukhiqiza 'isizukulwane esilahlekile' sezingane ezifunda isikole ezilahlekelwa yimfundo futhi ngenxa yalokho amathuba esikhathi esizayo okuchuma nokuzixosha zona nemindeni yazo ebuphofini.
Umthelela wokuthunjwa kwesikole unezingqinamba eziningi futhi uholela ekuhlukumezekeni ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo kubazali nakubantwana besikole balabo abathunjiwe, ukwehla komnotho ngenxa yokungavikeleki okukhulayo, okulahla ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, nokungazinzi kwezombusazwe ngoba abathumbi benza umbuso ungalawuleki futhi uheha igama elibi. ukunakwa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke le nkinga idinga indlela yokubamba iqhaza eqhutshwa yintsha kanye nabezokuphepha ukuze ixazulule le nkinga.
Injongo Yephrojekthi
Our Ukuqinisa Intsha, Abalingisi Bomphakathi kanye Nokubambisana Kwezokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthunjwa Kwezikole ikhona ukuze kubhekwane nesibalo esiphezulu sokuthunjwa kwabafundi ezikhathini zamuva nje. Iphrojekthi yethu ihlose ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaphoyisa nentsha ukuze kuncishiswe izigameko zokuthunjwa kwezikole. Kube negebe kanye nokuncipha kokuthembana phakathi kwabantu abasha nabezokuphepha ikakhulukazi amaphoyisa njengoba kubonakale ngesikhathi kuqhubeka imibhikisho ethi #EndSARS ephikisana nesihluku samaphoyisa ngo-Okthoba 2020. Imibhikisho eholwa yintsha yaqedwa ngesihluku ngesibhicongo sikaLekki sika-Okthoba. 20, 2020 lapho amaphoyisa namasosha evulela ngenhlamvu kubabhikishi abasha abangenakuzivikela.
Uhlelo lwethu olusha oluholwa yintsha luzogxila ekudaleni amabhuloho phakathi kwala maqembu ukuze kuguqulwe ubudlelwano bawo obuphikisanayo bube ukusebenzelana okuzonciphisa ukuthunjwa kwezikole. Inhloso yalolu hlelo ukuletha intsha, abalingisi bomphakathi kanye nabezokuphepha ukuze basebenzisane ekwehliseni udaba lokuthunjwa kwezikole ukuze kukhokhelwe. Lo mkhuba omubi udinga indlela yokusebenzisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikeleka kwentsha esikoleni futhi ivikele ilungelo layo lokufunda endaweni ephephile nevikelekile. Inhloso yalolu hlelo ukuqinisa ukusebenzisana kwentsha, abalingisi bomphakathi kanye nabezokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthunjwa kwezikole. Izinjongo yilezi:
- Ukuqinisa amandla entsheni, abalingisi bomphakathi kanye nabezokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthunjwa kwezikole.
- Gqugquzela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwentsha, abalingisi bomphakathi kanye nabezokuphepha ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zezingxoxo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthunjwa kwezikole.
Indlela Yokwenza Ucwaningo
Ukuqinisa intsha, abalingisi bomphakathi, kanye nokusebenzisana kwezokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthunjwa kwezikole eNigeria, i World Beyond war Ithimba laseNigeria linqume ukwenza inhlolovo ye-inthanethi ukuze lithole umbono womphakathi jikelele mayelana nezimbangela nomthelela wokuthunjwa kwesikole kanye nezincomo zabo mayelana nendlela eya phambili ekwenzeni izikole ziphephe kubafundi.
Uhlu lwemibuzo oluqedwe ku-inthanethi oluhlelekile lwezinto eziyi-14 lwaklanywa futhi lwenziwa lwatholakala kubahlanganyeli ngesifanekiso sefomu le-Google. Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana nephrojekthi lunikezwe ababambiqhaza esigabeni sesethulo sohlu lwemibuzo. Imininingwane yomuntu siqu efana negama, inombolo yocingo kanye nekheli le-imeyili kwenziwe ngokuzithandela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ababambiqhaza ukuthi izimpendulo zabo zaziyimfihlo futhi bakhululekile ukuphuma ekuzweleni ulwazi olubucayi olungase lwephule amalungelo abo namalungelo abo.
Isixhumanisi esiku-inthanethi sika-Google sasakazwa kubahlanganyeli ngezinkundla zokuxhumana ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-WhatsApp yamalungu eqembu laseNigeria le-WBW. Bekungekho iminyaka eqondisiwe, ubulili, noma inani labantu ocwaningweni njengoba silushiye luvulekele wonke umuntu ngoba ukuthunjwa kwesikole kuwusongo kubo bonke ngokunganaki ubudala noma ubulili. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwedatha, kutholwe izimpendulo ezingu-128 kubantu ngabanye ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe.
Ingxenye yokuqala yohlu lwemibuzo igxile ekuceleni izimpendulo kulwazi lomuntu siqu lwabaphendulayo njengegama, ikheli le-imeyili, nenombolo yocingo. Lokhu kwalandelwa imibuzo ngebanga lobudala babahlanganyeli, isimo sabo sokuhlala, nokuthi ingabe bahlala ezifundazweni ezikhahlamezwe ukuthunjwa kwesikole. Kwabahlanganyeli abayi-128, ama-51.6% abephakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-35; 40.6% phakathi kwama-36 nama-55; kanti u-7.8% ubeneminyaka engama-56 nangaphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabangu-128 abaphendula, abangama-39.1% babike ukuthi bahlala ezifundazweni ezihlaselwe ukuthunjwa kwezikole; U-52.3% uphendule ngendlela engemihle, kanti u-8.6% uthe abazi noma isimo sabo sokuhlala siphakathi kwezifunda ezikhahlamezwe yizinkinga zokuthunjwa kwezikole:
Ukuthola okuseshweni
Isigaba esilandelayo sethula okutholakele ocwaningweni lwe-inthanethi olwenziwe nabaphenduli abangu-128 abavela ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene ezweni:
Izimbangela Zokuthunjwa Kwesikole eNigeria
Kusukela ngoDisemba 2020 kuze kube manje, sekube namacala angaphezu kwe-10 okuthumba inqwaba yezingane zesikole ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. Ucwaningo olwenziwa osolwazi emikhakheni eyahlukene lubonisa ukuthi kunezisusa ezimbalwa zokuthumba kusukela kwezenhlalo-mnotho nakwezepolitiki kuye kwezinjongo zamasiko nezamasiko, ngayinye yalezi zici ngokuvamile ezihlangene. Imiphumela yocwaningo etholiwe iphakamisa ukuthi izici ezinjengokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ubumpofu obudlulele, ukweqisa kwezenkolo, ukuba khona kwezikhala ezingalawulwa, kanye nokungavikeleki okwandayo yizona zimbangela ezinkulu zokuthunjwa kwesikole eNigeria. Amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu nambili abaphendulile athi ukuqoqwa kwezimali kwemisebenzi yamaphekula kube ngesinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokwanda kwakamuva kokuthunjwa kwezikole eNigeria.
Ngokunjalo, u-27.3% ugqamise ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi njengenye imbangela yokuthunjwa kwesikole eNigeria. Ngokufanayo, u-19.5% uthe ubumpofu bumele esinye isizathu sobumpofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-14.8% ugqamise ukuba khona kwezindawo ezingalawulwa.
Umthelela Wokuthunjwa Kwezikole Nokuvalwa Kwezikole Kwezemfundo eNigeria
Ukubaluleka kwemfundo emphakathini onamasiko amaningi njengeNigeria ngeke kugcizelelwe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imfundo esezingeni eliphakeme izikhathi eziningi iye yasongelwa futhi yacekelwa phansi usongo lokuthumba. Isenzo esiqhamuke esifundeni saseNiger Delta yezwe, ngokudabukisayo, sikhule ngokushesha saba ibhizinisi lezinsuku cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe. Kuningi ukukhathazeka okuvelile kwakamuva ngomthelela wokuthunjwa kwesikole eNigeria. Lokhu kusuka ekukhathazekeni kwabazali ngokungaphephi, kuya ekuyengelweni kwentsha ebhizinisini 'elingenisa imali' lokuthumba okubangela ukuba ingayi esikoleni ngamabomu.
Lokhu kubonakala ezimpendulweni zocwaningo olwenziwe njengoba u-33.3% wabaphenduli bevuma ukuthi ukuthumba kuphumela ekulahlekelweni yintshisekelo kwabafundi emfundweni, futhi, omunye u-33.3% wezimpendulo uyavumelana nomthelela wako ezingeni elibi lemfundo. Izikhathi eziningi, lapho ukuthunjwa kwenzeka ezikoleni, izingane zesikole zithunyelwa ekhaya, noma zihoxiswe abazali bazo, futhi kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, izikole zihlala zivaliwe izinyanga.
Umthelela olimaza kakhulu okuba nawo uma abafundi bengenzi lutho, bavame ukuyengelwa esenzweni sokuthumba. Abenzi bobubi babayenga ngendlela yokuthi, balethe “ibhizinisi” njengelinenzuzo enkulu kubo. Kusobala ngokwanda kwenani lentsha ebandakanyeka ekuthunjweni kwezikole eNigeria. Eminye imithelela ingase ihlanganise ukuhlukumezeka ngokomqondo, ukuthwasa enkolweni yenkolo, ukuba yithuluzi ezandleni zezicukuthwane ezithile njengezigebengu, osopolitiki abathile, ukwethulwa emikhubeni ehlukahlukene yenhlalo efana nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, ukudlwengulwa kweqembu lezigelekeqe, njll.
Izincomo Zenqubomgomo
INigeria isiba nokungavikeleki kakhulu kangangokuthi akusekho ndawo ephephile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi esikoleni, esontweni, noma ngisho nasezindaweni ezizimele, izakhamuzi zihlala zisengozini yokuba izisulu zokuthunjwa. Noma kunjalo, abaphendula babenombono wokuthi ukwanda kwamanje kokuthunjwa kwesikole kwenze kwaba nzima kubazali nababheki esifundeni esithintekile ukuthi baqhubeke nokuyisa izingane/izigceme zabo esikoleni ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthunjwa. Izincomo ezimbalwa zanikezwa yilaba baphenduli ukusiza ukubhekana nezimbangela zokuthumba kanye nezixazululo zochwepheshe zokunciphisa imikhuba enjalo eNigeria. Lezi zincomo zinikeze abantu abasha, abalingisi bomphakathi, izinhlangano zezokuphepha, kanye nohulumeni waseNigeria ngezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene abangazithatha ukulwa nokuthumba esikoleni:
1. Kunesidingo sokuqinisa amandla abantu abasha okusebenzela ukwehlisa ukuthunjwa kwezikole eNigeria:
Intsha yakha ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yabantu bomhlaba futhi ngenxa yalokho, kufanele futhi ibambe iqhaza ezinqumweni ezithinta izwe. Ngenxa yokwanda kokuthunjwa kwezikole ezindaweni ezahlukene zezwe kanye nomthelela omubi entsheni, kumele bazibandakanye ngokugcwele ekuletheni izixazululo zokubhekana nalesi sihlava. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, ama-56.3% aphakamisa isidingo sokukhushulwa kwezokuphepha ezikoleni kanye nomkhankaso wokuqwashisa nokuqwashisa abantu abasha. Ngokunjalo, u-21.1% uhlongoza ukwakhiwa kwamaphoyisa omphakathi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezijwayele ukuhlaselwa kwalokhu. Ngokunjalo, amaphesenti angu-17.2 ancoma ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokufundisa ezikoleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-5.4% ukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwethimba lokuqeqesha kanye nethimba lokusabela kusenesikhathi.
2. Kunesidingo sokugqugquzela ukubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni waseNigeria, abantu abasha, abalingisi bezinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nebutho lezokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga zokuthunjwa kwezikole eNigeria:
Ukuze kwakhiwe ukusebenzisana okuphumelelayo phakathi kukahulumeni waseNigeria, abantu abasha, abalingisi bezinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nabezokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga zokuthunjwa kwezikole ezweni, u-33.6% uphakamise ukusungulwa kwamathimba endawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlaka ezahlukene. Ngokunjalo, u-28.1% wancoma ukuthi amaphoyisa omphakathi abumba ababambiqhaza abehlukene futhi babaqeqeshe ngezindlela zokubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Amanye ama-17.2% amele ukuthi kube nezingxoxo phakathi kwezinhlaka ezahlukene. Ezinye izincomo zihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuziphendulela phakathi kwabo bonke ababambiqhaza.
3. Kunesidingo sokwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabantu abasha kanye nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zezokuphepha eNigeria:
Abaphendulile baphawule ukuthi kunokungathembani phakathi kwentsha nezinye izinhlaka, ikakhulukazi abezokuphepha. Ngakho-ke batusa amasu amaningana okwakha ukwethembana, amanye awo ahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kobuciko bokudala, ukufundisa abantu abasha ngendima yezinhlaka ezihlukahlukene zezokuphepha, ukufundisa ababambiqhaza ngokuziphatha kokwethembeka, kanye nokwakha umphakathi mayelana nemisebenzi yokwakha ukwethembana.
4. Amasosha ezokuphepha aseNigeria adinga ukunikwa amandla angcono okubhekana nokuthumba eNigeria:
Uhulumeni waseNigeria udinga ukusekela izinhlangano zezokuphepha ezihlukahlukene ngokuzinikeza zonke izinto ezidingekayo nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze zibhekane nalaba bathumbi. U-47% wabaphenduli uphakamise ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele ahlinzeke ngokusetshenziswa okuthuthukisiwe kobuchwepheshe emisebenzini yabo. Ngokunjalo, ama-24.2 % akhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwamandla kwamalungu ombutho wezokuvikela. Ngokunjalo, u-18% uthe kunesiphakamiso sokuthi kunesidingo sokwakha ukusebenzisana nokwethembana phakathi kwabezokuphepha. Ezinye izincomo zibandakanya ukuhlinzekwa kwezinhlamvu ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamasosha. Kunesidingo futhi sokuthi uhulumeni waseNigeria andise imali eyabelwe izinhlaka zezokuphepha ezehlukene ukuze azikhuthaze kangcono ukwenza umsebenzi wazo.
5. Ucabanga ukuthi yini uhulumeni angayenza ukuthuthukisa ezokuphepha ezikoleni futhi aqinisekise ukuthi ziphephile kubafundi nothisha?
Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi nobumpofu kukhonjwe njengezinye zezimbangela zokuthunjwa kwezikole eNigeria. U-38.3% wabaphenduli uphakamise ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele ahlinzeke ngokuqashwa okusimeme kanye nenhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi zakhe. Ababambiqhaza baphinde baqaphela ukulahleka kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha ezakhamuzini ngaleyo ndlela u-24.2% wazo ukhuthaze ukubambisana okungcono phakathi kwabaholi bezenkolo, imboni ezimele, kanye nezifundiswa ekuqwashiseni nasekudaleni ukuqwashisa. U-18.8% wabaphenduli baphinde baphawula ukuthi ukuthunjwa kwezikole eNigeria kudlangile kakhulu ngenxa yokuba khona kwezindawo eziningi ezingalawulwa ngakho uhulumeni kufanele enze umzamo wokuvikela izindawo ezinjalo.
Isiphetho
Ukuthunjwa kwezikole kuyanda eNigeria futhi kudlangile ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. Izinto ezinjengobumpofu, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, inkolo, ukungavikeleki, kanye nokuba khona kwezikhala ezingalawulwa zihlonzwe njengezinye zezimbangela zokuthunjwa kwesikole eNigeria. Ngokuhambisana nokungavikeleki okuqhubekayo ezweni, ukwanda kokuthunjwa kwezikole ezweni sekuholele ekwehleni kokuthenjwa kohlelo lwezemfundo lwaseNigeria, obese kwenyuse isibalo sabafundi abaphuma ezikoleni. Ngakho-ke kunesidingo sokuthi zonke izandla zibe sesitezini ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthunjwa kwesikole. Intsha, abalingisi bomphakathi, kanye nezinhlaka ezahlukene zezokuphepha kumele basebenzisane ukuze kutholwe izixazululo ezihlala njalo zokunqanda lesi sihlava.
Okubhekwayo
Egobiambu, E. 2021. Kusukela e-Chibok ukuya e-Jangebe: Umugqa wesikhathi wokuthunjwa kwesikole e-Nigeria. Ibuyiswe ngomhlaka-14/12/2021 kusukela ku-https://www.channelstv.com/2021/02/26/from-chibok-to-jangebe-a-timeline-of-school-kidnappings-in-nigeria/
Ekechukwu, PC and Osaat, SD 2021. Ukuthumba eNigeria: Usongo lwezenhlalo ezikhungweni zemfundo, ukuba khona komuntu, kanye nobunye. Development, 4(1), pp.46-58.
Fage, KS & Alabi, DO (2017). Uhulumeni waseNigeria kanye nezepolitiki. Abuja: Basfa Global Concept Ltd.
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Ojelu, H. 2021. Umugqa wesikhathi wokuthunjwa ezikoleni. Ibuyiswe ngomhlaka-13/12/2021 kusukela ku-https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/timeline-of-abductions-in-schools/amp/
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I-Verjee, A. ne-Kwaja, CM 2021. Ubhubhane lokuthumba: Ukuhumusha ukuthunjwa kwezikole nokungavikeleki e-Nigeria. African Studies Quarterly, 20(3), pp.87-105.
Yusuf, K. 2021. Umugqa wesikhathi: Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngemva kwe-Chibok, ukuthunjwa kwenqwaba yabafundi kwaba yinto evamile eNigeria. Ibuyiswe ngomhlaka-15/12/2021 kusukela ku-https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top- news/469110-timeline-seven-years-after-chibok-mass-kidnapping-of-students-becoming- norm-in- nigeria.html
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