Isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuthi i-White House Imemezele Icubungula Isinyathelo Sezempi ngokumelene neNyakatho Korea
Ibhalwe nguStephen Gowans, Yini Esele.
I-United States kanye neSouth Korea benza izivivinyo zabo zezempi ezinkulu kunayo yonke eyake yaba khona enhlonhlweni yaseKorea [1], ngemva kwesonto elilodwa i-White House imemezele ukuthi icubungula isenzo sezempi ngokumelene neNyakatho Korea ukuze kuguqulwe umbuso. [2] Ukuzivocavoca okuholwa yi-US kubandakanya:
• 300,000 amasosha aseNingizimu Korea
• 17,000 amasosha ase-US
• I-supercarrier USS Carl Vinson
• Ama-Stealth fighters ase-US F-35B kanye ne-F-22
• Amabhomu e-US B-18 kanye ne-B-52
• Ama-F-15 ase-South Korea kanye nama-KF-16s ama-jetfighters. [3]
Ngenkathi i-United States ilebula izivivinyo ngokuthi “zivikela ngokuphelele” [4] i-nomenclature iyadukisa. Ukuzivocavoca akuzivikeli ngomqondo wokuzijwayeza ukuxosha ukuhlasela okungenzeka kweNyakatho Korea kanye nokusunduza amabutho aseNyakatho Korea emuva ku-38th parallel uma kwenzeka iNorth Korea ihlasela, kodwa icabanga ukuhlasela kweNyakatho Korea ukuze yenze amandla ayo enuzi. izikhali, ucekele phansi umyalo wayo wezempi, futhi ubulale umholi wayo.
Ukuzivocavoca kungahunyushwa kuphela njengokuthi "ukuvikela" uma kwenziwa njengokulungiselela impendulo esitelekeni sokuqala sangempela saseNyakatho Korea, noma njengempendulo evivinyiwe yangaphambi kwesimangalo esilindelwe ekuqaleni. Kunoma isiphi isigameko, izivivinyo zihlobene nokuhlasela, futhi isikhalazo sika-Pyongyang sokuthi amabutho ase-US nawaseNingizimu Korea ayahlasela sivumelekile.
Kepha amathuba okuhlasela kweNorth Korea eSouth Korea mancane ngokushabalala. I-Pyongyang idliwe kakhulu kwezempi yiSeoul cishe nge-4:1, [5] futhi amabutho aseNingizimu Korea angathembela ezinhlelweni zezikhali ezithuthuke kakhulu kuneNorth Korea. Ukwengeza, amasosha aseNingizimu Korea awasekelwa nje kuphela, kodwa angaphansi komyalo wamasosha aseMelika anamandla angakaze abonwe. Ukuhlasela kweNorth Korea eSouth Korea kungaba ukuzibulala, ngakho-ke singabheka ukuthi kungenzeka njengento engekho, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa imfundiso yenuzi yase-US evumela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi ngokumelene neNyakatho Korea. Ngempela, abaholi baseMelika bakhumbuze abaholi baseNyakatho Korea izikhathi eziningi ukuthi izwe labo lingaguqulwa libe “i-briquette yamalahle.” [6] Ukuthi noma ubani umphumela embusweni wase-US ukholelwa ngempela ukuthi iNingizimu Korea isengozini yokuhlaselwa yiNyakatho kuyabonakala.
Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Operation Plan 5015 “okuhloswe ngayo ukususa izikhali zaseNyakatho zokucekela phansi okukhulu nokulungiselela … kubhekiswe ebuholini.” [7]
Maqondana nokuhlasela kwe-decapitation, izivivinyo zibandakanya "Ama-US Special Missions Units abhekene nokubulawa kuka-Osama bin Laden ngo-2011, kuhlanganise ne-SEAL Team Six." [8] Ngokombiko wephephandaba elithile, “ukubamba iqhaza kwamabutho akhethekile ekuzivivinyeni . . . kungase kube inkomba yokuthi izinhlangothi zombili zilungiselela ukubulawa kukaKim Jong Un.” [9]
Isikhulu saseMelika sitshele inkampani yezindaba yaseNingizimu Korea i-Yonhap ukuthi “Inani elikhulu lamasosha akhethekile ase-US azobamba iqhaza kulo nyaka … ukuzilolonga ukuze kungene amazwe aseNyakatho, asuse umyalo wempi yaseNyakatho futhi abhidlize izikhungo zawo zezempi ezibalulekile. ” [10]
Ngokumangazayo, naphezu kokuhlanganyela ekuzilolongeni okuvusa inkanuko—okungeke kube nomunye umphumela ngaphandle kokuxova abaseNyakatho Korea futhi babekwe ngaphansi kosongo oluseduze—umnyango wezokuvikela kuzwelonke waseNingizimu Korea umemezele ukuthi “iNingizimu Korea ne-US bebeqapha ngokucophelela umnyakazo we Amasosha aseNyakatho Korea alungiselela ukucasulwa okungenzeka.” [11]
Umbono wokuthi iWashington neSeoul kumele baqaphele 'ukucasulwa' kweNyakatho Korea, ngesikhathi iPentagon kanye nozakwabo waseNingizimu Korea bezilolongela isiteleka sokuhlasela ne-'decapitation' ngokumelene neNyakatho Korea, imele lokho uchwepheshe wase-East Asia u-Tim Beal akubiza ngokuthi. "uhlobo olukhethekile olungelona iqiniso." [12] Okwengeza kulokho okungelona iqiniso ukuthi ukuqeqeshelwa ukuhlasela kuza ngemuva kokumemezela kwe-White House. i-urbi ne-orbi ukuthi icubungula isenzo sezempi ngokumelene neNyakatho Korea ukuletha izinguquko zombuso.
Ngo-2015, abaseNyakatho Korea bahlongoza ukumisa uhlelo lwabo lwezikhali zenuzi ukuze i-United States imise umsebenzi wayo wezempi kule nhlonhlo. UMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika usichithile lesi sicelo, uthi sihlobanisa ngokungafanele ukuzivivinya kwamasosha ase-United States "okujwayelekile" nalokho iWashington eyayikufuna ngePyongyang, okungukuthi, ukuchithwa kwezikhali zenuzi. [13] Esikhundleni salokho, iWashington "yaphikelela ukuthi iNyakatho ilahle uhlelo lwayo lwezikhali zenuzi kuqala ngaphambi kokuthi kube nanoma yiziphi izingxoxo". [14]
Ngo-2016, abaseNyakatho Korea benza isiphakamiso esifanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho umongameli waseMelika uBarack Obama waphendula wathi iPyongyang "kuzofanele yenze kangcono kunalokho." [15]
Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-Wall Street-Directed Council on Foreign Relations yakhipha umbiko wethimba elaluleka iWashington ngokushaya isivumelwano sokuthula neNorth Korea ngezizathu zokuthi iPyongyang izolindela ukuthi amasosha ase-US ahoxe kule nhlonhlo. Ukube i-United States ibingashiya le nhlonhlo ngokwezempi, isikhundla sayo samasu esihlobene neChina neRussia, okungukuthi, amandla ayo okusongela izimbangi zayo ezimbili ezisondelene nontanga, ibizoba buthaka, kuxwayisa umbiko. Ngakho-ke, iWashington yaphikiswa ukuthi yenqabe ukuthembisa iBeijing ukuthi noma yiluphi usizo olunikezayo mayelana neNyakatho Korea izoklonyeliswa ngokunciphisa ukuba khona kwamasosha ase-US kule nhlonhlo. [16]
Ngasekuqaleni kwale nyanga, iChina iphinde yavusa isiphakamiso sikaPyongyang esingapheli. “Ukuze kudambise inkinga ekhona kule nhlonhlo, iChina [ihlongoze] ukuthi, njengesinyathelo sokuqala, [iNyakatho Korea] imise imisebenzi yayo yezikhali ezicitshwayo kanye nezenuzi ukuze kumiswe ukuzivocavoca kwe-US - [eNingizimu Korea]. Lokhu kumiswa kokumiswa,” kusho amaShayina, “kungasisiza siphume enkingeni yezokuphepha futhi sibuyisele abathintekayo etafuleni lezingxoxo.” [17]
IWashington yasenqaba leso siphakamiso ngokushesha. Kwakunjalo naseJapane. Inxusa laseJapan ku-UN likhumbuze umhlaba ukuthi inhloso ye-US "akukona ukumisa iqhwa kodwa ukuqeda iNorth Korea." [18] Okucacile kulesi sikhumbuzo kwakuyisengezo sokuthi i-United States ngeke ithathe izinyathelo zokuqeda indlela yayo yokubhekana neNyakatho Korea (iWashington ilengisa inkemba yenukliya yaseDamocles phezu kwePyongyang) futhi izoqhubeka nokwenza izivivinyo zonyaka zokuhlasela. .
Ukwenqaba ukuxoxisana, noma ukufuna ukuthi olunye uhlangothi lunikeze ngokushesha lokho okufunwayo njengemibandela yezingxoxo, (nginike engikufunayo, bese ngizokhuluma), kuhambisana nendlela eya eNyakatho Korea eyamukelwa uWashington ekuqaleni. kusukela ngo-2003. Enxuswa uPyongyang ukuthi axoxisane ngesivumelwano sokuthula, owayenguNobhala Wezwe wase-US u-Colin Powell wenqaba. “Asizenzi izivumelwano ezingenalo udlame noma izivumelwano, izinto zalolo hlobo,” kuchaza uPowell. [19]
Njengengxenye yezinto ezingelona iqiniso ezikhethekile ezakhiwe yi-United States, iRussia, noma ikakhulukazi umongameli wayo, uVladimir Putin, uvame ukusolwa yiWashington ngokwenza “udlame,” okuthiwa luhlanganisa izivivinyo zezempi emngceleni waseRussia ne-Ukraine. Lezi zivivinyo, cishe ngezinga elikhulu lokuzivocavoca kwe-US-South Korea, zibhalwe ngokuthi "zivusa inkanuko" [20] yizikhulu zase-US, kuyilapho ukuzilolonga okuholwa yiPentagon kokuhlasela kweNyakatho Korea kuchazwa njengokujwayelekile "nokuzivikela ngokwemvelo." .”
Kepha ake ucabange ukuthi iMoscow yayihlanganise amasosha angama-300,000 aseRussia emngceleni we-Ukraine, ngaphansi kohlelo lokusebenza lokuhlasela i-Ukraine, inciphise impahla yayo yezempi, icekele phansi umyalo wayo wezempi, futhi ibulale nomongameli wayo, isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuthi i-Kremlin imemezele ukuthi icubungula isenzo sezempi. Ukraine ukuletha izinguquko zombuso. Ubani, ngaphandle komuntu ocwile ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwento engekho ngokoqobo, ongachaza lokhu ngokuthi “ukuzivikela ngokwemvelo”?
1. “I-THAAD, ukuhlasela kwe-'decapitation' kwengeza kuma-allies' amasha,” I-Korea Herald, Mashi 13, 2017; U-Elizabeth Shim, "i-US, izivivinyo zaseNingizimu Korea zihlanganisa ithimba lokubulala lika-bin Laden," UPI, March 13, 2017.
2. U-Jonathan Cheng no-Alastair Gale, "Ukuhlolwa kwemicibisholo yaseNyakatho Korea kuvusa ukwesaba kwe-ICBM," I-Wall Street Journal, Mashi 7, 2017.
3. “S. I-Korea, i-US iqala ukuqeqeshwa okuhlanganyelwe kwezempi okukhulu kunakho konke,” KBS World, March 5, 2017; Jun Ji-hye, “Izivivinyo zokushaya e-N. Korea zenzeka,” Korea Times, Mashi 13, 2017.
4. Jun Ji-hye, “Izivivinyo zokushaya e-N. Korea zenzeka,” Korea Times, Mashi 13, 2017.
5. U-Alastair Gale no-Chieko Tsuneoka, “I-Japan izokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezempi unyaka wesihlanu ilandelana,” The Wall Street Journal, Disemba 21, 2016.
6. Bruce Cumings, “Ukucasulwa kwakamuva kwaseNyakatho Korea kuvela emathubeni aphuthelwe e-US okususwa kwezempi,” iDemocracy Now!, May 29, 2009.
7. “I-THAAD, ukuhlasela kwe-'decapitation' kwengeza kuma-allies' amasha,” I-Korea Herald, Mashi 13, 2017.
8. “I-US, i-South Korean drill ifaka ithimba lokubulala lika-bin Laden,” UPI, Mashi 13, 2017.
I-9. Ibid.
10. "Ama-US Navy SEALs azobamba iqhaza ekuzilolongeni okuhlanganyelwe e-S. Korea," Yonhap, March 13, 2017.
11. Jun Ji-hye, “Izivivinyo zokushaya e-N. Korea zenzeka,” Korea Times, Mashi 13, 2017.
12. U-Tim Beal, “Ukubheka endleleni efanele: Ukusungula uhlaka lokuhlaziya isimo e-peninsula yase-Korea (kanye nokunye okuningi ngaphandle kwalokho),” Korean Policy Institute, April 23, 2016.
13. U-Choe Sang-hun, "I-North Korea inikeza isivumelwano se-US sokumisa ukuhlolwa kwe-nuclear," The New York Times, January 10, 2015.
14. U-Eric Talmadge, "U-Obama uchitha isiphakamiso se-NKorea sokumisa ukuhlolwa kwe-nuke," i-Associated Press, Ephreli 24, 2016.
I-15. Ibid.
16. "Ukukhetha Okubukhali ENyakatho Korea: Ukubandakanya I-China YeNyakatho-mpumalanga Ye-Asia Ezinzile," Umbiko Ozimele We-Task Force No. 74, Umkhandlu Wezobudlelwane Bangaphandle, 2016.
17. “I-China inomkhawulo endimeni yayo eziqoke ngayo njengomlamuleli wezindaba zenhlonhlo yase-Korea,” The Hankyoreh, Mashi 9, 2017.
18. Farnaz Fassihi, Jeremy Page kanye noChun Han Wong, “UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ugxeka ukuhlolwa kwemicibisholo yaseNyakatho Korea,” I-Wall Street Journal, Mashi 8, 2017.
19. “IBeijing izosingatha izingxoxo zaseNyakatho Korea,” I-New York Times, Agasti 14, 2003.
20. UStephen Fidler, “I-NATO izabalaza ukuhlanganisa amandla 'okuhola' ukulwa neRussia," I-Wall Street Journal, Disemba 1, 2014.
