Ngo-Joy Okokuqala
NgoLwesihlanu February 19 uPhil Runkel utholwe enecala lokungena emthethweni e-Juneau County, WI yiJaji uPaul Curran ngemuva kwecala lemizuzu engama-22. UPhil wayejoyine ezinye izishoshovu eziyisishiyagalolunye ekuzameni ukungena esikhungweni Samasosha Esizwe SakwaVolk Field Air futhi ahlangane nomphathi ukuze sabelane ngokukhathazeka kwethu mayelana nokuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli bezindiza ze-drone okwenzeka lapho.
Ummeli wesifunda uMike Solovey ulandele inqubo yakhe ejwayelekile yokubizela uSherifu u-Brent Oleson kanye nePhini lakhe uThomas Mueller esitebeleni futhi wakhomba u-Phil njengomunye wabantu abangena esisekelweni ngo-Agasti 25, 2015 futhi benqaba ukuhamba.
UPhil wabuza uSheriff Oleson ngemibuzo embuza ngenjongo yesikhala esiphakathi kwamasango nendlu yonogada. U-Oleson uphendule ngokuthi lesi sikhala sisetshenziswe ukuze izimoto ezilinde ukungena esisekelweni zingahlehli kuthelawayeka wesifunda. UPhil wabuza ukuthi kusemthethweni nini ukuba kuleyo ndawo, futhi u-Oleson waphendula ngokuthi kwakungesikhathi unikezwa imvume. Kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso. Izimoto zingena emasangweni futhi cishe ibhulokhi endlini yonogada futhi zilinde ukukhuluma nonogada ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yokulinda kuleso sikhala.
UPhil ubuze u-Oleson ukuthi sibuzwe yini ukuthi kungani silapho ukuze izikhulu zesizinda zikwazi ukunquma ukuthi sasikhona ngesizathu esizwakalayo, futhi usherifu waphendula ngokuthi uyazi ukuthi besingekho ngesizathu esizwakalayo.
Umbuso wahlehlisa icala labo uPhil watshela ijaji ukuthi angathanda ukufungiswa ukuthi azofakaza bese enikeza isitatimende esifushane sokuvala.
Testimony
Ohlonishwayo:
Ngiqashwe eNyuvesi yaseMarquette, lapho kube yilungelo lami khona ukuthi ngisebenze kusukela ngo-1977 njengomgcini womlando wamaphepha ekhandidethi le-sainthood u-Dorothy Day. Uvame ukunconywa ngokwenza kwakhe imisebenzi yesihe—esanda kwenziwa nguPapa uFrancis—kodwa edelelwa ngokuphikisana kwakhe ngokulinganayo nemisebenzi yempi. Lokhu kwaholela ekuboshweni kwakhe nasekuboshweni izikhathi ezintathu ezihlukene ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuvikeleka ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshelwa ukuvikela umphakathi ngeminyaka yawo-1950. Ngingomunye wabaningi abaye bakhuthazwa isibonelo sakhe sokufuna ukuthula futhi bakuphishekele.
Ngenhlonipho ngiyaliphika leli cala. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II i-International Military Tribunal eNuremberg yamemezela ukuthi “Abantu ngabanye banemisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe eyeqa izibopho zezwe zokulalela ezibekwe uMbuso ngamunye.” (Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal, vol. I, Nürnberg 1947, page 223).Lena kwakungeminye yeMithetho yaseNuremberg eyamukelwa yiKhomishana Yomthetho Wamazwe Ngamazwe YeZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-1950 ukuze inikeze iziqondiso zokunquma ukuthi yini ehlanganisayo. ubugebengu bempi. Lezi
imigomo ngokungangabazeki iyingxenye yomthetho wesintu wamazwe ngamazwe futhi iyingxenye yomthetho wasekhaya e-United States ngaphansi kwe-Article VI, isigaba 2 soMthethosisekelo wase-US (175 US677, 700) (1900).
Owayengummeli-jikelele wase-US u-Ramsey Clark ufakaze ngaphansi kwesifungo, ecaleni lababhikishi be-drone e-Dewitt, NY, ukuthi ngokomthetho wakhe wonke umuntu ubophekile ngaphansi komthetho ukuzama ukumisa uhulumeni wabo ekwenzeni ubugebengu bempi, ubugebengu obuphikisana nokuthula nobugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini.
(http://www.arlingtonwestsantamonica.org/docs/Testimony_of_Elliott_Adams.pdf).
Ngenza ngenxa yokukholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwendizamtshina ekubulaweni kwabantu ngokungemthetho, okuhlosiwe kwenza ubugebengu obunjalo bempi, futhi ngazama ukwazisa umkhuzi wamasosha uRomuald ngaleli qiniso. Bengihlose ukusekela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. (Njengoba uNksz. Okokuqala ephawula ecaleni lakhe ngesonto eledlule, iJaji uRobert Jokl waseDewitt, eNew York, wakhulula abaphikisi abahlanu ngesenzo sabo esiteshini se-Hancock drone ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi babenenhloso efanayo.)
I-athikili yesi-6(b) yoMqulu waseNuremberg ichaza Amacala Empi–ukwephulwa kwemithetho noma amasiko empi– kuhlanganise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukubulawa noma ukuphathwa kabi kwezakhamuzi noma endaweni ehlalwayo. Ama-drones ahlomile, esizwa uphenyo nokugada ama-drones aqhutshwa ezisekelweni ezifana ne-Volk Field, abulale phakathi 2,494-3,994 abantu ePakistan kuphela kusukela ngo-2004. Lezi zihlanganisa phakathi kwe-423 futhi 965 izakhamuzi kanye 172-207 izingane. Abanye abayi-1,158-1,738 balimele. Lena idatha ehlanganiswe yi-Bureau of Investigative Journalism, eyawina umklomelo, ezinze eLondon (https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/drones-graphs/).
Ngokusho kwesazi sezomthetho Matthew Lippman (Nuremberg and American Justice, 5 Notre Dame JL Ethics & Pub. Pol'y 951 (1991). Itholakala e: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjlepp/vol5/iss4/4)
izakhamuzi “zinelungelo elingokomthetho ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukwenza ngendlela engenalo udlame ukuze kumiswe ukwenziwa kwamacala empi. Uphikisa ngokuthi" INuremberg ... isebenza kokubili njengenkemba engasetshenziswa ukushushisa izigebengu zempi, futhi njengesihlangu salabo abaphoqelekile ukuba bahlanganyele ezenzweni zokuziphatha zokubhikisha ngokumelene nezimpi ezingekho emthethweni nezindlela zempi.
U-Lippman uphikisana nesiyalo esivamile sokuthi ababhikishi bazivalele ezindleleni ezigunyazwe ngokusemthethweni zokuphikisa, njengokunxenxa amalungu eCongress. Ucaphuna iJaji uMyron Bright, weNkantolo yesi-8 yokuDluliswa kwamaCala. Ephikisa e-Kabat, iJaji uBright lathi: “Kufanele siqaphele ukuthi ukungalaleli komphakathi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezenzo zobudlova kwabanye, kugxilile emphakathini wethu futhi ukulunga kokuziphatha kwemibono yababhikishi bezombangazwe ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwashintsha futhi kwathuthukisa isimo sethu sengqondo. umphakathi.”
Izibonelo azinikezile zihlanganisa i-Boston Tea Party, ukusayinwa Kwesimemezelo Sokuzimela, kanye nokungalaleli kwakamuva kakhulu kwemithetho ethi "Jim Crow", efana ne-lunch-counter sit-ins. Kabat, 797 F.2d at 601 United States v. Kabat, 797 F.2d 580 (8th Cir. 1986).
KuSolwazi uLippman, “Amanyala anamuhla angase abe kusasa i-lyric.”
Ngizophetha-ke ngala mazwi engoma abaningi bethu abakwaziyo: “Makube khona ukuthula emhlabeni. Ake kuqale ngami.”
Qaphela ukuthi uPhil umiswe esigabeni sesihlanu, enikeza izibalo ngenani labantu ababulawa ama-drones, lapho i-DA Solovey iphikisa isho ukuhambisana futhi u-Curran wasekela ukuphikisa. UPhil akakwazanga ukuqedela isitatimende sakhe, kodwa sifakiwe kulo mbiko ngoba unikeze ulwazi olubalulekile olungaba usizo ezimweni ezizayo.
U-Curran ubuze uPhil ukuthi ubufakazi bakhe buhlangene ngani nokungena emthethweni uPhil waqala ukukhuluma ngokuthi kungani engene esikhumulweni sezindiza ngesikhathi i-DA iphazamisa wathi akukho lutho mayelana nenhloso kulo mthetho. Njengoba uPhil ephikelela ezama ukuchaza izenzo zakhe ejajini, uCurran waya ngokuya ecasuka futhi ecasuka. Uthe akadingi ukufundiswa nguPhil ngeNuremberg.
UPhil wazama ukuchaza ukuthi wayesebenza ngaphansi kwenkolelo yokuthi wayephoqelekile ukuthi angene esikhungweni, futhi siphoqelekile ukuthi sihlanganyele ekulweni nempi engekho emthethweni. Nakulokhu, u-Curran wenza ingxabano yakhe endala yokuthi inkantolo yakhe ngeke itshele u-Obama ukuthi akwenzayo akukho emthethweni. Lokho kusaqhubeka kuyimpikiswano engamanga eyenziwa yijaji emacaleni ethu amaningi.
UPhil waphikelela kakhulu ezama ukucacisa iphuzu lakhe futhi waqhubeka nokuphikisa icala lakhe, kodwa ijaji lalingezwa lutho alusho.
Ekugcineni ijaji lathi unecala futhi wahlawuliswa u-$232. UPhil uthe ufuna ukunikeza isitatimende sokuvala. UCurran uthe isikhathi sesihambile, kuphelile, wasukuma waphuma ngokushesha enkantolo. Ngikhathazekile ngejaji elenqaba ukuvumela isitatimende sokuvala. Ingabe lokho kusemthethweni?
Lesi yisitatimende sokuvala uPhil abengathanda ukusethula.
Ngima nabamangalelwa engibambisene nabo ekugwetshweni ukuthi ukuthula phambi kokungabi nabulungiswa kwempi yendizamtshina engenasimilo, engekho emthethweni kanye nengakhiqizi izithelo eqhutshwa uhulumeni wethu kusenza sibe nesandla kulawa macala. Futhi ngisekela ngokugcwele futhi ngisekela ubufakazi babo phambi kwale nkantolo.
Encwadini yakhe ethi The New Crusade: America’s War on Terrorism, uRahul Mahajan wabhala, “Uma ubuphekula buzonikezwa incazelo engachemile, kumelwe buhilele ukubulawa kwabantu abangalwi ngenjongo yezombangazwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani okwenzayo noma imiphi imigomo emihle abayimemezelayo. ” Ngicela udumo lwakho ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi yikuphi okubeka engcupheni ukuthula nokuhleleka okulungile—izenzo zamaqembu afana nelethu, noma lezo ze-CIA nezinye izinhlaka ezibhekele inqubomgomo yethu yama-drones.
Nalapha, umphumela odumaza kakhulu, kodwa uPhil usikhumbuza ukubaluleka kwalokho esikwenzayo nokuthi kungani kufanele siqhubeke njengoba esho, “Ngadumala, vele, ukuthi uMahluleli uCurran akazange angivumele ukuba ngiqedele ubufakazi bami noma isitatimende sokuvala. Kodwa izinqumo ezinjalo ngeke ziphazamise
siqhubeke nokukhuluma iqiniso lethu emandleni akhona.”
ElikaMary Beth lizoba yicala lokugcina February 25 ngo-9:00 ekuseni e-Juneau County “Justice” Center, 200 Oak. I-St. Mauston, WI. Hlanganyela nathi lapho.
