Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eVictorville nakulo lonke elaseCalifornia angcolisiwe nePFAS, “amakhemikhali angapheli.”
NguPat Old, ngoFebhuwari 23, 2020, World BEYOND War
NgoSepthemba 10, 2018 iLahontan Regional Water Board wahlola amanzi emthonjeni yendlu ephethwe nguMnu kanye noNkk. Kenneth Culberton etholakala ku-18399 Shay Road eVictorville, eCalifornia. Amanzi la atholakala aqukethe amazinga aphezulu wamakhemikhali e-PFAS ehlukene angama-25, amaningana okwaziwa ukuthi angama-carcinogens abantu. Umuzi kaCulberton ungamamitha ambalwa ukusuka emngceleni osempumalanga we-George Air Force Base evaliwe.
UCulberton unqabile ukuthi kuxoxwe naye ngakho-ke sizoncika kurekhodi lomphakathi. Incwadi ayithola kwiLahontan Regional Water Control Board Board ngoFebhuwari 11, 2019 ithi:
"Ngokususelwa kwinhlolokhono ye-Air Force nawe, siyaqonda ukuthi wena nomqashi wakho nisebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni njengomthombo wamanzi, futhi lo mthombo usetshenziselwa ukunisela kuphela. Ukuqhathanisa okuhlangene kwe-PFOS ne-PFOA okuhlangene ne-USEPA okuhlangene (bheka ithebula elingezansi) kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi la manzi alungele ukusetshenziswa kwabantu njengoba edlula izinga le-HA lokuphila. "
Indlu eseduze, etholakala 18401 Shay Road, kutholakale ukuthi inomthombo ongcolile ofanayo. Impahla yathengiswa ngoJuni 19, 2018 kuMatthew Arnold Villarreal njengomnikazi yedwa. Ukudluliswa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba umthombo uhlolwe ibhodi lamanzi. IVillarreal nguSupervisor Wokuhlinzekwa Kwamanzi woMnyango Wezamanzi wedolobha iVictorville. Izinga lokungcola kweminye imithombo yangasese eduzane naseGeorge AFB alaziwa.
IGeorge Air Force Base, eyavalwa ngonyaka we-1992, isebenzisa i-foam film-forming foam (AFFF) ekuziqeqesheni ngomlilo ejwayelekile, kanye nezinye izisekelo ezingaba ngu-50 kuhulumeni. Izinto ze-Per- ne-poly fluoroalkyl, noma i-PFAS, ziyisithako esisebenzayo kwizimpondo, ezivunyelwe ukungena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kanye namanzi angaphezulu.
Ngaphandle kokwazi kusukela ngawo-1970 ukuthi lo mkhuba usongela impilo yabantu, amasosha ayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukufakwa e-US nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aqoqwe ngoSepthemba 19, 2018 at Ukukhiqizwa Kahle Adelanto 4 IVictorville, eduze komgwaqo weTurner Road nePhantom East, nayo ikhombisile ukuba khona kwamazinga ayingozi amakhemikhali e-PFAS ahlukahlukene. Isaziso esivela kwiLahontan Regional Water Control Board Board sibhekiswe ku: Ray Cordero, Superintendent Wezamanzi, Idolobha lase-Adelanto, uMnyango Wezamanzi.
Umbono osuka kuPhantom Road East lapho uhlangana khona no-Turner Road.
Ngokombiko ka-Okthoba, ka-2005 i-George AFB restoration Advisory Board (RAB) Adjournment Report, amapayipi amanzi aphansi komhlaba aqukethe izinto ezingcolile
bathuthela emithonjeni yamanzi okuphuza noma eMfuleni iMojave. "Amanzi okuphuza emphakathini ayaqhubeka nokuphephile ukuthi awasebenzise," ngokusho kombiko wokugcina.
Abantu emphakathini kungenzeka baphuze amanzi anobuthi ezizukulwaneni ezimbili. Amabhodi Wezeluleko Zokubuyiselwa baye bagxekwa ngokunganciphisi ukungcola okunamandla kwemvelo okubangelwa amasosha ngenkathi kusetshenzelwa ukulandelela nokuqukatha ukumelana nomphakathi.
Amanzi kaCulberton abheka ubhubhane lwe-PFAS. Ishadi elilandelayo lithathwe encwadini yebhodi lamanzi eya kuMnu noNkk Kenneth Culberton:
Igama ug / L ppt
I-6: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonate .0066 6.6
I-8: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonate .0066 6.6
I-EtFOSA .0100 10
I-EtFOSAA .0033 3.3
ISIHLOKO .0079 7.9
I-MeFOSA .0130 13
I-MeFOSAA .0029 2.9
IMEFOSE .012 12
I-Perfluorobutanoic acid .013 13
I-Perfluorobutane Sulfonate .020 20
I-Perfluorodecane Sulfonate .0060 6
I-Perfluoroheptanoic Acid (PFHpA) .037 37
I-Perfluoroheptane sulfonate .016 16
I-Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) .072 72
I-Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) .540 540
I-Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) .0087 8.7
I-Perfluourooctane Sulonamide (PFOSA) .0034 3.4
I-Perfluoropentanoic Acid PFPeA .051 51
I-Perfluourotetradecanoic Acid .0027 2.7
I-Perfluourotridacanoic Acid .0038 3.8
I-Perfluouroundecanoic Acid (PFUnA) .0050 5.0
I-Perfluourodecanoic Acid (PFDA) .0061 6.1
I-Perfluorododecanoic Acid (PFDoA) .0050 5.0
I-Perfluouro-n-Octanoic Acid (PFOA) .069 69
I-Perfluourooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) .019 19
Amakhompiyutha angama-25 we-PFAS atholakala eCulberton azigcwalise kahle izingxenye ezingama-940 ngethrillion (ppt.) Akekho uhulumeni wobumbano noma isimo seCalifornia awalandeli noma alawule ukungcola emithonjeni yangasese. Ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi bezempilo yomphakathi baye baxwayisa ngomthelela ongemuhle walezi zinhlwayi. Iziphathimandla zezempilo eziphezulu kuzwelonke zithi i-1 ppt ye-PFAS emanzini okuphuza iyingozi. I-National Library Yezokwelapha ye-NIH inikeza okuhle search engine enikeza imiphumela enobuthi yokungcola okungenhla, kanye neminye etholakala njalo emanzini ethu okuphuza nendawo esikuyo.
Izinto eziningi ziyingozi uma zihlangana nesikhumba. Mane uchofoze isixhumanisi esizeni se-NIH ngenhla ukuze uqalise inqubo yokuphenya ngemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu. Amanye ala makhemikhali asetshenziswa ngama-pesticides njengesithako esisebenzayo sezicupho ze-ant bait. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhemikhali amaningi we-PFAS achazwe ngenhla adala noma aba nomthelela kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- Izinguquko emazingeni ama-hormone e-thyroid, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaguga
- Ukufa ngesifo se-cerebrovascular
- Khuphula amazinga e-serum cholesterol kanye nama-triglycerides
- Ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwamazinga we-PFAS ne-ADHD
- Amazinga we-PFAS wokubeletha ekukhulelweni kokuqala ahlotshaniswa nokujikeleza okuncane kwesisu nobude bokuzala.
- I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kokugxila kukamama kwe-PFOA kanye nenombolo yeziqephu zomkhuhlane ojwayelekile ezinganeni
- Ukwanda kweziqephu ze-gastroenteritis.
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA
- Ukunyuka kwamazinga womdlavuza wendlala yesinye, umdlavuza wesibindi nezinso
- Ukungasebenzi kwesibindi nobuchopho
- Ukuvuvukala komoya kanye nomsebenzi we-airway oshintshiwe
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuzala kwabesilisa
- Impendulo eyi-nicotine
Engozini yokushaya i-horse mutagen efile, okungcolisa kakhulu kwe-PFAS emanzini aseCulberton - i-PFHxS (540 ppt) ne-PFHxA (72 ppt) kutholakala ngokungajwayelekile emithonjeni yamanzi kamasipala waseCalifornia asetshenziselwa amanzi okuphuza. Uhulumeni wesifundazwe noma umbuso ababonakali bekhathazeke kakhulu ngalezi zingcolisi. Esikhundleni salokho, zilungiselelwe izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ze-6,000 zamakhemikhali e-PFAS - i-PFOS ne-PFOA - ezingasakhiqizwa noma ezisetshenziswayo.
NgoFebhuwari 6, 2020 iBhodi Yezokulawulwa Kwemithombo Yamanzi yaseCalifornia yehlisa “Izinga Lokuphendula” layo ezingxenyeni eziyi-10 isigidigidi (ppt) sePFOA kanye ne-40 ppt sePFOS. Uma uhlelo lwamanzi ludlula amazinga okuphendula kula ma-carcinogens, uhlelo kudingeka ukuthi lususe umthombo wamanzi noma lunikeze umphakathi isaziso zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 ukutholakele okuqinisekisiwe. Khonamanjalo, emithonjeni engama-568 ehlolwe wumbuso ngo-2019 164 kwatholakala ukuthi iqukethe iPFHxS kwathi i-111 yayiqukethe iPFHxA.
Ngokukhethekile, i-PFHxS iye yatholakala egazini le-umbilical cord futhi idluliselwa kumbungu ngezinga elikhulu kunalokho okubikiwe kwiPFOS. Ukuvezwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwe-PFHxS kuhlotshaniswa nokuvela kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, njenge-ottis media, inyumonia, igciwane le-RS, ne-varicella esemncane.
Ukuvezwa kwe-PFHxA kungahle kuhlotshaniswe ne-Gilbert Syndrome, isifo sokuphazamiseka kwesibindi sofuzo, yize okuqukethwe kungafundwa kabanzi. Amashadi alandelayo anemba ngezinhlelo zamanzi wombuso ezinamazinga aphakeme kakhulu we-PFHxS ne-PFHxS emithonjeni esetshenziselwa ukuphuza amanzi, ngokususelwa kwidatha ekhawulelwe kakhulu ye-2019:
Uhlelo Lwamanzi PFHxS ku-ppt.
Abalingani baseSan Luis Obispo 360
UJM Sims - iSan Luis Obispo 260
Abakhi be-CB & I (SLO 240
IStrasbaugh, Inc. (SLO) 110
I-Whitson Ind. Ipaki iSan Luis Obispo 200
IGolden Eagle - iContra Costa Co 187
I-Oroville 175
Indawo 7 iLivermore 90
IPleasanton 77
ICorona 61
============
Uhlelo Lwamanzi FFHxA ku-ppt.
Abalingani baseSan Luis Obispo 300
UJM Sims - iSan Luis Obispo 220
UMariposa 77
IBurbank 73
IPactiv LLC 59
USanta Clarita 52
Ama-Friendly Acres - Tehama Co. 43
IPactiv LLC 59
IValencia 37
ICorona 34
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Onke amakhemikhali e-PFAS ayingozi. Zinobuthi, zisebenza kakhulu emanzini angaphansi komhlaba namanzi angaphezulu, futhi zinqwabelana nge-bio. Owesifazane okhulelwe eVictorville nawo wonke umuntu kwenye indawo yonke indawo kufanele axwayiswe ukuthi angaphuzi amanzi aqukethe i-PFAS.
