NguDavid Swanson, ngoFebruwari 6, 2020
Incwadi kaCharles Kenny, Vala iPentagon, inokugunyazwa okuvela kuSteven Pinker naphezu kokufuna ukuvala into u-Pinker angavamile ukuyivuma ukuthi ikhona.
Le yincwadi yokuphendula lo mbuzo: Kuthiwani uma umuntu okholelwa ukuthi impi yenziwa kuphela abantu abampofu, abamnyama, abakude, ngakho-ke base becishe banyamalala emhlabeni, bezohlangana nebutho lezempi lase-US kanye nesabelomali samasosha ase-US?
Impendulo empeleni iyisiphakamiso sokususa imali ebuthweni yezempi iye ezidingweni zabantu nezemvelo - futhi ngubani ongakwenzi lokho. ufuna ukwenza ukuthi?
Futhi uma abantu abacabanga ukuthi impi isicishe yashabalala futhi inyamalala ngokwayo bangakwazi nokho ukugqugquzeleka ukuba basize ukuqeda impi ngalokho abakubheka njengomdlali omncane nalokho uDkt. King akubiza ngokunembile umhloli omkhulu wobudlova emhlabeni, kungcono kakhulu. !
Kodwa iqhinga lokukwenza lokho lizodinga ukuxhumana kakhulu nezwe langempela kunencwadi enamagama anjengalawa: “Uma i-US ifuna ukunciphisa inani lezimpi zombango kanye nokuchitheka kwazo okuwumphumela . . . .”
Emfundisweni ye-Pinkerist izimpi zivela ngenxa yokuhlehla kwamazwe angaphandle ampofu aqala izimpi zombango ezibuye zichitheke ngokungaqondakali ekuhlaselweni kwamaphekula emazweni akude acebile acebile lapho kwaqondana khona zonke izikhali kodwa ezingazange zihileleke ezimpini zombango. nganoma iyiphi indlela nhlobo.
Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wethu, njengabasunguli bempi, ukuchazela inhlangano enengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi i-United States ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza inkonzo yomphakathi lapho ihlose ukunciphisa inani lezimpi zombango akuyona impi. .
Incwadi kaKenny icishe ibe yisibuyekezo sikaNorman Angell I-Illusion Enkulu, esikhomba ukuthi impi ayinangqondo futhi impofu futhi ayizuzisi - njengokungathi yake yanengqondo, futhi sengathi izokhula ibe namahloni ngokungenangqondo ngakho-ke iyeke ukwenzeka.
Nali elinye ibinzana elicashunwe encwadini (angifuni ukukushaya ngaphezu kwebinzana lalezi zinto ngesikhathi): “Nakuba ingazange ilwelwe izinsiza, impi yase-Iraq - enye yezindawo ezimbalwa kakhulu phakathi kwezifundazwe. izimpi zamuva . . . .”
Kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, phakathi nenkathi yokuthula okucatshangwa ukuthi iyigolide, ibutho lempi lase-United States linalo yabulala noma yasiza ekubulaleni abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-20, yagumbuqela ohulumeni okungenani abangama-36, yagxambukela okhethweni lwangaphandle okungenani lwama-84, yazama ukubulala abaholi bangaphandle abangaphezu kuka-50, futhi yaphonsa namabhomu kubantu emazweni angaphezu kuka-30. I-United States inecala lokufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezi-5 eVietnam, eLaos naseCambodia, futhi ngaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa kusukela ngo-1 Iraq. Kusukela ngo-2001, i-United States ibicekela phansi isifunda somhlaba ngendlela ehlelekile, iqhumisa amabhomu e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, ePakistan, eLibya, eSomalia, e-Yemen naseSyria, ingasaphathwa ePhilippines nezinye izinhloso ezihlakazekile (izimpi zamazwe ngamazwe) . I-United States “inamabutho akhethekile” asebenza ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zamazwe omhlaba kanye namabutho angewona akhethekile ezingxenyeni ezintathu kwezine zawo.
I-United States ishintshile ekubeni omongameli aba amafutha enziwe sengathi awahlanganise lutho nawo komunye othi amasosha ase-US abulala eSyria ukuze nje antshontshe uwoyela. Ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kuyahlanya kufanele kwenze kungabi iqiniso akubambeli noma ngubani oke wahlangana nohulumeni wase-US. Cabanga nje umemezela ukuthi i-United States isivele inokunakekelwa kwezempilo komkhokhi oyedwa ngoba ukungabi nakho kuholela ekusebenziseni imali ephindwe kabili futhi iba yimbi kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Cabanga nje umemezela ukuthi i-Green New Deal ikhona nje futhi ngeke kudingeke ukuba izabalazwe ngenxa yokuthi ingaphezu kokuzikhokhela yona. Izimpi azikaze nje zibe mayelana nowoyela, kodwa ezinye izizathu zifana ngokulinganayo: ukutshala ifulege nesisekelo kwenye indawo, ukudala indawo yokwethula impi elandelayo, abathengisi bezikhali abazuzayo kanye nemikhankaso yokhetho, ukuwina amavoti kuma-sadists.
Ku-Pinkerite, usongo olukhulu lokuthula esikhathini samanje "iRussia ihlasela iCrimea" - ngokusebenzisa, uyazi, ukuvota okunobudlova kwamaCrimea - okungafanele kuphindwe, hhayi ngoba ivoti lizohamba ngendlela efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ngenxa yabo bonke abalimala (3, mhlawumbe 4 ukusika iphepha kuphela).
Isizathu sokuthi kunendaba ukuthi sicabanga kanjani ngezimpi, noma nini siyavuma ekunciphiseni kakhulu umsunguli wempi oyinhloko emhlabeni, yilezo zimpi azidaliwe ngu ubumpofu noma ukushoda kwezinsiza. Izimpi zincike ngokuyinhloko ekwamukelweni kwamasiko nasekuthandeni izimpi. Izimpi zidalwa abantu abakhetha izimpi. Ukuwohloka kwesimo sezulu akuzidali izimpi. Ukuwohloka kwesimo sezulu emasikweni acabanga ukuthi ulungisa izinkinga ngezimpi kudala izimpi. UKenny uyavuma ngomqondo wokukholelwa ukuthi impi iyithuluzi elingalungile lezinkinga zangempela umhlaba obhekene nazo. Nokho ucabanga ukuthi ubumpofu budala izimpi phakathi kwamanye ama-96% (abantu abangaphandle kwe-United States). Lokhu kusibeka kude nesidingo sokususa isiko lethu ekwamukeleni impi. Funda lesi sitatimende esimangalisayo:
"[T] ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu, athuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe njengeMelika ukubhekana nempi yombango emazweni ampofu kakhulu noma izinsongo zobuphekula ezingase zizikhuthaze zilinganiselwe: ngaphezu kwesigamu sabo bonke abantu abafa emhlabeni wonke ngo-2016 babese-Iraq nase-Afghanistan - amazwe amabili abambe iqhaza elikhulu kwezempi yase-US kamuva nje. "
Kusengathi ibutho lezempi elidale isihogo kulezi zindawo liyithuluzi elibi lokuletha ipharadesi. Sidinga ithuluzi elingcono lokusiza ama-Iraqi ampofu ayizimungulu ukuba ayeke ukuzibulala, kunokudinga ukuyeka ukuhlasela nokucekela phansi amazwe. Ukugcina amasosha e-Iraq ne-Iraq efuna ukuthi aphume akuyona into ephikisana nentando yeningi, ukubulala, nobugebengu; iwuhlobo lwethuluzi olungalungile ongalisebenzisa ukuphoqelela ukukhanyiselwa kulabo bantu.
Impi yase-US e-Iraq iphelile, ekubukeni kukaPerberger, lapho uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush ethi "ukufezwa kwezimpi," kusukela lapho bekuyiyiphi impi yombango, ngakho-ke imbangela yalowo mpi yombango ingabuyekezwa ngenxa yeziphambeko Umphakathi wase-Iraq. "Nginzima kakhulu," u-Pinker ukhononda, "ukuphoqa intando yeningi emazweni asezweni elithuthukayo elingakaze liveze izinkolelo-ze, izikhulu zempi, nezizwe ezikhohlisayo." Ngempela kungenzeka, kodwa kuphi ubufakazi bokuthi Uhulumeni wase-United States ubelokhu ezama? Noma ubufakazi bokuthi i-United States inenkululeko yentando yeningi ngokwayo? Noma ukuthi i-United States inelungelo lokubeka izifiso zayo kwesinye isizwe?
Ngemuva kwawo wonke ama-footwork amahle abala indlela yethu yokuthula, sibheka phezulu futhi sibone impi ibulala i-5% yabantu base-Iraq eminyakeni nje ngemva kuka-March 2003, noma mhlawumbe i-9% ibala impi yangaphambilini kanye nezigwegwe, noma okungenani i-10% phakathi kuka-1990 no-XNUMX. namuhla. Futhi izimpi ezibulala kakhulu ezisekelwa yi-US ngokwezinombolo eziphelele ezindaweni ezinjengeCongo. Futhi impi isijwayelekile. Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuwaqamba wonke, ingasaphathwa eyokukutshela ukuthi kungani kufanele kuqhutshekwe nawo. Nokho sinabo oprofesa abasitshela nsuku zonke ukuthi lezi zimpi azikho.
Ngenhlanhla imali inenani ngisho nasezifundweni, futhi isabelomali sezempi asihlali sinakwa. Kusukela ngo-2019, isabelomali sesisekelo saminyaka yonke sePentagon, kanye nesabelomali sempi, kanye nezikhali zenuzi eMnyangweni Wezamandla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezempi koMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya, kanye nenzalo yokushoda kwezindleko zezempi, nezinye izindleko zezempi seziphelele. $ 1.25 isigidintathu. Ngakho-ke, nami ngiyaphikisana nokusebenzisa kuka-Kenny isabelomali somnyango owodwa njengendawo yokumela imali yezempi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ufuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezempi kwase-US kungabi ngaphezu kwe-150% kumsebenzisi omkhulu olandelayo emhlabeni. Lokhu kungaba ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu (futhi oluzuzisayo) kunalokho angase akubone.
Impendulo eyodwa
ukuketula akwanele!