NguPat Old, uNovemba 9, 2019
Ngesonto eledlule, i-California State Water Management Board Board ikhiphe imininingwane eyiqoqe ekungcolisweni kwePFAS emithonjeni kuhulumeni wonke. Noma ngubani onolwazi ngokufanele mayelana nePFAS, ohlola imininingwane yabo eluhlaza, angaphetha ngokuthi imithombo yamanzi yaseCalifornia isesimweni esibi nokuthi impilo yamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabahlali baseCalifornia isengozini ngokuphuza amanzi ompompi.
Umbuso uhlole i-14 yezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-5,000 ze-PFAS, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili ezaziwa kakhulu ezisongela impilo yabantu, i-PFOS ne-PFOA.
IBhodi Yamanzi iqondisa umphakathi ukuthi leli khasi ku-PFAS. Abantu bayalwa ukuba skhetha ithebhu "Yamanzi Okuphuza" bese "Imiphumela Yokuhlolwa Kwesistimu Yamanzi Omphakathi," kepha imiphumela emisha ekuhlolweni kwePFAS ayitholakali ngale ndlela. Ukuthola yonke imininingo egciniwe ye-PFAS ngefomethi enhle, umphakathi kufanele wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyifune noma ukuqondiswa ngabasebenzi. Ukufinyelela idatha ye-PFAS eluhlaza, ukufaka "isampula Yokuqala yesampula ye-PFAS" kuzoholela ekungeneni kwesihlanu okuqukethe isixhumanisi ku-spreadsheet esihle: "PFAS Ukuqapha i-np TP. ” Ispredishithi siqukethe imigqa yedatha engu-9,130, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi umphakathi ophuza amanzi uqonde - uma bengawuthola.
UBlair Robertson, okhulumela umphakathi weWater Board, akazange abuyise ucingo ngesikhathi kwenzeka le ndaba, kanti abashayela ucingo ehhovisi lebhodi lamanzi batshelwa ukuthi yonke imininingwane ayitholakali.
Okwamanje, imephu exhumanayo efaka okutholwe iBhodi Yamanzi yi I-LA Times kuveza idatha kuPFOS / PFOA kuphela futhi yehluleke ukulungisa ukungcoliswa ezinye izinhlobo eziyingozi zePFAS.
Yize i-PFOS ne-PFOA bezinhlobonhlobo ezidume kakhulu zePFAS, amanye amakhemikhali ama-PFAS ayinkimbinkimbi kungahle kube yingozi kakhulu empilweni yabantu ngandlela thile. I-California ihlole imithombo ye-568 ye-PFOS ne-PFOA, kanye nalokhu kwehluka kwamakhemikhali kwe-12 kwe-PFAS:
Ungavumeli amehlo akho ukuba acwebezele. Ukusetshenziswa kwala makhemikhali emanzini aphuzayo emazingeni amancane kakhulu kungasho ukuthi ingane yakho engakazalwa ngeke ivikeleke ku-asthma noma ihlushwa yizinkinga zokukhula noma zokuziphatha ezinzima. Phuza la manzi futhi kungaba nomthelela kuma-testicular, isibindi, kanye nomdlavuza wezinso, noma kunciphise ukungatheleleki kwezifo ezibulalayo.
Ngakho kwakumdumaza ukubona i- I-LA Times ahlinzeke izibalo emphakathini ngokusebenzisa imephu exhumanisanayo ekhombisa ingqikithi yePFOS / PFOA.
Kwemithombo ye-568 ehlolwe, i-308 (54.2%) kutholakale ukuthi inamakhhemikhali e-PFAS ahlukahlukene.
Izingxenye ze-19,228 per trillion (ppt) zezinhlobo ze-14 ze-PFAS ezihloliwe zitholakale kuleyo mithombo ye-308. Ama-51% bekungaba yi-PFOS noma i-PFOA ngenkathi ama-49% asele kungamanye ama-PFAS abhalwe ngaphezulu ezaziwa ngokuba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu.
Khetha ubuthi bakho.
I-US, I-ejensi Yokuvikela Imvelo, (i-EPA) ine-Advisory Yezempilo Yezempilo engaphoqeleli yezingxenye ze-70 ngesigidigidi ngasinye sePFOS / PFOA. Lapho amazinga we-PFOS / PFOA ephezulu kwi-70 ppt, imithombo ivaliwe eCalifornia, yize amanye amakhemikhali e-PFAS engafakwa kule mikhawulo. Izazi zemvelo ziyaxwayisa ukuthi umkhawulo wokuzithandela we-EPA uphezulu kakhulu, ethi amanzi okuphuza akufanele neze wedlule I-1 ppt yanoma yimaphi amakhemikhali e-PFAS.
Uma kungekho i-EPA esebenzayo, izifunda ezweni lonke zigijimela ukusungula amazinga aphazamisayo (ama-MCL) ama-PFAS ahlukahlukene kwi-10 ppt kuya ku-20 ppt uhla emanzini aphansi nangasemanzini. California isanda kusungulwa Amazinga wesaziso - kuphela i-PFOS ne-PFOA - ngo-6.5 ppt no-5.1 ppt emanzini okuphuza ngokulandelana. Amaleveli ezaziso aqala izidingo ezithile kubahlinzeki bamanzi, noma umphakathi ungaqhubeka nokuphuza amanzi.
Ispredishithi esingezansi, esithathwe kwimininingwane yeBhodi Yamanzi, sikhombisa imiphumela yemithombo engama-23 yaseCalifornia evivinye ephakeme ukwedlula iseluleko se-EPA sezingxenye ezingama-70 isigidigidi ngasinye sePFOS / PFOA.
Kumasampula we-23 ngaphezulu, "ezinye i-PFAS" zibalwe nge-49% yenani eliphelele. Izisulu eziyisikhombisa zamanzi ezingcoliswe kakhulu zitholakale eCorona, ekhaya lapho kufakwa khona isitshalo sokukhiqiza i3M.
Iwebhusayithi ye-LA Times iyalela umphakathi ukuthi ufake igama ledolobha labo kubha yokusesha. Ukwenza lokhu iBurbank ithela imephu elandelayo:
Umdwebo we-LA Times ukhombisa imithombo eyishumi eBurbank engenakho ukungcoliswa kwePFOS / PFOA, okuholela ekutheni abaningi bakholwe ukuthi amanzi alungile alungile. I-LA Times yehluleka ukuhlinzeka umphakathi ukufinyelela kokungcola okubangelwa amanye amakhemikhali e-PFAS atholakala emanzini kahle.
Ukuhlolisiswa kwespredishithi sangcwatshwa kubonisa lokhu okufakiwe kweBurbank:
I-Burbank's I-OU Well VO-1 ungcoliswe nge-108.4 ppt yalezi zinhlobo zePFAS:
I-PERFLUOROHEXANE SULFONIC ACID (I-PFHxS) I-20 ppt
I-PERFLUOROHEXANOIC ACID (PFHxA) 69
IPERFLUOROBUTANESULFONIC ACID (I-PFBS) 10
IPERFLUOROHEPTANOIC ACID (PFHpA) 9.4
Bambalwa abonakala bekhathazekile ngala makhemikhali futhi yingoba i-EPA yezimboni enobungani ayikhombisanga kukhathazeka. ICalifornia kumele ihole ekuvikeleni impilo yezakhamizi zayo.
Lawa makhemikhali ayingozi, futhi amazinga awo kufanele alawulwe eduze futhi abikwe emphakathini yizo zonke izifundazwe kanye nohulumeni wesifundazwe. Izifundo ezithunyelwe eKomidini Lokubuyekezwa Kokungcola Okuqhubekayo Stockholm Umhlangano bika lokhu okutholwe yi-PFHxS. (I-US yehlulekile ukuqinisekisa lesi sivumelwano esibalulekile.)
- I-PFHxS itholakele egazini le-umbilical ngentambo futhi idluliselwa kumbungu ngezinga elikhulu kunalokho okubikiwe kwiPFOS.
- Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuhlangana phakathi kwamazinga we-serum we-PFHxS namazinga we-serum we-cholesterol, i-lipoproteins, i-triglycerides nama-fatty acids wamahhala.
- Imiphumela emgudwini we-hormone ye-thyroid ikhonjisiwe ye-PFHxS ezifundweni zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe.
- Ukuvezwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwe-PFHxS kuhlotshaniswa nokuvela kwezifo ezithathelwanayo (njenge-ottis media, pneumonia, virus ye-RS kanye ne-varicella) esemncane.
Futhi lokho kungenye yamakhemikhali "amanye ama-PFAS" eBurbank. Bona amaphrofayli we-toxicological we: PFHxA, I-PFBS futhi PFHpA.
Amanzi emithombo kaBurbank anobuthi.
Uma umuntu ehlala eduze nemithombo enamazinga aphezulu e-PFAS akusho ukuthi amanzi apompo akhe avela kulowo mthombo, yize kungenzeka kunjalo. Futhi, uma amanzi empompo evela esisetshenziswa esinemithombo eminingana, umphakathi kungenzeka ungawazi ngqo umthombo wamanzi abawaphuzayo. Abantu kufanele baqale ukuxhumana nabanikezeli babo beenkonzo zamanzi futhi abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele baphuze amanzi ompompi ngamanani amancane kunazo zonke yePFAS. Iningi lezinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi ezindlini alikwazi ukuhlunga la makhakhokho.
Ikhomishini Yezamanzi YaseCalifornia State ihlolwe izikhungo zezindiza zabantu, izindawo zokulahlwa kukadoti eziqinile, kanye nemithombo yokuphuza amanzi endaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-1 amamitha emithombo eseyaziwa ukuthi iqukethe i-PFAS. Amasosha bekungewona agxile kulolu phenyo, noma ngabe yisizinda esisodwa, Isiteshi Sempi Yezempi Ye-Naval Air China Lake singcolise umthombo ku-8,000,000 ppt. ye-PFOS / PFOA, ngokusho kwe-DOD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DOD ibika ukuthi iCalifornia inayo Ukufakwa kwamasosha e-598 ngezindawo ezingcolile ze-5,819, yize idatha yokungcola kwePFAS okungenani kulawa masayithi ingatholakali emphakathini.
U-Anna Reade woMkhandlu Wezokuvikela Imithombo Yezemvelo uthi ibhodi lamanzi kufanele likhulise ukugxila kwalo okuxakile kwiPFOS nePCA. "Ukugxila ezihlahleni ezimbili nje ehlathini le-5,000 kuzolimaza ikhono loMbuso lokuthola isithombe esiphelele senkinga noma aqhamuke nezisombululo ezifanele zenkinga," Uyabhala.
Isikhathi sokuvuka unuke ikhofi - eBurbank - nasezweni lonke. Ungayiphuzi uze uqiniseke ukuthi ayingcoliswanga ngamakhemikhali e-PFAS.
